History and Organizations for Radiological Protection

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), an independent international organization established in 1925, develops, maintains, and elaborates radiological protection standards, legislation, and guidelines. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) provides scientific evidence. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) utilise the ICRP recommendations to implement radiation protection in practice. Finally, radiation protection agencies in each country adopt the policies, and adapt them to each situation. In Korea, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission is the governmental body for nuclear safety regulation and Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety is a public organization for technical support and R&D in nuclear safety and radiation protection.

Effect of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch on MMP-13 protein expression and IL-12, IL-23 and IL-37 levels in serum and foot paws of rats with collagen-induced arthritis / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch ( THH) on collagen-induced ar-thritis ( CIA) in rats and its possible mechanism.METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and CIA group.The rat model of type II CIA was successfully established and the model rats were randomly divided into 4 different groups:model group, dexamethasone group, THH (200 mg/kg) group, and THH (400 mg/kg) group.The contents of IL-12, IL-23 and IL-37 in the serum and foot paws of the CIA rats were detected by ELISA.The histopathological changes of the skin of the food paws were observed by HE staining.The protein expression of MMP-13 was determined by Western blot.The MMP-13 activity in the foot paws was detected by fluorescence labeling method.RESULTS:Compared with CIA group, THH at dose of 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the weight loss in typeⅡCIA rats ( P<0.01 ) .THH at dose of 400 mg/kg obviously decreased the contents of IL-12 by 28.31%, IL-23 by 41.57%in the serum and IL-12 by 30.78%, IL-23 by 39.46%in the foot paws, while IL-37 was significantly increased by 79.43% in the serum and 75.78% in the foot paws ( P<0.01) .The pathological changes of the subcutaneous tissues were improved by treating with THH (400 mg/kg).The protein expression of MMP-13 was significantly decreased by 31.82%(P<0.01), and the MMP-13 activity was also reduced.THH at dose of 200 mg/kg had no obvious improvement on the above indexes.CONCLUSION:THH has significant inhibitory effect on rat CIA by reducing the content of proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23, increasing the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-37, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular proliferation, and attenuating the protein expression of MMP-13 and MMP-13 activity in rats.

Effect of Shenmai injection on Treg cells of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the effect of Shenmai injection on profile and function of CD4+CD2+5 Treg cells in ITP patients.Methods 78 ITP patients were selected and divided into the two groups, each group in 39 cases.The control group were given prednisone,while the observation group were given Shenmai injection additionally. CD4+CD2+5 FoxP3 +Treg cell counts were detected before and after treatment with flow cytometry,and the serum IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γcontents were detected with ELISA kit.Results The effective rate of 56.41%and total effective rate of 92.31% in the observation group were higher than those of 30.77% and 71.79% in the control group (χ2 =4.222,3.933,all P<0.05).Furthermore,after the treatment,the CD2+5 FoxP3+Treg cell counts of 30.66%vs 24.10%and 7.49%vs 5.15%and serum IL-2,IL-4 and IFN-γcontents of (15.6 ±4.3)ng/mL vs (10.3 ±3.1)ng/mL, (9.5 ±2.7)ng/mL vs (13.9 ±3.4)ng/mL,(37.1 ±4.3)ng/mL vs (31.2 ±4.9)ng/mL in both the two groups increased(P<0.05);while all indexes′levels of the observation group were higher than those of the control group after treatment(χ2 =4.329,4.012,4.568,4.105,all P<0.05).Conclusion The defeat of CD4+CD2+5 Treg cells may be involved in the process of ITP,and Shenmai injection may be able to play a role in treatment through this link.