Terapia Ocupacional Social e Paulo Freire: Uma Revisão de escopo / Terapia Ocupacional Social y Paulo Freire: una revisión de alcance / Social Occupational Therapy and Paulo Freire: a scoping review

Paulo Freire é um importante autor que sustenta a práxis da Terapia Ocupacional Social. O intuito do presente trabalho é ampliar o escopo e adensar o caráter da presença acadêmica deste autor no campo da Terapia Ocupacional Social, tomando como referência produções científicas brasileiras. Como percurso metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, com levantamento de estudos publicados em quatro periódicos brasileiros e bases de dados internacionais. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando a língua portuguesa. A revisão não definiu período inicial e considerou os artigos disponíveis online até fevereiro de 2023. Foram incluídos 18 estudos que possuem as obras de Freire em suas referências. Pedagogia do oprimido e Educação como prática de liberdade são as obras que mais aparecem nos artigos encontrados. Foi rea-lizado o refinamento das categorias freireanas, e constatou-se a presença de 42 delas, com destaque para conscientização, com onze ocorrências, transformação/ação transformadora e práxis/ação-reflexão, ambas com dez. Com os dados obtidos pelo estudo foi possível constatar o aumento do número de publicações na área da Terapia Ocupacional Social que utilizam o referencial teórico de Freire. A obra do autor tem colaborado de forma significativa na construção de uma Terapia Ocupacional Social problematizadora e emancipatória

Paulo Freire es un autor importante para apoyar la praxis de la Terapia Ocupacional Social. El propósito de este estudio es ampliar el alcance y profundizar en el carácter de la presencia académica de este autor en el campo de la Terapia Ocupacional Social. Como abordaje metodológico, se realizó una revisión de alcance con relevamiento de estudios publicados en cuatro revistas brasileñas y en bases de datos internacionales. Las búsquedas se realizaron solamente en portugués. No se estableció una fecha de inicio y se consideraron artículos disponibles en línea y publicados hasta febrero de 2023. El corpus estuvo constituido por 18 artículos que incluyen obras de Paulo Freire en sus referencias. Pedagogía del oprimido y Educación como práctica de libertadson las obras que más se referencian. Se depuraron las categorías freireanas y se constató la presencia de 42 de ellas, especialmente: concientización, once veces; transformación / acción transformadora y praxis / acción-reflexión, ambas, diez veces. Los resultados permiten constatar el aumento del número de publicaciones en el área de Terapia Ocupacional Social que utilizan el marco teórico de Freire. La obra del autor ha aportado significativamente a la construcción de una Terapia Ocupacional Social problematizadora y emancipadora.

Paulo Freire's work is important to support the praxis of Social Occupational Therapy. The purpose of this study is to expand the scope and deepen the character of the academic presence of Paulo Freire in Social Occupational Therapy. A scoping review was carried out as a methodological approach, including studies in four Brazilian journals and three international databases. The searches were conducted only in Portuguese; no year parameters were stipulated. The review considered articles published at any time up to February 2023. A total of 18 studies with Freire's works in their references were included; "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and "Education, the Practice of Freedom" are the works that mostly appeared in the articles included. The refinement of the Freirean categories was carried out, and 42 categories were verified: conscientization, eleven times, transformation/transformative action, and praxis/action-reflection, both ten times. With the data obtained in the study, it was possible to verify the increase in the number of publications in Social Occupational Therapy that use Freire's theoretical framework. The author's work has contributed significantly to the construction of a problematizing and emancipating Social Occupational Therapy.

Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition of Elite Youth Male Basketball Players - Participants of Junior Euroleague / Características Antropométricas y Composición Corporal de Jugadores de Baloncesto Masculino Juveniles de Élite - Participantes de Junior Euroleague

SUMMARY: The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the junior basketball players of the BC Partizan and BC Buducnost Voli, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 22 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 11 players of the basketball team Partizan (Serbia), of the average age 17.18 ± 0.50, while the other sub-sample consisted of 11 players of basketball team Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), based on the average age of 17.28 ± 0.30. All players were tested in Podgorica, in a lasting period of two days, while they held international friendly tournament, just before the start of the national championships. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the male junior basketball players of two basketball teams were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples. It was found that the basketball players of Partizan are taller and have a lower body mass. Also, there are significant statistical differences by seven: triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold, thigh skinfold and BMI.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre jugadores de baloncesto junior del BC Partizan y BC Buducnost Voli, en cuanto a sus características antropométricas y composición corporal. Una muestra de 22 sujetos se dividió en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra estuvo formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Partizan (Serbia), con una edad media de 17,18 ± 0,50, mientras que la otra estaba formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), cuya edad media era de 17,28 ± 0,30 años. Todos los jugadores fueron evaluados en Podgorica, en un período de dos días, mientras se realizaba un torneo amistoso internacional, precisamente antes del inicio de los campeonatos nacionales. Las características antropométricas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante una batería de once variables: altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg), pliegue cutáneo tríceps, pliegue cutáneo dorsal, pliegue cutáneo bicipital, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de muslos, pliegue cutáneo de pantorrillas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular (kg). Se determinaron las diferencias en las características antropométricas y la composición del cuerpo de los jugadores juveniles masculinos de baloncesto de los dos equipos de baloncesto mediante un procedimiento paramétrico discriminatorio con prueba t para pequeñas muestras independientes. Se encontró que los jugadores de baloncesto del Partizan eran más altos y tenían una masa corporal más baja. Además, existían diferencias estadísticas significativas en los pliegue cutáneos del tríceps, de la espalda, del bíceps, abdominal, de la pantorrilla y del muslo además de diferencias en el IMC.

