Asociación entre variables de empuje Isométrico de media pierna (EIMP) con variables antropométricas y cualidades físicas en jugadores varones de Rugby Amateurs / Relationships between Isometric Mid-Thigh pull with anthropometric variables and physical qualities in Amateur Rugby players / Relações entre a puxada isométrica do meio da coxa com variáveis antropométricas e qualidades físicas em jogadores amadores de rugby

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil de las variables del EIMP entre las dos posiciones de juego y determinar las posibles asociaciones con las características antropométricas y las cualidades físicas de un grupo de jugadores Rugby amateurs chilenos. Hipótesis: es por eso por lo que podemos plantear como hipótesis la existencia de asociaciones entre las variables de EIMP y las cualidades físicas de los jugadores de RU. Diseño metodológico: este estudio tiene un diseño de cohorte observacional, descriptivo y correlacional. Se investigó la asociación existente entre las variables de EIMP con las pruebas físicas y las variables antropométricas. Fueron evaluados treinta y dos jugadores de rugby varones de nivel amateurs chilenos (promedio ( DE, edad, 23,3 ( 5,4 años). Resultados: para la variable Masa Muscular se encontraron asociaciones grandes (r = 0.53) (p = 0.001) con la FM y asociaciones moderadas (r = 0,48) (r = 0,47) (r = 0,44) (r = 0,46) con F50, F100, F150 y F200 respectivamente. También se pueden observar las asociaciones grandes (R2 = 0,305) (R2 = 0,297) (R2 = 0,267) entre 1RM PB y F200, F100 y F150, respectivamente. Conclusión: en conclusión, este estudio puede demostrar la existencia de asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre algunas de las variables antropométricas y físicos con las variables de Fuerza de EIMP en jugadores de RU amateurs chilenos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the profile of the EIMP variables between two playing positions and to determine its possible associations with anthropometric characteristics and physical qualities of a group of Chilean amateur rugby players. HYPOTHESIS: There are associations between the EIMP variables and the physical qualities of UR players. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: This study has an observational, descriptive and correlational cohort design. The association between the EIMP variables, from the physical tests, and the anthropometric variables was investigated. Thirty-two Chilean amateur-level male rugby players were evaluated (mean ( SD, age, 23.3 ( 5.4 years). RESULTS: For the Muscle Mass variable, large associations were found (r=0.53) (p=0.001) to FM, and moderate associations (r=0.48) (r=0.47) (r=0.44) (r =0.46) to F50, F100, F150, and F200 respectively. Large associations (R2=0.305) (R2=0.297) (R2=0.267) between 1RM PB and F200, F100, and F150, respectively, can also be observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study can demonstrate the existence of statistically significant associations between some of the anthropometric and physical variables and the EIMP Strength variables in Chilean amateur UR players.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil das variáveis EIMP entre as duas posições de jogo e determinar as possíveis associações com as características antropométricas e qualidades físicas de um grupo de jogadores amadores de rugby chilenos. HIPÓTESE: É por isso que podemos hipotetizar a existência de associações entre as variáveis do EIMP e as qualidades físicas dos jogadores do RU. DESENHO METODOLÓGICO: Este estudo tem um desenho de coorte observacional, descritivo e correlacional. Investigou-se a associação entre as variáveis do EIMP com os testes físicos e as variáveis antropométricas. Trinta e dois jogadores de rugby masculinos de nível amador chileno foram avaliados (média ( DP, idade, 23,3 ( 5,4 anos). RESULTADOS: Para a variável Massa Muscular foram encontradas grandes associações (r=0,53ejercicio y cualidades físicos) (r=0,47) (r=0,44) (r=0,46) com F50, F100, F150 e F200 respectivamente. Grandes associações (R2=0,305) (R2=0,297) (R2=0,267) entre 1RM PB e F200, F100 e F150 respebaloncestotambém podem ser observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Em conclusão, este estudo pode demonstrar a existência de associações estatisticamente significativas entre algumas das variáveis antropométricas e físicas com as variáveis EIMP Força em jogadores amadores do RU chilenos.

