Thinking of medical major setting under the background of "New Medicine" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

National education, medical industry demand and external environment all put forward the demand of training "medical + X" compound medical talents. In recent years, the development of "medical + X" has provided a foundation for the establishment of related majors in the undergraduate stage. This paper analyzes the current situation of medical interdisciplinary development at home and abroad, summarizes the existing "medical + X" training model at the undergraduate level, and argues that the new "medical + X" majors should be supported by optimizing the system design and focusing on the interdisciplinary frontier. At the same time, the setting of new majors of "Medical + X" should also pay attention to the three characteristics of livelihood, faculty and employment.

Exploration and practice on interdisciplinary studies in universities: The case of Xi′an Jiaotong University / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Under the background of extensive interdisciplinary studies, this article aims to provide references for other domestic universities by analyzing the current situation and exploration of universities to promote the development of interdisciplinary studies.Methods:Taking Xi′an Jiaotong University as a typical case, it was summarized from three aspects: background, specific measures, and results.Results:Measures such as strengthening top-level design, improving organizational management systems, consolidating research platforms, establishing cross-funds, and strengthening talent training modes, were adopted by Xi′an Jiaotong University to promote the development of interdisciplinary studies from all aspects of structure, system, human resources, financial resources, and incentive mechanisms. It has promoted the depth and extension of the school's science, engineering, medicine, literature, and other disciplines, improved academic influence, and serving national and regional development.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary studies is a systematic project that requires the cooperation of the government, universities, medical institutions, industry, and academia to create a policy and institutional environment for multidisciplinary collaboration, truly allowing disciplines to move from mechanical integration to knowledge fusion. Therefore, in the process of interdisciplinary development in universities, it is necessary to straighten out the guiding concepts and basic principles of interdisciplinarity, grasp the characteristics of interdisciplines, and focus on promoting the discipline structure, supporting systems, talent training, funding, and incentive mechanisms.

Analysis of interdiscipline of medicine and engineering supported by National Natural Science Foundation in comprehensive university: Taking Xi′an Jiaotong University as an example / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Take Xi′an Jiaotong University as an example, to analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of the Comprehensive University in the field of medicine-Engineering integration, with a view to revealing the general picture of interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research of Xi′an Jiaotong University, and gaining a glimpse of the development of the interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research in universities.Methods:Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the basic situation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China approved in the field of medicine-Engineering integration.Results:A total number of 692 projects were funded in the field of medicine-Engineering integration, with a total funding of 420 million yuan. Funding types are mainly general projects, followed by Youth Science Foundation projects. The number of key and major projects is small, but it is of great significance to the growth of the funding amount. The Department of Medical Science and the Department of Engineering Science are the departments with the largest total number of funding projects and funding amounts. In terms of funding disciplines, the core disciplines of imaging medicine and biomedical engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing, mechanics, biomaterials, imaging and tissue engineering, optics and optoelectronics, and oncology have been formed.Conclusions:The research shows that the interdiscipline of medicine and engineering research of Xi′an Jiaotong University has continued to grow, attracting scholars in science, engineering, medicine, management and other fields to participate, forming an advantageous discipline group. For the development of the integration of medicine and engineering in domestic universities, it is recommended to strengthen the top-level design, increase support for young people, and pay attention to the advanced layout of key and major projects.

Aprendizaje interprofesional en los internados de las carreras de la salud del Hospital Josefina Martínez / Interprofessional learning of interns at Josefina Martínez Hospital

Introducción: las dinámicas de atención en salud requieren que los profesionales que componen el equipo de salud trabajen en for-ma colaborativa. Sin embargo, durante su formación, las oportunidades de aprendizaje con otras disciplinas son escasas. Se reportan los resultados del primer proyecto para promover el aprendizaje interprofesional en los internos que rotan por el Hospital Josefina Martínez. Método: de marzo a julio 2018, se realizó un taller constituido por dos sesiones, en cada rotación de internado. Participaron internos de cinco carreras en forma conjunta (kinesiología, odontología, nutrición, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional). Se adaptó la encuesta de disposición al aprendizaje interprofesional, para ser aplicada antes y después de cada taller. Se calcularon las medianas, rangos intercuartílicos (Q1; Q3y se compararon los puntajes mediante test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: hubo una disposición positiva inicial al aprendizaje interprofesional, con mejoría significativa después de los talleres en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta: Trabajo en equipo y colaboración (<0,001), trabajo centrado en el paciente (<0,001), y sentido de identidad profesional (<0,05). La diferencia del puntaje global de la encuesta también fue significativa (<0,001). Conclusiones: se demostró un cambio favorable y significativo en las respuestas de los internos después de los talleres, en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta. En los comentarios, destacaron la relevancia de aprender con estudiantes de otras carreras, describiendo que aumentó su conocimiento sobre éstas y reforzando el impacto que dicha integración tiene en mejorar la atención y resolución de problemas en salud.

