Audit of dental record-keeping at a university dental hospital

Background: Good record-keeping is fundamental in clinical practice and essential for practising dental practitioners and those in training. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the level of compliance with clinical record-keeping by undergraduate dental students and staff at a university dental hospital. Setting: The selected study setting was the Admissions and Emergency section at a university dental hospital. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional review was undertaken of 257 clinical records. The CRABEL scoring system was used to evaluate 12 variables. The 12 variables included: patient name, patient hospital number, date of examination, patient main complaint, medical history, dental history, proposed treatment, proposed procedure for next visit, patient consent signature, treatment and treatment codes, student name and signature, clinical supervisor name and signature. STATA® 13 was used for descriptive analysis and all tests were conducted at 5% significance level. Results: The median CRABEL score was 87 and interquartile range (IQR: 70­92). A CRABEL score of 100 was achieved by the students in the variable patient main complaint, indicating a 100% compliance with this variable. Other variables such as signature of supervisors showed poor compliance. The CRABEL scores showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.86) between the students and clinical supervisors. Conclusion: The overall audit showed that there was poor compliance with record-keeping. Contribution: The study highlights the importance of good record keepings so that key information can be accessed for proper diagnosis and treatment of the patient. An electronic filing system presents an alternative manner of documenting medical records.

Comparison results of the population's COVID-19 preventive behaviours / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background@#As of September 21, 2021, 65.3 percent of Mongolia's population was vaccinated at full dose. However, as of COVID-19 confirmed cases, Mongolia is in the top five countries in the West Pacific. This indicates that there is a lack of practice to prevention from coronavirus infection in the population.@*Goal @#This survey aims to compare the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population towards coronavirus infection with the results of the baseline survey results @*Material and Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1896 people aged 15-60 years old participated in the study. The survey data were collected using quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (observation) methods. The research methodology was approved at the Scientific Committee of the National Center for Public Health on November 9, 2021 (Protocol № 5) and the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Ministry of Health on January 20, 2022 (Resolution №261) was issued the Ethical permission of the survey. @*Results@#Out of 14 knowledge questions that should be known about coronavirus infection, survey participants had known in an average of 8.27 ± 3.73 (95%CI: 8.12-8.43) correct answers, which was lower than the results of the baseline study. The average knowledge score of the surveyed participants of the follow-up survey (9.23±3.2, 95%CI: 9.09-9.38) was smaller than the baseline survey by 0.96 percent. 54.5 percent of surveyed participants believed that the pandemic is “very dangerous”. However, it has decreased by 25.6 percent compared to the baseline survey. Positive attitudes toward the right place at the onset of symptoms of COVID-19 and non-discrimination against infected people are more prevalent in a population with a high average knowledge score. In the baseline study, the average duration to wear a mask was 29 hours, while in the follow-up survey, it was 4.2 hours, which shows improvement in the correct behavior. @*Conclusions@#As the population’s level of education increased, the average knowledge score on the coronavirus infection has increased, and the statistically significant high of the participant with higher education levels was 8.81±3.53 (p=0.0001). In the baseline survey, 64.9 percent of the participants had an attitude toward a discriminant person infected with COVID-19, whereas it was declined by 41.9 percent in the follow-up survey. The practice of wearing masks in crowded places and outdoors were increased by 6.8 percent from the baseline survey. Compared to the baseline survey results, in the follow-up survey, practices of wearing masks in the workplace or indoor environment (73.0%) had increased.

Knowledge and Practice Of Orthodontic Record Keeping – A Clinical Audit

Background: Record keeping is an essential process and its importance cannot be ignored when it comes to Orthodontics. Even diagnosis is dependent on accurate and reliable Orthodontic records. Apart from diagnosis and treatment planning, these records are also important for medico-legal issues, publications, self -appraisals, patient education. The Basic record keeping armamentarium in Orthodontics includes: Case history, consent forms plaster models, a panoramic radiograph, Lateral cephalogram, intra and extra oral pictures. The objective of this study was be to determine the knowledge and Practice trend of Orthodontic record keeping amongst the dental practioners.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted across various dental clinics in Bangalore city. The sample selection for Dental clinics was made by the lottery method, and total of 40 clinics were selected from the list of registered dental clinics. Questionnaires were designed in such a way so as to determine the knowledge, awareness and practice trends about the Orthodontic records keeping among dental practitioners. Questionnaires were collected back by hand and analysed. The data was tabulated in excel sheet and statistical analysis was performed on the data.Results:Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test has been used to find the significance of study parameters on a categorical scale between two or more groups. Student t-test has been used to find the significance of study parameters on a continuous scale between two groups (Intergroup analysis) on metric parameters. 65% practitioners didn’t attend any CDE program on maintaining health records program whereas 35% had attended such program’s. Majority of general practitioners had knowledge and awareness about Orthodonticrecord keeping while as practice of Orthodontic record keeping was not completely as per norms.Conclusion:The present study found the good knowledge and awareness about orthodontic record keeping, but record keeping practice was found to be average due to lack of adequate infrastructure at clinics and non-usage of digital technology in most of the clinics . This study suggests that more awareness programs stressing the importance of Orthodontic record taking and workshops for incorporating digital technology related to the storage & preservation of Orthodontic record should be conducted.