Estimation of surgically induced astigmatism after small-incision cataract surgery done by junior residents

Purpose: To estimate the postoperative astigmatism after small?incision cataract surgery (SICS) done by junior residents at the end of 1 and 3 months. Methods: This observational longitudinal study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary eye care hospital and research center. 50 patients enrolled in the study underwent manual small incision cataract surgery by junior residents. Preoperative detailed ocular examination was done, which included keratometric estimation using autokeratometer (GR?3300K). Incision length, distance of incision from the limbus, and type of suturing technique were noted. Postoperatively, keratometric readings were noted at 1 and 3 months. Astigmatism (surgically induced astigmatism [SIA]) was estimated using Hill’s SIA calculator version 2.0. All the analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp., USA) software, and the statistical significance was tested at a 5% level. Results: Out of 50 patients, 54% had SIA between 1.5 and 2.5 D and 32% had SIA of more than 2.5 D. Only 14% had SIA less than 1.5 D at the end of 1 month. While 52% had SIA between 1.5 and 2.5 D, 22% had SIA between 1.5 and 2.5 D and 26% had SIA less than 1.5 D at the end of 3 months. Conclusion: The SIA in most of the SICS done by junior residents was above 1.5 D. It depended mainly on the incision length, its distance from the limbus, and the suturing technique.

Validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas de base (VSES-B) / Validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para deportistas jóvenes (VSES-B) / Validation of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for youth athletes (VSES-B)

The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Brazilian athletes from youth categories. The study was conducted in four stages, with four different sample groups. For content-based evidence analysis, a group of 20 athletes participated, with a mean age of 14.30 ± 1.17 years and practice time of 4.60 ± 2.10 years, for semantic analysis, after a group of four students, with a mean age of 35.75 ± 12.23 years and experience time 25.0 ± 11.02 years, to verify the semantic analysis and another group of 20 athletes, with a mean age of 14.45 ± 1.30 years and practice time 5.50 ± 2.20 years for the pilot study. To test the evidence based on the internal structure and the evidence based on other variables, a group of 454 base athletes, of both sexes, with a mean age of 14.33 ± 1.18 years and practice time 3.79 ± 2.13 years was verified. The results pointed to evidence based on content, evidence based on internal structure and evidence based on other variables, through convergent validity (collective efficacy and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and discriminant (Average Variance Extracted and correlation between the dimensions of the VSES-B). The validation process of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Base Athletes allows us to conclude that the instrument has good psychometric properties to measure self-efficacy, considering technical, tactical, conditioning and psychological skills of emotional cognitive self-control that are part of the sport context of the modality. In addition, it provides relevant information for the development of future psychometric research based on contemporary validity references.