Background: The dynamics of health care require that the health professionals work collaboratively; however, during their training, learning opportunities with other disciplines are infrequent. The results of the first project to promote interprofessional learning in the clinical internship at Hospital Josefina Martínez are reported. Methods: From March to July 2018, two workshops for each internship rotation were carried. Students from fivecareers participated together (Kinesiology, Dentistry, Nutrition, Speech Therapy, and Occupa-tional Therapy). The readiness to interprofessional scale survey was adapted, to be applied before and after each workshop. Medians, interquartile range (Q1; Q3) were calculated, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results. Results: There was an initial po-sitive readiness for interprofessional learning, with a significant improvement in all the dimensions of the survey, after the workshops: Teamwork and collaboration (<.001), patient-centered care (<.001), and sense of professional identity (<.05). The differences from the overall survey were also significant (<0.001). Conclusions: A favorable change was demonstrated in the responses of the students after the workshops, overalland in all the dimensions of the survey. In the comments, the students highlighted the relevance of learning with students from other careers, describing that it increased their knowledge about different professions and strengthening the impact that this integration has in improving attention and resolving health problems.

Establishment of stem cell curriculum and thinking of teaching practice in graduate education / 医学研究生学报

In order to provide reference for development of the new curriculum for graduate students "The principle,technical and clinical practice of stem cell" and improve the quality of teaching and learning,we summarized some experiences and lessons for this course.This paper introduced some measures and achievements on the teaching reform from several aspects including curriculum design,selection of teaching content,teaching idea and mode,training the teaching groups and so on.Moreover,it especially emphasized that teaching contents should not only pay attention to the basic and clinical application,but also combine the present laws and keep abreast of scientific and technological developments.In the process of teaching,we need to value the quality of teachers and improve teaching standards,meanwhile we should pay attention to the culture of thought and the capacity of innovation,stimulating students' interests in studies,improving autonomous study and practices ability through multiple means and channels.This course teaching got satisfactory results and the acquired practice experiences were worth of being popularized in the further graduate students teaching.

Interdisciplinary research of medical post-doctor / 医学研究生学报

Interdisciplinary research is one of the focus of sci-entific method discussion .In recent years a large number of interdiscipli-nary methods or engaged in interdisciplinary research and collaboration between scientists have won the Nobel prize , once again proved this point.Its profound, interdisciplinary research in the field of medicine it-self also embodies a new paradigm of modern medical science and explo-ration the cross disciplinary research applied to medical postdoctoral training work, aims to cultivate a group of clinicians is an excellent ex-perimental research and know the innovative medical amphibious expert.With the development of modern medicine and the current actual situation , the development of a single subject is far from enough .This article from the interdisciplinary talents cultivation idea or-igin, development of surgery and anatomy , informatics, imaging, such as the development of other disciplines and the close connection between the hot research in twenty-first century To expound the progress of medicine , the need for mutual cooperation between families , and by their respective areas of strengths together to carry out interdisciplinary research .

Territorio y psicología social y comunitaria, trayectorias/implicaciones políticas y epistemológicas / Território e psicologia social e comunitária, trajetórias e implicações políticas e epistemológicas / Territory and social and community psychology, political and epistemological paths/implications

RESUMEN "Territorio" es un concepto originado en el campo disciplinar de la Geografía, que a lo largo del siglo XX ha ido reformulándose según las distintas corrientes del pensamiento social. Es factible reconocer que en la actualidad dicho concepto ha trascendido su ámbito disciplinar y es utilizado profusamente en el campo de las ciencias sociales, en general, y en la Psicología Social y Comunitaria, en particular. Trascendiendo el encuadre disciplinar de la geografía, el presente trabajo se propone realizar un recorrido analítico para comprender las implicancias políticas y epistemológicas que supone el uso del concepto "territorio" para la Psicología Social y Comunitaria. Se sostendrá que lejos de lo que los recortes disciplinares efectúan, "territorio" es un concepto que no está ni ha estado alguna vez exento de determinados supuestos psicosociales; supuestos que desde el presente artículo serán evidenciados considerando las íntimas relaciones entre las disciplinas en cuestión.

