RESUMEN
Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a product of the metabolism of nutrients such as choline by intestinal microbes and liver enzymes. Recent studies have revealed that TMAO may be essential for occurrence and development of cerebrovascular diseases by disturbing the reverse transport of cholesterol, upregulating expressions of macrophage receptors associated with development of atherosclerosis, synthesis of bile acids, vascular endothelial cell inflammation, platelet aggregation and thrombosis. In this paper, we review recent studies about the production of TMAO, and efficacy of TMAO in occurrence and development of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. This review will help us to understand TMAO related pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to identify potential therapeutic targets to facilitate translational research in this field.
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[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes of intestinal microbes in rotenone-induced Parkinson' s disease (PD) mice based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methods Fourteen 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: 6 mice in the control group and 8 mice in the model group. The model mice were injected subcutaneously with rotenone (3 mg/kg) for 5 weeks, and the bod)' weight was measured once a week. After 5 weeks, behavioral tests were perfonned, including the rotating rod test and the open field test. The contents of the tract were used for intestinal microbial detection analysis. Results After 5 weeks of rotenone treatment, the weight of PD mice was significantly lower than that of the control mice(P 0. 05), but the microbial species showed significant differences. Among them, the PD mice showed a significant decrease in the intestinal Turicibacter (P < 0 . 0 1), a significant increase in norank f Lachnospiraceae (P < 0. 01), a significant decrease in norank_f Erysipelotrichaceae(P<0. 01), and a significant increase in Lachnoclostridium{ P<0. 0 1) . Conclusion Intestinal microbes in PD mice are disordered, and these intestinal flora ma)' be involved in the development of dyskinesia in PD mice.
RESUMEN
Osteoporosis, one of the severest diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population, is the result of the disorder of the normal bone turnover process. At present, many studies have shown that bone turnover is closely related to the microbial environment in the human body. The largest microbiota in the human body exists in the intestine and plays an important role in the normal physiological activities of the body, such as nutrition, metabolism, immunity and barrier. Intestinal microbe can regulate endocrine and immune system through a series of processes, thereby affecting the process of bone turnover in the body. This article briefly reviews the current research about the effects of intestinal microbe on the process of bone turnover in the body. It is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis by exploring the relationship between osteoporosis and intestinal microbe.
RESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract ,which comprises two primary forms of Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) .Decades of studies have revealed that environmental factors ,suscepti-bility genes ,and gut microbiota are considered as the major determinants for the induction of IBD .The combination of factors has made IBD as an appropriate and a high-priority platform for studying host-microbiome interactions .More recently ,profiling studies of the intestinal microbe have associated pathogenesis of IBD with characteristic alterations in the composition of the in-testinal microbiota ,reinforcing the viewpoint that IBD results from the altered interplays between the host and intestinal mi-crobe .the studies of the gut flora in IBD were reviewed andthe multiple effects of intestinal microbiota-dysfunction on the IBD were described .The progress of intestinal microbiota alterations with different therapeutic methods in animal models and clinic trials were provided .