El objetivo de este estudio fue probar psicométricamente la Escala de Autoeficacia del Voleibol para deportistas brasileños de categorías juveniles. El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro etapas, con cuatro grupos de muestra diferentes. Para el análisis de evidencia basada en contenido, participó un grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.30 ± 1.17 años y tiempo de práctica de 4.60 ± 2.10 años, para el análisis semántico, después de un grupo de cuatro académicos, con una edad media de 35.75 ± 12.23 años y tiempo de experiencia 25.0 ± 11.02 años, para verificar el análisis semántico y otro grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.45 ± 1.30 años y tiempo de práctica 5.50 ± 2.20 años para el estudio piloto. Para probar la evidencia basada en la estructura interna y la evidencia basada en otras variables, se verificó un grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 14.33 ± 1.18 años y tiempo de práctica 3.79 ± 2.13 años. Los resultados apuntaron a evidencia basada en contenido, evidencia basada en estructura interna y evidencia basada en otras variables, mediante validez convergente (eficacia colectiva y resultados del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio) y discriminante (Varianza Media Extraída y correlación entre las dimensiones del VSES-B). El proceso de validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para Atletas de Base nos permite concluir que el instrumento tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para medir la autoeficacia, considerando las habilidades técnicas, tácticas, condicionantes y psicológicas de autocontrol cognitivo emocional que forman parte del contexto deportivo de la modalidad. Además, proporciona información relevante para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones psicométricas basadas en referencias de validez contemporáneas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar psicometricamente a Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas brasileiros de categorias de base. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro etapas, com quatro diferentes grupos amostrais. Para análise das evidências baseadas no conteúdo, participaram um grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.30 ± 1.17 anos e tempo de prática 4.60 ± 2.10 anos, para análise semântica, logo após um grupo de quatro acadêmicos, com média de idade 35.75 ± 12.23 anos e tempo de experiência 25.0 ± 11.02 anos, para verificação da análise semântica e outro grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.45 ± 1.30 anos e tempo de prática 5.50 ± 2.20 anos para o estudo piloto. Para testar as evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e as evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, um grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade 14.33 ± 1.18 anos e tempo de prática 3.79 ± 2.13 anos foi verificado. Os resultados apontaram para evidências baseadas no conteúdo, evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, por meio da validade convergente (eficácia coletiva e resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória) e discriminante (Variância Média Extraída e correlação entre as dimensões da VSES-B). O processo de validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para Atletas de Base permite concluir que o instrumento possui boas propriedades psicométricas para mensurar a autoeficácia, considerando aspectos técnicos, táticos, condicionantes e habilidades psicológicas de autocontrole cognitivo emocional que fazem parte do contexto esportivo da modalidade. Além disso, fornece informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas psicométricas futuras baseadas em referências contemporâneas de validade.

Effect of parent-child cohesion on internalizing problems of junior high school students: the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of sibling relationships / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of self-esteem and sibling relationships on the links of parental cohesion and internalizing problems in junior high school students based on the family system theory.Methods:A total of 565 junior high school students were investigated with the sibling relationship questionnaire, parent-child cohesion questionnaire, self-esteem scale and internalizing problems questionnaire from April to June 2021.SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis.PROCESS was used to examine the mediating and moderating effect.Results:Maternal-child cohesion was positively correlated with self-esteem and sibling warmth ( r=0.36, 0.58, both P<0.01), while it was negatively correlated with internalizing problems and sibling conflict ( r=-0.29, -0.25, both P<0.01). Similarly, paternal-child cohesion was positively correlated with self-esteem and sibling warmth ( r=0.37, 0.51, both P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with internalizing problems and sibling conflict ( r=-0.36, -0.21, both P<0.01). The self-esteem played a partial mediating role between maternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems ( β=-0.09, 95% CI=-0.14--0.05), and the mediating value was 30.13%.The self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between paternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems ( β=-0.07, 95% CI=-0.11--0.04), and the mediating value was 25.36%.Sibling warmth could improve the positive effect of maternal-child cohesion on self-esteem ( β=0.06, 95% CI=0.01-0.11), while could offset the negative effects of low level of maternal-child cohesion against the internalizing problems ( β=0.10, 95% CI=0.04-0.16). But sibling conflict did not significantly predict the effects of maternal-child cohesion on self-esteem and internalizing problems.Similarly, sibling warmth could improve the positive effect of paternal-child cohesion on self-esteem ( β=0.05, 95% CI=0.01-0.09), while could offset the negative effects of low level of paternal-child cohesion against the internalizing problems ( β=0.09, 95% CI=0.03-0.15). But sibling conflict could reduce the positive impact of paternal-child cohesion and self-esteem ( β=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.09--0.01), while had no effect on the impact of paternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems. Conclusion:Parent-child cohesion not only directly affects the internalizing problems, but also indirectly affects the internalizing problems through the self-esteem.Positive parent-child cohesion and sibling warmth relationships can improve the individual's self-esteem level and reduce the internalizing problems.

Exploring physical and functional factors associated with lateral ankle sprains in junior high school basketball players / 体力科学

Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common sport-related injuries among basketball players. Most basketball players experience a first LAS particularly in junior high school. Thus, it is crucial to develop effective prevention strategies for LAS in junior high school populations. However, the characteristics for first-time LAS are not clear. This study aimed to compare the physical and functional characteristics of junior high school basketball players with and without a history of LAS. Two hundred and thirty-eight junior high school basketball players (128 boys and 110 girls) volunteered for this study. We asked participants to complete a self-reported injury history questionnaire. We also assessed physical functions, including range of motion, muscular strength, dynamic balance, and performance. The prevalence of LAS was 75.6% (boys: 73.4%, girls: 78.2%). Boys with a history of LAS had significantly higher height, body mass, and BMI compared to those without a history of LAS (p<0.05). Girls with a history of LAS had significantly lower scores on the star excursion balance test in the anterior reaching direction compared with the control group (p=0.015). Various measures of physical function were associated with LAS, but these associations were different between boys’ and girls’ basketball players. These findings from this study indicate that clinicians should identify sex-specific impairments associated with LAS when designing targeted intervention programs.