Keeping positive and innovativing to create a new situation of hospice and palliative care / 中国实用护理杂志

The paper reviewed the development course and achievements of hospice and palliative care, looked forward to the trend of informatization and standardization of palliative care service, and popular trend of death education.

Practices COVID-19: cross sectional survey among Mongolian residents / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#In 11 March, 2020 WHO made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic demands health care systems and decision-makers around the world to take effective preventive measures, policies, and decisions. The pandemic continues to affect individual and social mental health, well-being, lives, relationships, as well as economic stability. Therefore, we measure individual and social responses in this context 1) by measuring unexpected events and actions being taken accordingly, and 2) by the effectiveness of the organized responses to the pandemic. Prevalence of COVID-19 epidemics has a direct relationship with the general population behavior, therefore preventive measures against the spread of COVID is vital. Estimation of practices towards COVID-19 in the population will greatly assist in intensifying the government's efforts to prevent it. Therefore, there is a need to identify the population’s prevention behaviors, attitudes, and information needs about coronavirus infection (COVID-19), to further improve the responses, risk communications, and to ensure public preparedness.@*Materials and Methods@#This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Mongolia using quantitative and qualitative (II & FGD and observation) cross-sectional survey method. The study was adapted to the specifics of the country, using the research tools and guidelines developed by the WHO Regional Committee for Europe, the COVID-19 readiness and response, and risk information communication planning. </br> Total of 1740 people aged 15-60 years old participated in the study from 3 bordering provinces (Bayan-Ulgii, Selenge and Dornogovi) and 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar (Songinokhairkhan and Chingeltei). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Deviation values of 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to assess the difference between the measurement of accuracy of the results (distribution rate) and the groups (age, sex, location). @*Results@#According to the results 47.5% (95%CI: 44.9-49.7) participants were from Ulaanbaatar and 56.7% (95%CI: 50.3-55.1) were from rural areas. The participants' average age was 35. Most of the participants were married (72.0%, 1252) and women (60.7%, 1057). As for living conditions 34.8% (95%CI: 32.7-37.1) of the participants live in apartments and 65.2% (95%CI: 62.9-67.3) live in ger areas. Respondents had answered to an average of 9.23 ± 3.2 (95%CI: 9.09-9.38) out of 14 scored questions for required knowledge of COVID-19. Knowledge score was higher among female participants (9.43±3.14) than that among male participants (p=0.0001).The score of participants with incomplete secondary education was 8.13 ± 3.24, however this score has increased to 8.32 ± 3.44 for those with complete secondary education and 10.08 ± 2.71 for those with higher education (p=0.0001). The majority of participants perceived COVID-19 pandemic as very dangerous. 69.8% of the surveyed population has been able to prevent COVID-19 in the last 14 days. This suggests that more than half of the population has a practice of preparedness of COVID-19: wearing a mask, keep distance, and hygiene. 81.6% of the participants said that they use masks when going out, but most of them use them incorrectly, which is reflected in the decrease in the frequency of people wearing masks when shopping, public transportation and public transportation. Half of the respondents said that in places where interpersonal space is regulated, they keeping distance. However, 2 out of 3 people cannot keep distance. According to the survey, 41.6% of the respondents used to wash their hands regularly, 58% cleaned and disinfected, 67.0% avoided touching their eyes, nose and mouth with dirty hands, and 76.6% using napkins and elbows when coughing and sneezing. COVID-19 prevention practices in the population were statistically significant in relation to their knowledge of COVID-19.@*Conclusion@#Despite to 81.4 percent of the surveyed population reported they wear face masks outdoors, quantitative and observational studies have shown that people wear face masks indoors relatively for a long period of time and handle it incorrectly. Two out of three respondents were not following social distancing guidelines at all. According to the survey result, good hygiene practices towards COVID-19 prevention was insufficient such as not washing hands properly (58.4%), not possessing hand sanitizer (42.1%), touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands (22.1%), and not covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze (23.4%).