RESUMO "Território" é um conceito originado no campo disciplinar da Geografia, que ao longo do século XX foi reformulado de acordo com as diferentes correntes do pensamento social. É possível reconhecer que hoje este conceito transcendeu seu campo disciplinar e é usado extensivamente no campo das ciências sociais em geral e na Psicologia Social e Comunitária, em particular. Transcendendo o enquadramento disciplinar da Geografia, este trabalho propõe uma viagem analítica para compreender as implicações políticas e epistemológicas envolvidas no uso do conceito "território" para a Psicologia Social e Comunitária. Argumentamos que longe de cortes disciplinares, "território" é um conceito que não é, nem nunca foi, isento de determinados pressupostos psicossociais; pressupostos que neste artigo serão evidenciados considerando as relações íntimas entre as disciplinas envolvidas.

ABSTRACT "Territory" is a concept originated in the disciplinary field of Geography, and that throughout the twentieth century has been reformulated according to the different frameworks of social thought. It could be said that, at present time, the concept has transcended its disciplinary field and is been used extensively in the field of social sciences in general, and in particularly, social psychology. Skipping the disciplinary framework, this paper proposes an analysis to understand the political and epistemological implications involved in using the concept of "territory" for the Social and Community Psychology. It will be argued that, far from what disciplinary approaches does, "territory" is a concept that is not and has not ever been exempted from certain psychosocial assumptions; Assumptions that from the present paper will be evident considering the intimate connections between the disciplines involved in it.

Reflexiones e interrogantes sobre la construcción interdisciplinaria en la praxis

Las reflexiones e interrogantes presentes en este artículo devienen del interés de analizar y problematizar al respecto de la construcción interdisciplinaria en la praxis desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Comunitaria. En esta comunicación lo propuesto es convocar al intercambio, en tanto este proceso de producción académica se plantea a partir de una investigación que definió como objetivo general comprender cómo se construye la interdisciplina en la praxis desde el análisis de un caso integrando la perspectiva de referentes calificados. Si bien este estudio cumplió con lo propuesto también potenció el interés en comprender y dialogar con otros, lo que se constituyó en motor para la escritura de este trabajo. Se definió como punto de partida de la reflexión teórica priorizar los enfoqueslatinoamericanos y realizar sin pretensión de exhaustividad una aproximación conceptual a los términos de interdisciplina y praxis. Se integran algunos principios de la Psicología Social Comunitaria en tanto se pretende identificar los aportes que desde esta perspectiva se puedan realizar a la construcción de la interdisciplinariedad en la praxis. Flexibilidad, incertidumbre, movimiento en clave en transformación, apertura, diálogo, hacen a la caja de herramientas a considerar si lo propuesto es trabajar con otros. Las consideraciones finales se plantean en clave de interrogantes en tanto el desafío es preguntarse para procurar generar alternativas transformadoras en los procesos de construcción interdisciplinar.

Psicoanálisis y bioética: psicanálise e bioética / Psychoanalysis and bioethics

Este trabajo busca cómo articular el psicoanálisis y la bioética. Para ello, se revisa cuáles marcos podrían ser adecuados, optando por la transdisciplina. Para una aproximación transdisciplinaria se requiere romper con algunos puntos de la ortodoxia de cada una de las disciplinas que intentan relacionarse, así como el requerimiento de un eje transdisciplinar que no se restrinja a reunir unas visiones de un modo reductible, ni sometible, ni complementario (en el sentido de agregable), sino que las reorganice en un nuevo nivel epistemológico, distinto. El trabajo propone que los puntos de ruptura de la ortodoxia de la relación entre psicoanálisis y bioética podrían ser la realidad tecnocientífica contemporánea y el papel del psicoanalista en un comité de ética. Finalmente, se propone que un posible eje transdisciplinario entre psicoanálisis y bioética puede ser la deliberación, metodología propuesta para la bioética (en cuanto ética de la responsabilidad) por Diego Gracia Guillén.

This paper seeks how to articulate psychoanalysis and bioethics. To do this, it is reviewed what might be an appropriate framework, choosing transdiscipline. For a transdisciplinary approach it is proposed that is required to break some orthodoxy points of each of the disciplines that try to relate, and also the requirement of a transdisciplinary axis that is not restricted to gather some insights in a reducible or bringing under, complimentary (in the sense of mere aggregation), but that reorganize into a new epistemological level, a different one. The paper proposesthat breakpoints of orthodoxy of the relationship between psychoanalysis and bioethics could be the actual contemporary technoscience, and the role of the psychoanalyst in an ethics committee. Finally, it is proposed that a possible transdisciplinary axis between psychoanalysis and bioethics can be deliberation, a proposed methodology for bioethics (understanding it as an ethics of responsibility) done by Diego Gracia Guillén.