CAUSES OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG JUNIOR COLLEGE LECTURERS

Occupational stress is a noticeable and widespread aspect of contemporary businesses. The right amount of stress may motivate someone and boost performance, while too much stress results in poor performance. One of the jobs with the highest stress is teaching. Psychiatric disorders can result from excessive stress. The study's goal is to identify the main factors contributing to junior college lecturers' stress. The present study involves 79 lecturers from private junior colleges (43 male and 36 female). Two sections (Part A & B) make up the questionnaire. Part-A contains demographic data on junior college lecturers, and Part-B has nine stress-related factors against which lecturers have to give ranking from most stress factor 1 to least stress factor 9. Statistical analysis employs the Garrett ranking approach. The ?ndings show that lecturers experience the highest stress from students' misbehavior, followed by work pressure and no job security.

Expectativas y realización profesional en Cirugía General y subespecialidades quirúrgicas: situación actual de los cirujanos jóvenes en Córdoba / Expectations and professional fulfillment in general surgery and surgical sub-specialties: current situation of young surgeons in Cordoba

RESUMEN Antecedentes: en la Argentina, la especialidad Cirugía General se encuentra en crisis y esta situación alarmante se halla vinculada a las malas condiciones laborales del cirujano general. Objetivo: describir la percepción que el cirujano joven tiene al terminar su programa de formación, en relación con su perspectiva laboral, actividad quirúrgica y académica. Material y métodos: estudio transversal basado en una encuesta dirigida a cirujanos jóvenes en Córdoba, Argentina. Resultados: participaron 53 encuestados. El 58% eran hombres y la mediana de edad fue 32 años. El 72% ejercía Cirugía General y el 55% trabajaba en el sector privado. El 34% pertenecía a la Asociación de Cirugía de Córdoba y el 23% a la Asociación Argentina de Cirugía. En cuanto a la experiencia profesional, el 53,1% eran cirujanos junior y el 64% eran competentes para realizar procedimientos de baja o mediana complejidad. En relación con la perspectiva laboral, el 89% consideró que el cirujano joven no consigue salida laboral rápida y el 96,2% refirió que sus prácticas no eran bien remuneradas. Respecto de la calidad de vida personal y laboral, el 57% manifestó frustración e incertidumbre económica. En cuanto a las cirujanas, la tasa de inequidades de género y hostigamiento sexual en el ámbito laboral fue del 73% y 50%, respectivamente. Conclusión: encontramos la percepción de un bajo nivel de competencia para las cirugías de mayor complejidad y una baja tasa de adherencia a sociedades quirúrgicas. Debido a la escasa oferta laboral existe gran frustración e incertidumbre económica. Actualmente, predomina y persiste el maltrato y hostigamiento hacia las cirujanas.

ABSTRACT Background: In Argentina, the specialty of general surgery is in crisis, and this alarming situation is associated with the poor working conditions of general surgeons. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the perception of young surgeons at the end of their training program, in relation to their job prospects, surgical and academic activity. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a survey responded by young surgeons in Cordoba, Argentina. Results: The survey was responded by 53 young surgeons; 58% were men and median age was 32 years. Seventy-two percent practiced general surgery and 55% worked in the private setting. Thirtyfour percent were members of Asociación de Cirugía de Córdoba and 23% belonged to Asociación Argentina de Cirugía. As for professional experience, 53.1% were junior surgeons and 64% were capable of performing low or medium complexity procedures. Eighty-nine percent considered that young surgeons do not get a job quickly and 96.2% reported that they were not well paid for their practice. When asked about their personal and professional quality of life, 57% expressed frustration and economic uncertainty. Among women surgeons, 73% reported gender inequities and 50% reported sexual harassment in the workplace. Conclusion: Young surgeons perceived they had low level of competencies for high complexity surgical procedures and reported low rate of membership in surgical societies. Most of them feel frustrated due to scarce job opportunities and expressed economic uncertainty. Nowadays, abuse and harassment of women surgeons still prevails and persists.

Electronic cigarette use among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its influencing factors among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into school-based tobacco control.@*Methods@#Grade 1 to 3 junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from September to December, 2021. The participants' demographic features, e-cigarette use and exposure to tobacco advertising were collected using the Chinese version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting the intention to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#The 1 677 respondents included 875 boys (52.18%) and 802 girls (47.82%), and grade 1 to 3 junior high school students consisted of 33.93%, 35.00% and 31.07% of all respondents, respectively. There were 1 461 students that had heard of e-cigarettes (87.12%), 101 students with intention to use e-cigarettes (6.02%), and 24 current users (1.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified living in rural areas (OR=2.364, 95%CI: 1.442-3.875), having close friends that were smokers (OR=5.614, 95%CI: 3.404-9.258), having seen smoking via TV, video or movie in the past 30 days (OR=2.106, 95%CI: 1.259-3.523), having received free tobacco products (OR=3.887, 95%CI: 1.172-12.894), considering e-cigarettes as nicotine-free (OR=208.442, 95%CI: 55.713-779.856), and considering smoking making comfortable at party (OR=4.534, 95%CI: 1.853-11.090) as factors affecting intention to use e-cigarettes. There were 38.04% (638/1 677) of junior high school students with exposure to advertisements for e-cigarettes and related products, and stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, grocery, e-cigarette experience stores or offline retail stores were the primary places to contact e-cigarettes and related products.@*Conclusions@#The percentage of intention to use e-cigarettes was low among junior high school students of health promotion schools in Xihu District in 2021, and their intention to use e-cigarettes was mainly affected by close friends' smoking status and personal recognition.