Fuerza isométrica máxima de cuádriceps e isquiotibiales y funcionalidad luego de la artroplastia total de rodilla / Maximum isometric force of the quadriceps and hamstrings and functionality after total knee arthroplasty

Resumen La gonartrosis es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia en adultos mayores. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los cambios en la fuerza muscular del cuádriceps y su efecto en la funcionalidad de los pacientes operados de artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) sometidos a kinesiterapia en el Hospital El Carmen de Maipú (HEC). A todos los operados de ATR se les midió, pre y post intervención, fuerza isométrica máxima (FIM), Time Up and Go, test de pararse y sentarse, apoyo unipodal y la escala WOMAC. La FIM de la rodilla operada y la no operada, es mayor en flexión y extensión al comparar ambos géneros (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectivamente). En el up and go y la prueba pararse y sentarse el rendimiento fue significativamente superior para el género masculino en relación al femenino (p = 0.001; p = 0.007, respectivamente). En el WO MAC, existieron diferencias significativas pre y post intervención en hombres y mujeres (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectivamente). Los pacientes con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) > 30 kg/m2 tienen 3 veces menos posi bilidades [OR = -3.498; IC (0.062-1.067)] de permanecer en tratamiento en un plazo menor a 50 días. Por otra parte, las lesiones en la rodilla no dominante (izquierda) tiene 4 veces más posibilidades de tratamiento inferior a 50 días [(OR = 2.71; IC (1.000-16.252)]. Existió un aumento de la FIM de la rodilla tratada post intervención, en ambos géneros. La funcionalidad aumentó en hombres y mujeres, posterior a la intervención.

Abstract Gonarthrosis is a highly prevalent disease in older adults. The objective of this re search was to identify changes in quadriceps muscle strength and their impact on the functionality of total knee replacement (TKA) operated patients undergoing kinesitherapy at Hospital El Carmen de Maipú (HEC). All TKA operated patients were measured, pre and post intervention, maximum isometric strength (MIF), Time Up and Go, Standing and sitting test, Unipodal support and the WOMAC scale. The operated and contralateral MIF is higher in flexion and extension when comparing both genders (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectively). In the up and go and the standing and sitting test, performance was significantly higher for males than for females (p = 0.001; p = 0.007, respectively). In the WOMAC, there were significant differences before and after the intervention in men and women (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 are 3 times less likely [OR = -3.498; CI (0.062-1.067)] to receive treatment in a period of less than 50 days. On the other hand, injuries to the non-dominant (left) knee have a 4 times greater chance of stay in treatment in less than 50 days [(OR = 2.71; CI (1.000-16.252)]. There was an increase in MIF of the knee treated post-intervention, in both genders. Functionality increased in men and women, after the intervention.

Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes

La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,414). La potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS), se obtuvo con una carga del 4,0%. Se observaron buenas correlaciones (0,608**-0,869**), entre: FP y potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS) e inferiores (PMMI); fuerza máxima isométrica del tren inferior (FMII) y potencia media fase propulsiva en press pecho (PMPP); fuerza máxima en media sentadilla (1RMS) con fuerza máxima en press pecho (1RMP), potencia media fase propulsiva en media sentadilla (PMPS) y velocidad media propulsiva en press pecho (VMPP); RMP con PMPP, PMMS, PMMI y PMPS; PMMS con PMMI, PMPS y PMPP; PMMI, con PMPS y VMP en media sentadilla (VMPS); salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) con el salto sin contra movimiento SJ ; VMPS con PMPS; PMPSP con PMPP; PMMS con CMJ; VMPP con PMMS; y PMPP con CMJ.

Strength and muscular power have been evaluated in the sports or health context to determine their degree of development, however evidence of the relationship between these two muscular manifestations is limited and contradictory. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between different manifestations of strength and muscular power. Thirty-seven men and thirteen women aged between19 and 23 years participated in this study. We assessed the power and the isometric and dynamic strengthin upper and lower limbs; and size, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. No significant differences were identified between prehensile force (PF) values of left and right hand (p-value<0.414). The maximum power of upper limbs (PMMS) was obtained with a4.0% load. Good correlations were observed (0.608**-0.869**) between: PF and maximum power of upper limbs and lower limbs (PMMI); the maximum isometric force of the lower train (FMII) and the mean power propulsive phase in chest press (PMPP); the maximum force in half squat (1RMS) with maximum force in chest press (RMP), the mean power propulsive in half-squat (PMPS) and the mean propulsive velocity in the chest press (VMPP); the RMP with PMPP, PMMS, PMMI and PMPS; the PMMS with PMMI, PMPS and PMPP; the PMMI with PMPS and the VMP in half squat (VMPS); the counter movement jump (CMJ) with squat jump (SJ); the VMPS with PMPS; the PMPSP with PMPP; the PMMS with CMJ; the VMPP with PMMS; and finally, the PMPP with CMJ.