Este artigo procura como articular a psicanálise e a bioética. Para fazer isso, se revê quais enquadramentos poderiam ser adequados, optando pela transdisciplina. Para uma abordagem transdisciplinar é necessário quebrar alguns pontos da ortodoxia de cada uma das disciplinas que tentam se relacionar, bem como a exigência de um eixo transdisciplinar que não se restringe a reunir visões de uma forma redutível, nem passíveis nem complementares (no sentido de agradável), mas que sejam reorganizadas num novo nível epistemológico, diferente. O documento sugere que os pontos de quebra da ortodoxia da relação entre psicanálise e bioética podem ser a realidade tecnociência contemporânea e o papel do psicanalista em um comité de ética. Finalmente, propõe-se que um possível eixo transdisciplinar entre a psicanálise e a bioética pode ser a deliberação, metodologia proposta para a bioética (como ética da responsabilidade) por Diego Gracia Guillén.

Ecosalud: Una mirada género sensitiva / Ecohealth: A gender sensitive outlook

To recognize the interdependence between human health and the environment from the perspective of ecohealth, involves a look from the complexity which incorporate the gender category, has represented an epistemological rupture with the universalizing essentialism. The article is divided into three major sections. A first development, which attempts to make visible as it has been the construction of the feminine as an expression of social and sexual division of work impacting relations of knowledge- power -submission and thus, differential forms of living, sick, dying women and their relationships with the ecosystem. The World Health Organization, points out that women are which support larger the impact of climate change and its effects on health, representing almost all of the global deaths from preventable diseases. A second aspect that has to do with the challenges of the approach of eco health, in relation to the construction of knowledge, involving a look ecosystem, transdisciplinary social, gender equity and the community actively participating. Finally, some key moments which allow to specify how have been the advances that have been achieved thanks to the feminist movement, who have been insisting on the need to empower women in such a way that the State and the health sector, to become aware of their right to participate in public affairs.

Reconocer la interdependencia entre la salud humana y el ambiente desde el enfoque de ecosalud, implica una mirada desde la complejidad donde incorporar la categoría de género ha representado una ruptura epistemológica con el esencialismo universalizante. El artículo se estructura en tres grandes apartes. Un primer desarrollo, que intenta visibilizar como ha sido la construcción de lo femenino como expresión de la división social y sexual del trabajo impactando unas relaciones de saber-poder- sumisión y de esta manera, formas diferenciadas de vivir, enfermar, morir de las mujeres y sus relaciones con el ecosistema. La Organización Mundial de la Salud, precisa que las mujeres son las que soportan en mayor magnitud el impacto del cambio climático y sus efectos en la salud, representando casi la totalidad de las muertes mundiales a consecuencia de enfermedades prevenibles. Un segundo aspecto que tiene que ver con los desafíos del enfoque de ecosalud, en lo referente a la construcción del conocimiento, implicando una mirada ecosistémica, transdisciplinaria con equidad social, de género y con la comunidad participando activamente. Finalmente, se hilvanan algunos momentos claves los cuales permiten precisar cómo han sido los avances que se han logrado gracias a los movimientos feministas, quienes han venido insistiendo en la necesidad de empoderar a las mujeres de forma que ellas, el estado y el sector salud, tomen conciencia de su derecho a participar en los asuntos públicos.

Saberes y trayectorias de atención a la salud de poblaciones vulneradas en México: un abordaje interdisciplinario / Knowledge and health care trajectories in damaged population in Mexico: an interdisciplinary approach

El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar la potencialidad que tiene el abordaje interdisciplinario en la comprensión integral del proceso salud/enfermedad/atención de poblaciones vulneradas de tres comunidades, una rural ubicada en el Estado de Oaxaca (Charco Redondo) y dos en la Ciudad de México (Xochimilco y Magdalena Contreras). La experiencia y los saberes (representaciones y prácticas sociales) se recuperan desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes, siguiendo la estrategia basada en aproximaciones multi método. Con base en referentes teóricos y metodológicos compartidos, se revisó el material empírico producido en tres investigaciones previas. El abordaje interdisciplinario se orientó hacia la reinterpretación histórica, antropológica y psicosocial de los saberes y de las trayectorias de búsqueda de atención de la población, para lograr una comprensión más amplia e integradora del proceso salud/enfermedad que contribuya a la elaboración de políticas públicas orientadas a mejorar las condiciones de salud de poblaciones vulneradas. Al final del trabajo se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre los alcances, limitaciones y los retos para impulsar la investigación interdisciplinaria.