Investigation on myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei Province with different selenium content / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei province with different selenium content, and analyze the correlation between the level of serum selenium, hair selenium and myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study. A total of 600 students from grades 1-3 of junior high schools(100 students in each grade)in selenium-rich(selenium in soil ≥1.28mg/kg)and selenium-deficient(selenium in soil &#x003C;1.28mg/kg)areas were randomly selected from September 2020 to September 2021, respectively. The level of serum selenium, hair selenium, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and myopia condition were determined.RESULTS:The serum and hair selenium of myopic group(n=244, 40.7%)were 75.14±11.16μg/L and 0.51±0.01μg/g, respectively. Those in the non-myopic group(n=356, 59.3%)were 110.24±12.14μg/L and 0.68±0.02 μg/g, respectively. The serum selenium and hair selenium in the two groups were different(all P&#x003C;0.01). The serum selenium of 300 students in the selenium-deficient area was 76.74±11.25μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.45±0.01 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 154(51.3%); The serum selenium of 300 students in selenium-rich areas was 102.31±10.26 μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.71±0.02 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 90(30.0%), the serum and hair selenium in the selenium-rich areas were significantly higher than those compared with the students in selenium-deficient areas, and the myopic incidence was significantly reduced(all P&#x003C;0.01). The level of GSH-Px of the two areas was 114.65±12.12U/L vs 75.34±13.20U/L(Z=37.994, P&#x003C;0.01). There is a negative correlation between serum and hair selenium and the myopic incidence(r=-0.542, -0.621, P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:Serum and hair selenium is significantly associated with myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, which may provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of myopia.

Survey on anxiety and depression among the third-year junior high school students in Nanning city / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo study the anxiety and depression status of the third-year junior high school students in Nanning city， and to discuss their relationships with test anxiety， so as to provide references for targeted psychological intervention for students. MethodsFrom May to June， 2021， a simple random sampling method was adopted to randomly enroll three classes of third-grade students from one junior high school in each district and county of Nanning city. The selected students were assessed using Test Anxiety Scale （TAS）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）. Thereafter， Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation among each scale score. ResultsA total of 2 080 students participated in the survey， and 1 826 （87.79%） valid questionnaires were collected. Among them， 999 students （54.71%） felt uncomfortable due to the test. Anxiety and depression were detected in 577 （31.60%） and 830 （45.45%） students， respectively. TAS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（16.75±6.78） vs. （15.08±6.97）， t=-5.136， P<0.01］， SAS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（46.05±10.43） vs. （44.16±10.87）， t=-3.769， P<0.01］， and SDS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（52.34±12.44） vs. （49.98±12.17）， t=-4.039， P<0.01］. Correlation analysis showed that SAS and SDS scores were positively correlated with TAS score （r=0.574， 0.531， P<0.01）， and the correlation still existed after further controlling for age and gender （r=0.570， 0.526， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe third-year junior high school students in Nanning city suffer a high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression， and the two psychological states have positive relations with TAS. Furthermore， both anxiety and depression are more severe in female students than in male students.

Effect of somatotype on the general physical fitness tests and throwing velocity on handball

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effects of the somatotype components on handball. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 elite junior handball players. Somatotype was evaluated using the Heath & Carter method. The kinetic performance trials of the handball athletes were running speed performance over 5 m 10 m and 20 m sprints, sit and reach, standing long jump (SLJ), ball velocity, and maximum aerobic power. For the data analyses, we used Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: The endomorphic component correlated positive with all three sprint times (5 m, 10 m και 30 m sprints) (r = 0.315, p = 0.014; r = 0.367, p = 0.004; r = 0.358, p = 0.005 respectively) while negative with SLJ (r = -0.418, p = 0.001) και maximum aerobic power (r = -0.322, p = 0.012). The mesomorphic component had a positive correlation with ball velocity (r = 0.260, p = 0.045) and negative relation with SLJ (r = -0.261, p = 0.044). The ectomorphic component exhibited a negative correlation only with ball velocity (r = -0.260, p = 0.045). The ordinary least square regression models found that endomorphy and ectomorphy were prognostic factors and predicted worse performance in all of the examined motor performance indices except ball velocity and 5 m sprint, while mesomorphy was a predictor of worse performance in SLJ. Conclusions: In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, somatotype components play an important role in performance-related parameters.