Evaluation of Lower Limb Muscle Strength with Hand-held Dynamometry in Elderly Based on Grey Relational Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To quantitatively assess the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly. Methods From December, 2016 to March, 2017, 50 old subjects were enrolled. The evaluation indexes of lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly were determined as hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors and ankle plantarflexors with the hand-held dynamometry. The data of 50 subjects were collected and the grey relational analysis model was used to make the decision and evaluation. The grading criteria for lower limb muscle strength of the elderly were given by Manual Muscle Test. Results Totally, 13 elderly subjects were well-matched, and the other 37 subjects were mildly disordered. Conclusion Based on the need for quantitative assessment of muscle strength of the lower limbs in the elderly, an objective evaluation model of the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly was es-tablished, which facilitated to grade the elderly lower extremity muscle strength and then to carry out different rehabilitation guidance.

Evaluation of Lower Limb Muscle Strength with Hand-held Dynamometry in Elderly Based on Grey Relational Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To quantitatively assess the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly. Methods From December, 2016 to March, 2017, 50 old subjects were enrolled. The evaluation indexes of lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly were determined as hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors and ankle plantarflexors with the hand-held dynamometry. The data of 50 subjects were collected and the grey relational analysis model was used to make the decision and evaluation. The grading criteria for lower limb muscle strength of the elderly were given by Manual Muscle Test. Results Totally, 13 elderly subjects were well-matched, and the other 37 subjects were mildly disordered. Conclusion Based on the need for quantitative assessment of muscle strength of the lower limbs in the elderly, an objective evaluation model of the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly was es-tablished, which facilitated to grade the elderly lower extremity muscle strength and then to carry out different rehabilitation guidance.

Clinical Research of Neck-type Cervical Syndrome Treated with Isometric Neck Strength Training / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of isometric neck strength training for the treatment of neck-type cervical syndrome.Methods The qualified patients with neck-type cervical syndrome were divided into two groups by stratified randomization: the treatment group(N=55)received isometric neck strength training,and the control group(N=40) received manipulation treatment.Two weeks constituted one treatmeat course.Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Vernon Cervical Disability Index(VCDI) were used to evaluate the efficacy,and the safety was also monitored.Results All of the 95 enrolled patients were followed up for 3~11.4 months.No aggravation was found in the treatment group,but in the control group one patient developed into cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and one patient developed into sympathetic cervical spondylosis.The frequency of serious neck pain attack within 3 months was 6.65?2.62 times in the control group and 2.27?1.50 times in the treatment group,the difference being significant(P0.05);the result of follow-up on the 3rd month after treatment showed that the difference of VCDI score was significant between the two groups(P

Isometric Evaluation of the Lumbar Extensors in Chronic Low Back pain

The purposes of the study was to measure the normal value of peak torque of lumbar extensors at various degrees of lumbar flexion and to compare this with the chronic low back pain patient. 100 normal subjects, 70 men(age, 49.0+/-.3) and 30 women(age, 48.1+/-.4), completed isometric lumbar extension strength test. 26 low back pain subjects, 9 men(age, 35.3+/-4.7) and 17 women(age, 42.6+/-0.1), completed isometric lumbar extension strength test. Normal male peak torques of lumbar extensors were 125+/-8 Ft-1bs at 0 degree, 164+/-3 at 12 degree, 200+/-3 at 24 degree, 221+/-6 at 35 degree, 241+/-0 at 48 degree, 257+/-0 at 60 degree, and 262+/-1 at 72 degree of lumbar flexion. Normal female peak torques of lumbar extensors were 78+/-4 at 0 degree, 105+/-7 at 12 degree, 120+/-38 at 24 degree, 135+/-5 at 36 degree, 142+/-7 at 48 degree, 151+/-0 at 60 degree, and 157+/-1 at 72 degree of lumbar flexion. Normal peak torques of lumbar extensors increase as degrees of lumbar flexion increase. Body weight in more correlated with peak torque than body mass index. Male peak torques of lumbar extensors with low back pain were 91+/-7 ft-1bs at 0 degree. 129+/-6 at 12 degree, 156+/-7 at 24 degree, 178+/-1 at 36 degree, 197+/-4 at 48 degree, 217+/-1 at 60 degree, and 218+/-2 at 72 degree of lumbar fiexion. Female peak torques of lumbar extensors with low back pain were 45+/-4 at 0 degree, 73+/-8 at 12 degree, 98+/-2 at 24 degree, 117+/-4 at 35 degree, 130+/-0 at 48 degree, 138+/-1 at 60 degree, and 148+/-6 at 72 degree of lumbar fiexion. Peak torques of lumbar extensors with 1cw back pain increase as degrees of lumbar flexion increase. Comparison of the normal male peak torque of lumbar extensors with low back pain group revealed statistical differences at 48 and 72 degree of lumbar extensors. And the female group revealed statistical difference at 0, 12, and 24 degree of lumbar flexion.