Comprensión del significado desde Vygotsky, Bruner y Gergen / Comprehension of the meaning from Vygotsky, Bruner and Gergen

Este artículo es producto de la investigación "El significado desde Lev Semionovich Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner y Kenneth Gergen". Su pretensión es comprender los conceptos de "significado" construidos por estos autores mediante la revisión de varias de sus obras más importantes. El método de investigación utilizado fue el análisis de contenido. También se realizó una meta-observación sobre el trabajo, una vez éste estuvo concluido, lo que requirió establecer nuevas relaciones entre los autores. El análisis permitió descubrir diferencias y puntos de consenso entre los tres autores, en cuanto a la definición de significado, la explicación de su origen y evolución y la delimitación de las funciones que cumple en los seres humanos. Como idea original en Vygotsky se resalta el paso de la significación interpsicológica a la intrapsicológica; en Bruner, la constante negociación de significados entre seres humanos inmersos en una cultura; y en Gergen, la construcción relacional de los significados.

This article is a product of the investigation "The meaning from Lev Semionovich Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner and Kenneth Gergen ". The pretension is to understand the concepts of "meaning" constructed by these authors, by means of the review of some of his works. The method of investigation used was the analysis of content; in addition, there was realized a goal - observation of this work of degree that allowed to establish new relations between the authors. The realized analysis allowed to discover differences and points of consensus between three authors, as for the definition of the meanings, the explanation of his origin and evolution and the delimiting of the functions that these fulfill in the human beings. Since original idea in Vygotsky highlights the step of the interpsychological meaning to the intrapsychologica; in Bruner, the constant negotiation of meanings between human immersed beings in a culture; and in Gergen, the relational construction of the meanings.

A construção do saber da enfermeira na equipe interdisciplinar de serviços de atenção psicossocial / The construction of a nurse´s know-how in an interdiscipline psychosocial service team

O presente estudo tem por objetivos identificar os conhecimentos adquiridos pela enfermeira em sua formação acadêmica, viabilizando a sua prática nos serviços de atenção psicossocial, determinar os conhecimentos por ela apreendidos no cotidiano dos serviços junto à equipe de saúde mental, compreender a articulação de suas ações com as dos demais profissionais da equipe, bem como analisar os componentes que configuram o seu saber no trabalho em equipe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada no referencial teórico-metodológico do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético, uma vez que seus pressupostos possibilitam olhar o fenômeno, dado o caráter histórico, processual e de transformação da prática da enfermeira e de seu saber no contexto de serviços de atenção psicossocial. Para o conhecimento do objeto de estudo, foram estabelecidas como balizas as categorias analíticas práxis e interdisciplinaridade. Os cenários do estudo foram três Centros de Referência em Saúde Mental (CERSAM) da rede pública do município de Belo Horizonte - MG, que constituem campos de estágio e/ou de extensão da disciplina enfermagem psiquiátrica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG. A coleta de dados constou de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete enfermeiras que atuam em cada um desses locais. Para a análise, foi utilizada a técnica de Análise do Discurso. Nesse percurso, revelaram-se temas que possibilitaram o reconhecimento de três categorias empíricas: o trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar, que se configurou como um espaço de saber partilhado e de troca; a identidade profissional da enfermeira, evidenciando-se a indefinição de seu papel e também a afirmação da especificidade pela supervisão de enfermagem e pelo saber clínico; saber/fazer, configurando uma prática assistencial que transita, de modo contraditório, entre a formação acadêmica e as novas propostas que se apresentam nos serviços de atenção psicossocial. A superação dar-se-á a partir da afirmação da especificidade profissional, mas expandindo-a e recompondo-a em novas bases teóricas e práticas.

This thesis is meant to identify the knowledge acquired by a nurse in her academic education, making it possible that knowledge in the psychosocial service. It also determines the abilities she got in the daily work on a mental health team, showing to what extent her own job is connected with the jobs of other people on the team, as well as analyzing the components of her own abilities on the team work. It is a qualitative that is based on the theorical methodological reference of the Dialectical Historic Materalism, since the phenomenon of a nurse´s practice and knowledge in the context of psychosocial service is described in its presupposition, showing its historical and transforming character. The two landmarks of the subject of this work are praxis and interdiscipline. The three Public Mental Health Centers where the research was done are used as places for training nursing students. Data were gotten from interviewing seven nurses who work in each of the three places. The approach used was Discourse Analysis. From the interviews, three empirical categories were found. The first is the interdiscipline team work, which requires sharing and interchanging know-how. The second is the professional identity of a nurse, whose role is sometimes hard to be defined, but at the same time is specific when it requires nursing supervising and clinic knowledge. The third is learning x practicing, showing the paradox between the academic knowledge and the new challenges that appear in the practice of psychosocial service. It is necessary to define the job specifically, but we have also to be prepared for its expansion and redefinition according to new bases that will come from theory and practice