Differences in body composition between water polo players (U18) of the Southeast Europe top clubs / Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los jugadores de waterpolo (U18) de los mejores clubes del sudeste de Europa

SUMMARY: This research aimed to determine the differences between the junior (U18) water polo players of five Croatian and one Montenegrin clubs in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. The first sample of the subjects consisted of 14 players of the water polo club Mladost average age 17.57±0.65, the second sample consisted of 11 players of the water polo club Sibenik (17.82±0.65), the third sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Primorje (17.23±1.01), the fourth sample consisted of 15 players of the water polo club Mornar (17.13±0.64), the fifth sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Medvescak (17.92±0.76) and the sixth sample consisted of 10 players of the water polo club Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17.70±1.34). In the 2010-11 season, these clubs participated in Regional Water Polo League, commonly known as the Regional League or Adriatic League in Southeast Europe. The measurements was conducted in the competition season in the period September-December 2010, at sports centers and swimming pools of water polo clubs that participated in the research. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated using a battery of 12 variables: body height, body weight, arm length, arm span, leg length, foot length, chest skinfold, triceps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold and body mass index. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of six teams in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition were determined using ANOVA and an LSD Post Hoc test.Based on the central and dispersion parameters, it can be stated that the values of all the variables are highly similar to all of the water polo players of these six clubs. The ANOVA test found that the water polo players of the six international clubs do not have statistically significant differences in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo juvenil (U18) de cinco clubes croatas y uno montenegrino en las características antropométricas y la composición corporal. La primera muestra estuvo conformada por 14 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mladost de una edad promedio 17,57 ± 0,65 años, la segunda muestra estuvo conformada por 11 jugadores del club de waterpolo Sibenik (17,82 ± 0,65), la tercera muestra estuvo conformada por 13 jugadores de waterpolo del club Primorje (17,23 ± 1,01), la cuarta muestra estuvo formada por 15 jugadores del club de waterpolo Mornar (17,13 ± 0,64), la quinta muestra estuvo formada por 13 jugadores del club de waterpolo Medvescak (17,92 ± 0,76) y la sexta muestra consistió en 10 jugadores del club de waterpolo Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17,70 ± 1,34). En la temporada 2010-11, estos clubes participaron en la Liga Regional de Waterpolo, comúnmente conocida como la Liga Regional o Liga Adriática en el sudeste de Europa. Las mediciones se realizaron en la temporada de competencias en el período septiembre-diciembre de 2010, en los polideportivos y piscinas de los clubes de waterpolo que participaron en la investigación. Las características antropométricas y la composición corporal se evaluaron utilizando una batería de 12 variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, longitud del brazo, extensión del brazo, longitud de la pierna, longitud del pie, pliegue del pecho, pliegue del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior de la pierna e índice de masa corporal. Se calcularon los parámetros estándar central y de dispersión de todas las variables. Se determinó la significancia de las diferencias entre los jugadores de waterpolo de seis equipos en las variables de evaluación de características antropométricas y composición corporal mediante ANOVA y un test LSD Post Hoc. Con base en los parámetros central y de dispersión, se observó que los valores de todas las variables eran muy similares en todos los jugadores de waterpolo de estos seis clubes. La prueba ANOVA mostró que los jugadores de waterpolo de los seis clubes internacionales no tienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables para evaluar características antropométricas y composición corporal.

Unprofessional behaviour of junior doctors: a retrospective analysis of outcomes by the Singapore Medical Council disciplinary tribunals

INTRODUCTION@#This is a retrospective analysis of outcomes by Singapore Medical Council (SMC) disciplinary tribunals in cases involving junior doctors. We aimed to classify the types of unprofessional behaviour and consider appropriate measures for remediation and prevention.@*METHODS@#SMC's annual reports from 1979 to 2017 and published grounds of decision from 2008 to 2017 were examined using two screening levels to identify cases involving junior doctors. Cases were sorted into five outcome categories: (a) professional misconduct; (b) fraud and dishonesty; (c) defect in character; (d) disrepute to the profession; and (e) acquitted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 317 cases were identified, of which 13 (4.1%) involved junior doctors: 4 (30.8%) cases involved professional misconduct, 4 (30.8%) cases involved fraud and dishonesty, 3 (23.1%) cases saw an acquittal, and one case each involved defect in character and disrepute to the profession. The four cases of professional misconduct highlight the need to differentiate medical errors due to systems factors from those due to individual culpability, by applying analytical tools such as root cause analysis and Unsafe Act Algorithms. Disciplining the individual alone does not help prevent the recurrence of similar medical errors. We found that fraud and dishonesty was an important category of unprofessional behaviour among junior doctors.@*CONCLUSION@#While the frequency of unprofessional behaviour among junior doctors, as determined by the SMC disciplinary tribunal, is low (4.1%), this study highlights that complaints against medical doctors often involve systems issues and individual factors. Unprofessional behaviours related to fraud and dishonesty need special attention in medical school.

