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Objective:To analyze the practice of technology transfer and innovation in public hospitals base on intrapreneurship perspective, explain the foundation of intrapreneurship and put forward the frame for measuring the intrapreneurship practice.Methods:Induction method was introduced to summarize the bottleneck in technology transfer and innovation and the basis of intrapreneurship in public hospitals. Documentary study was introduced to summarize the definition of intrapreneurship in public hospitals context, the difference among related definitions were compared and a frame for measurement was preliminarily established.Results:The Constraints for public hospitals in technology transfer and innovation are the restriction from patents and papers to primary products and the restriction in hospital management. Thereupon, traditional innovation theory couldn not explain the future development of public hospitals. The evolution from innovation to intrapreneurship is deeply needed. Extended services, development of technology, upgrade of process and organized research could be employed to measure the intrapreneurship of public hospitals.Conclusions:As active innovators, not passive recipient, physicians can utilize resources of hospitals to minimize risk of innovation to enhance capability against inner and outer change. Intrapreneurship can be employed to explain this kind of practice. Innovation is based on creation of knowledge and technology, Intrapreneurship on the other hand is featured creating value for organization and personnel. Intrapreneurship is different from innovation theoretically. The research on intrapreneurship would enrich the understanding of high-quality development of public hospital. Intrapreneurship is the evolution of public hospitals in the chain of technology transfer.
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RESUMO O fenômeno do intraempreendedorismo tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores e estudiosos ao redor do mundo, especialmente nas últimas duas décadas. A maior parte desses estudos é realizada em empresas do setor privado, devido à intrínseca natureza competitiva do seu ambiente. No setor público, todavia, os estudos sobre o intraempreendedorismo ainda encontram-se escassos ou em fases muito incipientes. Tal ambiente público, contudo, necessita, de maneira premente, de uma estratégia intraempreendedora que estimule a aceitação de riscos, responsabilidades e desafios, eliminando o excesso de formalismo. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é estudar as práticas intraempreendedoras utilizadas em uma instituição federal de pesquisa, bem como as principais barreiras para se ter uma visão intraempreendedora nessa organização. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e auxílio de um estudo de caso. Como resultados, foi possível verificar que as principais práticas utilizadas na organização estão ligadas a maior autonomia dos funcionários, recompensas financeiras e não pecuniárias, permanência limitada nos cargos e a tolerância a erros. Além disso, foram apresentadas as dificuldades nesse processo, sendo o excesso de burocracia e o apego às normas e regulamentos os principais entraves ao intraempreendedorismo.
ABSTRACT Intrapreneurship has attracted the attention of researchers and scholars around the world, especially in the last two decades. Most of these studies are conducted in private companies because of the intrinsic competitive nature of their environment. In the public sector, however, studies on intrapreneurship are still scarce or at very early stages. The public environment, however, urgently needs an intrapreneurial strategy that encourages the acceptance of risks, responsibilities and challenges, eliminating the excess of formalism. Therefore, the focus of this article is to study the intrapreneurial practices of a federal research institution, as well as the main barriers to having an intrapreneurial management in this organization. To achieve this goal, an applied, exploratory and descriptive research was carried out, with a qualitative approach and a case study. As a result, it was possible to verify that the main practices used in the organization are linked to greater employee autonomy, financial and non-pecuniary rewards, limited time in one position and tolerance to errors. In addition, the difficulties in this process are presented, with red tape and adherence to norms and regulations being the main obstacles to intrapreneurship.
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Práctica Profesional , Administración Pública , Emprendimiento , Lugar de Trabajo , CreatividadRESUMEN
Trata-se de um estudo sobre práticas de intra-empreendedorismo em um grupo de trabalhadores de uma empresa cearense, considerada de grande porte, com atuação nacional e internacional, localizada na região metropolitana de Fortaleza. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram identificar e descrever práticas intra-empreendedoras; relacioná-las com o comportamento da alta direção; relacionar o comprometimento dos colaboradores com essas práticas e identificar o estilo de liderança predominante na empresa. Cada pressuposto foi avaliado à luz dos dados encontrados na pesquisa de campo visando responder às perguntas iniciais. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa e descritiva para o estudo de caso. Adotou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada com nove colaboradores fundamentada nas bases conceituais do intra-empreendedorismo. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo, que estabelece um tratamento da informação e frequência das mensagens, classificando em categorias. Observou-se na empresa pesquisada práticas de intra-empreendedorismo incentivadas pela alta direção. Há uma relação entre o comprometimento de seus colaboradores e as práticas de intra-empreendedorismo identificadas, na medida em que as pessoas possuem uma visão clara dos seus objetivos e apresentam atitudes que possibilitam a execução destes objetivos, refletidas no compromisso em viabilizar a visão da empresa. O pressuposto de uma relação entre autonomia e prática de intraempreendedorismo não se confirmou, no entanto, a afirmação teórica sobre a influência da prática intra-empreendedora no suporte organizacional para a inovação e o enfrentamento dos desafios do mercado foram empiricamente reforçados.
This is a study on practices of intrapreneurship in a group of employees of a large company in Ceará, with national and international performance, located in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. The research objectives were to identify and describe intra-entrepreneurial practices, and relate them to the behavior of senior management; to relate the commitment of employees with these practices and identify the dominant style of leadership in the company. Each assumption was evaluated in the light of data found in the research field aiming to answer the initial questions. The methodology was qualitative and descriptive case study. It was adopted as an instrument of data collection, i.e., structured interviews with nine employees based on the conceptual basis of intrapreneurship. For data processing we used the method of content analysis, establishing an information processing and frequency of messages, sorting into categories. We observed in the studied company practices of intrapreneurship encouraged by top management. There is a relationship between the commitment of its employees and the practice of intrapreneurship, to the extent that people have a clear vision of their goals and have attitudes that enable the implementation of these objectives, reflected in the commitment to facilitate the company's vision . The assumption of a relationship between autonomy and practice of intrapreneurship was not confirmed, however, the theoretical statement about the influence of entrepreneurial practice in intra-organizational support for innovation and addressing the challenges of the market were reinforced empirically.