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali from 2014 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali, so as to provide experiences for prevention and control of acute upper respiratory infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the case history of upper respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical data of the patients were recorded and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 484 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the time distribution, most patients with upper respiratory tract infections were concentrated in May, August, September and December. WBC in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.41, P=0.008), Gran in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.92, P0.05). The electrolyte K, Ca, Na and Cl values in fever group were lower than those in normal temperature group (all P<0.05). Conclusions In terms of time distribution, under the circumstances of rotation and handover of peacekeeping forces, seasonal change, large temperature difference between day and night, etc, the peacekeeping forces should take precautions to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and avoid non-combat attrition of peacekeepers. From the analysis of clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection, fever alone is not an indication of antibiotic use, but must be combined with symptoms, signs and laboratory examinations of patients. At the same time, patients with fever are prone to electrolyte disorders, which should be paid great attention by medical staff.

Prevalence Of Occupation Related Musculoskeletal Injuries In Housekeeping Personnel‘S

Occupation related musculoskeletal injuries are very common in developed as well as developing countries. These Injuries causes loss of working hours, poor quality of life and reduction in productivity. Housekeeping workers do a lot of manual labor which could cause injury to the muscles. Awkward movements, poor posture and improper lifting techniques are the major reasons for the injuries in housekeeping professionals. Crosssectional survey which involves 103 housekeeping personnel's in an Institutional campus. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect the data from all the participants and the data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics. The study analysis concludes that Low back pain is the most common pain in these workers followed by the Knee and Hip. The hypothetical reason may be due to long standing hours, twisting activities and repetitive tasks could cause the Low back pain. This study concludes that most of the housekeeping personnel's were suffering with various musculoskeletal injuries and further this study also analysis the management methods adopted by them.

Think tank development-oriented subject service in academic medical libraries / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the advantages and processes of medical library in development of think tank were described with the practice of Capital Medical University Library as an example,the role of academic medical libraries in providing reference for decision-making for subject construction in colleges and universities was studied on the basis of subject bibliometric evaluation and keeping abreast of subject frontiers in their think tank development-oriented subject service.

Influence of ubiquitous chromatin opening element on the antibody expression in CHO cells / 中国药科大学学报

Ubiquitous chromatin opening element ( UCOE ) , composed of the promoters of human housekeeping genes, prevents transgene from silencing and produces consistent, stable and high-level gene expression irrespec-tive of the chromosomal integration site. The research studied the influence of different UCOE element parts on antibody expression in CHO cells. UCOE 1. 5 kb from chromobox homolog 3 ( CBX3 ) , UCOE 2. 5 kb from the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 ( HNRPA2 B1 ) and the whole UCOE 4. 0 kb were inserted into the anti-body light and heavy chain vectors, respectively, and transfected into CHO cells using antibiotics-Zeocin and Blasticidin for pressure selection. Four groups of monoclonal cells were harvested and antibody expression of each group was detected. The monoclonal cells with UCOE 1. 5 kb and UCOE 2. 5 kb increased 1. 5 to 2-fold in the level of antibody expression, wheareas, monoclonal cells with UCOE 4. 0 kb increased 3 to 4-fold. The enhance-ment of two housekeeping promoter genes on antibody expression could stack up.

O período de tempo para guarda dos processos clínicos e exames / The period of time in which medical records are kept / El período de tiempo para el archivo de los procesos clínicos y exámenes

No que refere o tempo de conservação dos documentos clínicos, a legislação em Portugal é esparsa, com referências sobre a conservação em diversos diplomas legais, o que contribuiu para o desconhecimento de grande parte dos profissionais da saúde e gestores de instituições de saúde o período em que encontram-se obrigados a conservar as informações dos seus pacientes. Já no Brasil apesar da ausência legislativa o Conselho Federal de Medicina, através de Resoluções vem consolidando a temática. Ambos os países encaminham-se a favor da guarda permanente, que só pode ser alcançada através da mudança do suporte de papel para o suporte eletrônico.

