RESUMEN
In ancient times, there were two types of "Juhong" came from the tangerines(Citrus reticulata) and the pomelos(C. grandis and its cultivars), which corresponded to Juhong and Huajuhong recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia respectively. In different periods, Juhong basically came from the same species and the same medicinal parts, but there were also some differences. This article sorted out the ancient and modern literature, under the guidance of "Succession theory of Medicinal materials varieties" and "Change theory of Medicinal materials varieties"(XIE Zong-wan), and combined with field investigation, the evolution and reasons of the original plants and medicinal parts of Juhong were analyzed. In the Han Dynasty and before, the peel of tangerines and pomelos were both used as medicine. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the way tangerine peel was used was dried and aged, and then "soaked in hot water and scraped off the mesocarp", which had the essence of only using exocarp as medicine of Juhong already, and its original plant was C. reticalata. In the Song Dynasty, the name of "Juhong" and its medicinal usage were recorded in book on materia medica, and the species and medicinal parts of tangerine were inherited from the previous dynasties. The way tangerine peel was used was only dried and aged without removing the mesocarp. The medicinal material obtained by the way was called Chenpi(dried and aged tangerine peel). The item "Juhong" listing as a separate medicinal material was first recorded in the Collected Discussions from Materia Medica(Bencao Huiyan) in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Dao-di habitat of Juhong was recorded as Guangdong province in most books on materia medica, and the original plants probably were C. reticalata and C. grandis 'Tomentosa'(Huazhou pomelo, a special cultivated species of C. grandis produced in Huazhou, Guangdong, which was recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as "Huajuhong"), according to the records in the local chronicles. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the original plants of Juhong were C. reticalata and C. grandis 'Tomentosa'. Of the two, the latter one was considered as the better. As far the medicinal part, it was still the exocarp, while the whole young fruit of C. grandis 'Tomentosa' began to be used as medicine. After the founding of The People's Republic of China, the exocarps of Citrus reticalata, C. grandis and C. grandis 'Tomentosa' were listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under "Juhong". From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Republic of China, C. grandis exocarp was a fake of Juhong. Therefore, it was contradictory to historical records that C. grandis exocarp was listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as Huajuhong. Juhong had been divided into two types as "Juhong" and "Huajuhong" since 1985. The medicinal part of Huajuhong was only the exocarp of immature and nearly mature fruits, but not the whole young fruit, the actual mainstream medicinal part of Huajuhong. The results are helpful to clarify the historical evolution of species and medicinal parts of Juhong and Huajuhong. It is suggested that in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, only C. grandis 'Tomentosa' should be included as the original plant of Huajuhong, and C. grandis should be deleted, and the young fruit should be added in the medicinal parts besides the exocarp of immature and nearly mature fruit.
Asunto(s)
China , Citrus , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Frutas , Materia Medica , Medicina Tradicional ChinaRESUMEN
This study was aimed to investigate the antitussive,expectorant,antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory effect of Ju-Hong Tan-Ke (JHTK) liquid.The methods of cough induced by ammonia in mice and cough induced by citric acid in guinea pigs were used to observe the antitussive effects.The mouse phenolsulfonphthalein excretion method,rat capillary expectoration method and the rabbit tracheal cilia movement influence experiment were used to observe the expectorant effect.An experiment of allergen induced rats' asthma was used to observe the antiasthmatic effects.The anti-inflammatory effect was observed by mouse peritoneal capillary permeability test and xylene induced ear swelling in mice.The results showed that JHTK liquid could inhibit cough induced by ammonia in mice,decrease the frequency of cough induced by citric acid in guinea pig and prolong the latent period of cough.The medicine could also obviously increase phenol red output of trachea in mice,promote expectoration in rats,accelerate the movement of cilium of tracheal transparently and prolong the latent period of asthma induced by allergens in rats,inhibit capillary permeability and lighten ear edema in mouse model.It was concluded that JHTK liquid could inhibit the reflex cough caused by hypersensitivity of airway sensor.It is peripheral antitussive rather than central antitussive,which has significant antitussive,expectorant,antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory effects.Its efficacy is superior or equivalent to positive chemical control medicine.
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This study was aimed to observe the clinical efficacy of Ju-Hong Tan-Ke (JHTK) liquid in the treatment of patients with anemofrigid (or mixing with damp) cough.A total of 70 patients with anemofrigid (or mixing with damp) cough admitted to Chinese medicine clinic in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group (n =50) and the control group (n =20).Patients in the treatment group were treated with 2 JHTK liquid (Guangzhou Xiangxue Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,20 ml),3 times a day.Two She-Dan Chen-Pi (SDCP) liquid (20 ml) was used in the control group,3 times a day.The treatment course was 1 week.Differences of the clinical efficacy of cough and expectoration symptoms between two groups after treatment were compared.The effect of JHTK liquid on different degrees of cough and expectoration was also compared.The results showed that the total effective rate of cough in the treatment group was 92.00％,which was obviously higher than 70.00％ of the control group with statistical difference (P＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of expectoration symptoms in the treatment group was 94.00％,which was obviously higher than 75.00％ of the control group with statistical difference (P＜0.05).The curative effects of JHTK liquid in the treatment of mild,moderate and severe cough were 90.00％,93.75％,and 87.50％,respectively.The curative effects of JHTK liquid on mild,moderate and severe expectoration were 100％,96.77％,and 80.00％,respectively.It was concluded that JHTK liquid can effectively improve cough and expectoration symptoms of patients with anemofrigid (or mixing with damp) cough,especially the clinical curative effect of mild and moderate cough with expectoration was obviously and the effect of severe cough and expectoration was excellent.Its curative effect was superior to SDCP liquid,which is worthy of clinical application.
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AIM: To establish the determination of narigin and hesperidin in Juhong Pills(Exocarpium, Citri Grandis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, etc.). METHODS: The extraction was completed with ether. The Shim-pack ODS(?6.0mm?150mm) column was used with mobile phase of CH 3OH-CH 3COOH-H 2O(30∶4∶60). The detection wavelength was at 283nm. RESULTS: The linear range for narigin was 0.072～1.43?g, r=0.9999 and the linear range for hesperidin was 0.068～1.37?g, r=0.9999, respectively. Both the average recoveries were 99.3% and 99.4%, respectively. Both RSD were 0.6%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is simple and the result is reliable.