Health literacy of junior high school students in Jiaxing and its influencing factors / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the health literacy level and its influencing factors among junior high school students in Jiaxing, so as to provide basis for health promotion of adolescents. @*Methods@#The junior high school students who had been studying and living in Jiaxing for more than six months were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect general information and health literacy level (including basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behaviors, and basic skills) of these selected students. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for health literacy.@*Results @#Of 1 773 questionnaires collected, 1 738 were valid, accounting for 98.03%. The level of health literacy in the junior high school students in Jiaxing was 22.84% ( 95%CI: 20.87%-24.82% ), The levels of basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behaviors, and basic skills were 55.29% ( 95%CI: 52.95%-57.63% ), 21.75% ( 95%CI: 19.81%-23.69% ), 53.05% ( 95%CI: 50.70%-55.40%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the second grade and above ( OR: 1.609-1.835, 95%CI: 1.195-2.459 ), mother's educational level of technical secondary school/senior high school and above ( OR: 1.965-1.976, 95%CI: 1.276-3.357 ), and self-rated academic achievement of medium and above ( OR: 1.881-2.441, 95%CI: 1.359-3.335 ) were the promoting factors for health literacy level of junior high school students; self rated health status as unhealthy ( OR=0.254, 95%CI: 0.089-0.721 ) was an obstructive factor.@*Conclusions@#The health literacy level of the junior high school students in Jiaxing was 22.84%. The level of healthy lifestyle and behaviors was the lowest in three aspects. Grade, mother's educational level, self-rated academic performance and self-rated health status may have impacts on health literacy level of junior high school students.

Comparison of the emergency effect between visual laryngoscopee and traditional laryngoscope / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and advantage of visual laryngoscope in the treatment of patients with sudden cardiac arrest who need spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation.Methods:Totally 60 patients who suffered from cardiac arrest and needed spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation were enrolled from June 2020 to February 2021 in the Affilicated Hospital of Chifeng University. Theywere randomlydivided into two groups-traditional laryngoscope (TL) group and visual laryngoscope (VL) group, with30 patients in each group. Then the success rate of glottis exposure, the operative time, success rate and complication rate of tracheal intubation were compared between the two groups. Subgroup assessment between the junior emergency resident doctor (A group) and the senior emergency resident doctor (B group) was conducted.Results:According to Cormack Lehan grades, the success rate of glottis exposure in VL group was higher than that in TL group ( P>0.05), and the success rate of Grade I in VL group was significant higer than that in TL group: 56.70%(17/30) vs. 30.00%(9/30), P<0.05. The trial times of successful intubation cases and the operative time of successful intubation cases were significantly less than those in TL group (1.30 vs 1.67, P = 0.049) and (56.37 s vs 67.12 s, P<0.05). In the subgroup, the one-time success rate of tracheal intubation in A-TL group was significantly lower than that in B-TL group (4/15 vs. 11/15, P<0.05), while the one-time success rate of tracheal intubation in A-VL group was 60.00%, which is lower than that in B-VL group ( P>0.05). The operative time consumed for successful intubation in A-TL group was significantly longer than that in B-TL group: 78.00 s vs. 55.57 s, P<0.05, while the operative time in A-VL group was a little longer than that in B-VL group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual laryngoscope used in spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation can not only increase the success rate of glottis exposure, decrease trial times and shorten operative time of intubation, but also improve the success rate and decrease the complication rate of emergency tracheal intubation.

Nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Yichun City， Jiangxi Province / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the basic nutrition situation of primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Yichun City， and to provide corresponding strategies and measures for the improvement of the nutrition of children and adolescents. Methods:A stratified sampling method was used to select the urban primary and secondary school students in 10 counties （cities， districts） in Yichun City from 2019 to 2020 for physical examinations to assess their nutritional status. Results:Among 8 921 primary and middle school students surveyed， 62（0.69%） were stunted in growth， 735（8.24%） were emaciated， 1 130（12.67%） were overweight， and 662（7.42%） were obese. The weight loss rate of primary school students was the highest （10.54%， 360/3 414）， followed by junior middle school students （7.07%， 214/3 026）， and senior high school students （6.49%， 161/2 481）. The difference was statistically significant （χ2=39.51， P<0.05）. The proportion of unbalanced nutritional status of boys was 35.66% （1 578/4 425）， which was higher than that of girls （22.49%， 1 011/4 496）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=187.91， P<0.01）. Conclusion:Both malnutrition and overweight/obesity exist in primary and middle school students in Yichun City. We should pay special attention to boys and lower grade students， and intervene different nutritional problems.