Regarding medical record keeping, legislation in Portugal is sparse in relation to conservation of several legal instruments. Furthermore, it contributes to the knowledge of most health professionals and health institution managers who are obliged to keep the information of their patients. In Brazil, despite the absence of legislation, the Federal Medical Council has been consolidating the theme through resolutions. Both countries are heading to rule in favors of permanent guard, which can only be achieved by switching paper support for electronic support.

En lo referente al tiempo de conservación de los documentos clínicos, la legislación portuguesa es escasa, con referencias a la conservación a varios documentos legales, lo que contribuyó a la ignorancia de la mayoría de los profesionales de la salud e instituciones de salud del periodo en el que están obligados a mantener la información de sus pacientes. En Brasil a pesar de la ausencia legislativa del Consejo Federal de Medicina, a través de resoluciones ha venido consolidando el tema. Ambos países se dirigen a favor del archivo permanente, que sólo se puede lograr cambiando el soporte físico para el soporte electrónico.

Effects of military stress on memory function in battlefield environment confined intensive training of peace-keeping soldiers / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of military stress on memory function in battlefield environment confined intensive training of peace-keeping soldiers.Methods 41 peace-keeping soldiers were chosen as the research objects.They were tested the memory function,respectively after they trained intensely in the domestic and in Sudan for five months.The memory function included verbal memory:WHO-UCLA auditory verbal learning test (immediate recall,the insert test,the short time delay memories,long delayed recall,long delayed recognition,visual memory) using the Rey Ostereitb Complex Figure (graphics copy and graphic delayed recall).Results The peace-keeping soldiers got lower scores in the insert tested(4.59±2.03) and graphics copy(35.85± 0.36) than in the domestic (4.85 ± 2.21,35.71 ± 0.46,P＞ 0.05),but there was no significant difference.They got lower scores in the immediate recall (41.68±9.87),the short time delay memories (9.27±2.77),long delayed recall (9.12±2.99),long delayed recognition (27.56± 1.70),and graphic delayed recall (16.90± 6.16) than those in the domestic(51.68±8.63,11.73±2.15,12.24± 1.96,29.00± 1.43,23.15±7.16,P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The peace-keeping soldiers battlefield environment stress has a certain effect on the soldiers' memory function.

Taoist Thought Analysed and the Keeping in Good Health / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] Discuss the influence of Taoist thought of health, in order to establish Taoist theory support for Chinese medicine keeping in good health.[ Method]Through discussing the influence to health maintenance by the Taoist theory of laissez-faire, returning to nature, prevention of disease, venerating yin and softness, to summarize the importance of Taoist thought in health maintenance. [Result]Taoist thought plays an important role in Chinese medicine health maintenance, Taoist thought emphasizes nihility and innocence, returning to nature, and making life to return to original state, prevention treatment of disease, and also pays attention to the protection of yin, emphasizing the regulation of five internal organs. [Conclusion]Taoist thought is one of the important thoughts inheritance for thousands of years in China, the quietness of the laissez-faire Taoism, the thought of returning to nature, the prevention treatment of disease thought in tonifying physical and spiritual, the thought of venerating yin and softness, al have guiding significance for TCM in health maintenance.

Multilocus sequence typing and its application on population genetic struc-ture analysis of parasites / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Multilocus sequence typing MLST with high solution sensitivity and specificity is widely used to study the population genetic structure of pathogen by amplification and sequencing of the housekeeping genes. MLST also provides more evidence and plays an important role in parasite research. This paper reviews the principle and method of MLST and its applica-tion on population genetic structure analysis of parasites.

Looking back and ahead: some perspectives of military psychiatry

Military psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that is concerned with the mental health of soldiers and their families in war and peace time. It emerged as a special field of importance after World War I. With changing combat scenarios, peace keeping operations and terrorism modern soldier is obliged to confront and endure wide ranging demands for adjustment; with battle fronts becoming diffuse and coming closer to home unarmed civilians are sucked into war like situations. Military sychiatrists as well as their civilian counter parts need to be aware of the essentials of the mental health consequences of military operations of various kinds and related situations.

Profile of Maternal and Foetal Complications during Labour and Delivery among Women Giving Birth in Hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh.