EFFECTS ON EMG-REACTION TIME (EMG-RT) BY ISOMETRIC TRAINING OF HEAVY INTENSITY / 体力科学

The present studies were performed to investigate changes of reaction time and increase of muscle strength by isometric training of biceps brachii muscle. The intensity of its training was the three types of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), 70%MVC and 50%MVC. EMG reaction time (EMG-RT) as a function of motor control in center nervous system was measured by isometric contraction on fixed elbow.<BR>After training for 8 weeks period, integrated EMG (IEMG) and power spectorum (mean power frequency, MPF) were increased as a component of muscle strength. IEMG and MPF were increased 83.6% and 16.6% in MVC training group, and were increased 86.2% and 20.8% in 70%MVC training group, and were increased 69.2% and 13.2% in 50%MVC training group. Increase of muscle strength in MVC, 70%MVC and 50%MVC training group increased 36.8%, 42, 3% and 30.6%, respectively. Consequently, decrease of EMG-RT was markdly associated with increase of muscle strength. The heavy intensity of isometric training, MVC and 70%MVC groups, decreased the EMG-RT greater than 50%MVC training group. Therefore, the decrease of training-induced EMG-RT correlated to development of muscle strength due to stimulation by training intensity. These results suggest that the decreased EMG-RT might be due to stimulation on motor central system by muscle training of heavy intensity.

Effects on EMG-reaction time(EMG-RT) by isometric training of heavy intensity / 体力科学

The present studies were performed to investigate changes of reaction time and increase of muscle strength by isometric training of biceps brachii muscle. The intensity of its training was the three types of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), 70%MVC and 50%MVC. EMG reaction time (EMG-RT) as a function of motor control in center nervous system was measured by isometric contraction on fixed elbow.<BR>After training for 8 weeks period, integrated EMG (IEMG) and power spectorum (mean power frequency, MPF) were increased as a component of muscle strength. IEMG and MPF were increased 83.6% and 16.6% in MVC training group, and were increased 86.2% and 20.8% in 70%MVC training group, and were increased 69.2% and 13.2% in 50%MVC training group. Increase of muscle strength in MVC, 70%MVC and 50%MVC training group increased 36.8%, 42, 3% and 30.6%, respectively. Consequently, decrease of EMG-RT was markdly associated with increase of muscle strength. The heavy intensity of isometric training, MVC and 70%MVC groups, decreased the EMG-RT greater than 50%MVC training group. Therefore, the decrease of training-induced EMG-RT correlated to development of muscle strength due to stimulation by training intensity. These results suggest that the decreased EMG-RT might be due to stimulation on motor central system by muscle training of heavy intensity.

The effects of isometric strength training on muscle area and strength in the prepubescent age / 体力科学

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of isometric strength training in prepubescent boys and girls on muscle strength and cross-sectional area of upper arm muscle. Subjects were ninety-nine healthy elementary school children from the 1 st, 3 rd and 5th grades and who were assigned to either training (TG, n=52) or control (CG, n=47) groups. The TG participated in a strength training program for 12 weeks which consisted of three maximaly sustained isometric contractions of elbow flexion for ten sec, twice a day, three days per week, whereas the CG did not participate in a special training program during this period. The cross-sectional areas of whole tissue, muscle, fat, and bone of the upper arm were measured by ultrasonic methods. Maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of elbow flexion and extension were measured by means of a Cybex II. The hand-wrist X-ray photograph was used to estimate the skeletal age (TW 2 method) . Means (SDs) of skeletal age (yrs) were 6.27 (0.98), 8.48 (0.89), and 10.77 (1.22) for 1 st, 3 rd, and 5 th graders, respectively. After the 12-week training period, the cross-sectional area of the whole tissue increased significantly in both TG (8.9%, 2.52 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and CG (7.3%, 2.11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) . This interment in the TG was due to the significant increases in both muscle and bone areas, while that in CG was due to the significant increase only in fat area. Mean increase in muscle area in the TG was 10.3% (1.29 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) with this increase notable in 5th graders (12.5% for males and 12.7% for females) . The increment in cross-sectional area of muscle with training significantly correlated with the skeletal age (r=0.36, p<0.01) . Maximum isometric strength in the TG increased by 5.7% (0.3kg) in flexion and 17.5% (1.2 kg) in extension and in the CG, -0.3 kg (-1.0%) in flexion and 5.7% (0.3 kg) in extension. The increases in the strength of elbow extension were statistically significant in 1st (p<0.01), 3rd (p<0.05), and 5th (p<0.05) grade males. On the other hand, maximum isokinetic strength did not change with training. Muscle strength per cross-sectional area did not show a significant increase except in the training group of 5th grade boys. It was suggested that the effects of strength training on muscle area and strength for prepubescents were similar in its direction to but different in its magnitude from those found in adults.