The Significance of Online Interviews in the Examination for Recruitment of Junior Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic / 医学教育

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some hospitals conducted online interviews. Reports on applicants’ and interviewers’ perceived differences between online and in-person interviews for the recruitment of junior residents are relatively lacking in Japan. Methods: We administered a questionnaire to all applicants and interviewers participated in the 2020 residency recruitment interview held in our hospital. Results: 70 of 96 applicants (72.9%) and all of 24 interviewers responded. Forty one of 70 applicants (58.6%) felt they were able to show their ability in online interviews as well as in-person interviews. Thirty seven of 70 (52.9%) and 40 of 70 (57.1%) applicants felt they could convey passion and personality better during in-person interviews, respectively. Twenty of 24 (83.3%) and 13 of 24 (54.2%) interviewers felt applicants could show their ability and convey their passion in online interviews as well as in-person. Thirteen of 24 (54.2%) interviewers felt applicants could convey their personality in in-person interviews better. Seventeen of 70 (24.3%) applicants would choose in-person interviews if given the next chance for interviews. Thirty nine of 70 (55.7%) applicants would like to choose in-person interviews though they could accept online interviews. Ten of 24 (41.7%) interviewers thought only in-person interviews should be performed next year. Nine of 24 (37.5%) interviewers thought both in-person and online interviews should be performed next year. Conclusion: If the COVID-19 pandemic persists, online interviews can be considered as an option though the results indicate that in-person interviews are preferable.

Current occupational engagement of junior nursing staff and its structural equation modeling / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the status quo of occupational engagement of junior nurses and related influencing factors, and to provide reference for managers to develop a positive incentive mechanism.Methods:From November 2020 to December 2020, 255 junior nursing staff with less than or equal to 3 years seniority at 3 tertiary general hospitals in Tianjin were selected. Questionnaire surveys were made on their occupational engagement, occupational values, job satisfaction for nursing, and general self-efficacy. Descriptive analysis and t test were used to probe into their current occupational engagement, and build a relational model on the occupational satisfaction, and the relational model of between their occupational values and self-efficiency in general of these nursing staff. Results:The total scoring of the occupational engagement scale for 255 junior nursing staff was 78.47±19.93, which was higher than the domestic norm level, and the difference was statistically significant( t=11.48, P<0.001). The results of the structural equation model showed that the overall effect on the occupational engagement of junior nurses from high to low were as follows: self-efficacy( β=0.599), professional values( β=0.323)and job satisfaction( β=0.275). Conclusions:These nursing staff feature high occupational engagement. Hospital administrators are recommended to strength training, provide timely support and incentives for their sustained improvement of self-efficiency, meet their individual career development needs for higher job satisfaction, and focus on shaping their occupational values as well.

Anxiety and depression status and influencing factors among junior high school students in Nanqiao， Fengxian District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the current status of anxiety/depression and the influencing factors in junior high school students in Nanqiao Town， and to provide the objective evidence for relevant departments to promote the mental health of junior high school students. Methods:The stratified cluster sampling was used in this study. A total of 1 154 junior high school students from 4 out of 7 schools in Nanqiao Town were selected to participate in the survey. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect basic information. The Chinese Middle School Students Anxiety Scale and the Chinese Middle School Students Depression Scale were used to assess anxiety and depression. Results:The detection rates of anxiety and depression in junior high school students in Nanqiao Town were 27.3%（298/1 092） and 12.6%（138/1 092）， respectively. The detection rates of anxiety and depression in boys were 25.9%（147/568） and 12.2%（69/568）， respectively， while the rates in girls were 28.8%（151/524） and 13.2%（69/524）. There was no statistical difference between genders （χ2= 1.184，0.257， All P<0.05）. With gradual increase in grade， the detection rate of depressive symptoms also gradually increased （χ2=12.393，P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors of anxiety were： foreign household registration （OR=2.2）， low learning interest （OR=3.8）， self-perceived learning pressure （OR=14.5） or moderate learning pressure （OR=3.8）， average personality （OR=1.5）， poor relationship with parents （OR=2.2）， and normal relationship with family （OR=2.0）. The independent influencing factors of depression included： moderate learning interest （OR=2.8） or low （OR=11.1）， self-consciousness high learning pressure （OR=4.1）， average personality （OR=1.9）， average relationship with family members （OR=2.0） or poor relationship with family members （OR=6.5）， and poor relationship with classmates and friends （OR=10.4）. Conclusions:The mental health of junior high school students in Nanqiao Town needs further improvement. We should focus on students who are foreign students and/or experience high learning pressure， introverted personality， and tension in interpersonal relationships， anxiety and depression.We should also carry out related health activities and intervention measures to improve students' psychological adjustment ability and promote their physical and mental health.