Worldwide, for an estimated 358,000 women, pregnancy and childbirth end in death and mourning, and beyond these maternal deaths, 9-10% of pregnant women or about 14 million women per year suffer from acute maternal complications. This paper documents the types and severity of maternal and foetal complications among women who gave birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh, during 2007-2008. The Community Health Research Workers (CHRWs) of the icddr,b service area in Matlab prospectively collected data for the study from 4,817 women on their places of delivery and pregnancy outcomes. Of them, 3,010 (62.5%) gave birth in different hospitals in Matlab and/or Chandpur and beyond. Review of hospital-records was attempted for 2,102 women who gave birth only in the Matlab Hospital of icddr,b and in other public and private hospitals in the Matlab and Chandpur area. Among those, 1,927 (91.7%) records were found and reviewed by a physician. By reviewing the hospital-records, 7.3% of the women (n=1,927) who gave birth in the local hospitals were diagnosed with a severe maternal complication, and 16.1% with a less-severe maternal complication. Abortion cases—either spontaneous or induced—were excluded from the analysis. Over 12% of all births were delivered by caesarean section (CS). For a substantial proportion (12.5%) of CS, no clear medical indication was recorded in the hospitalregister. Twelve maternal deaths occurred during the study period; most (83%) of them had been in contact with a hospital before death. Recommendations include standardization of the hospital record-keeping system, proper monitoring of indications of CS, and introduction of maternal death audit for further improvement of the quality of care in public and private hospitals in rural Bangladesh.

Efecto del tiempo y temperatura de almacenamiento a corto plazo sobre el contenido de las proteínas en leche humana / Effects of short term storage time and temperature on the protein content of human milk

La leche materna constituye el alimento ideal para el recién nacido y el lactante en forma exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de edad; y hasta los 2 años con alimentos complementarios. El destete precoz es de causa multifactorial: falta de control prenatal, desconocimiento de los beneficios de la leche materna, hipogalactia, prácticas hospitalarias inadecuadas, publicidad de alimentos infantiles, incorporación de la madre al trabajo y como desconocimiento sobre la extracción y preservación de la leche humana. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el efecto del tiempo y temperatura de almacenamiento a corto plazo, sobre el contenido de proteínas en la leche humana madura de madres que asistieron a la consulta del Hospital “Dr. Jorge Lizárraga”, Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Investigación experimental, correlacional, cuantitativa y aplicada. Fueron analizadas 20 muestras de leche, de mujeres sanas, con amamantamiento en forma exclusiva, obtenidas por extracción manual. Cada una de ellas se separó en 2 la alícuotas: 1. Para analizar en fresco, 2 tras almacenamiento a 15˚C durante 24 horas. La determinación de proteínas se realiz según las normas industriales Covenin. La concentración de proteínas fue de 1,53 gr/dl en leche recién extraída y 1,50 gr/dl en leche almacenada a 15 ˚C por 24 horas. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los valores de proteínas en leche materna recién extraída y almacenada. En la leche humana almacenada a 15 ˚C durante 24 horas, las concentraciones de las proteínas no se modifican comparándola con la leche recién extraída

Maternal milk is the ideal food for newborns and infants, on an exclusive basis, up to six months and together with complementary food, up to two years of age. The early weaning could have multifactorial causes: lack of prenatal control, unawareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, hypogalactia, inappropriate hospital practices, advertising of infant foods, return of the mother to work, unawareness regarding milk extraction and preservation. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature within a short term on how it affects the protein content in mature milk of mothers who attended medical consulting at Hospital Dr. Jorge Lizarraga. This is an experimental, correlational, cuantitative and applied investigation. Twenty milk samples were analyzed from healthy women with exclusive breastfeeding, obtained through manual extraction. Each of these samples was separated in 2 aliquots: 1. To be analyzed at once. 2. To be analyzed after being stored at 15°C for 24 hours. Determination of proteins was performed according to the industrial norms of Covenin. The concentration of proteins was of 1,53 gr/dl in recently extracted milk and 1,50 gr/dl in milk stored at 15°C for 24 hours. There was no significant difference between the values of proteins found in the recently extracted maternal milk and the one that had been stored

Atividade antibacteriana de desinfetantes para uso na produção orgânica de aves / Antibacterial activity of disinfectants for use in organic poultry keeping

A determinação de produtos eficazes para a desinfecção e que não causem danos ao meio ambiente é um grande desafio para a avicultura orgânica. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as atividades antibacterianas de quatro desinfetantes: ácido peracético, amônia quaternária, hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento e a 0,1 por cento de cloro ativo e do composto de ácidos orgânicos (cítrico, lático e ascórbico), frente às amostras padrão de Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis e Staphylococcus aureus, na presença e ausência de matéria orgânica, sob duas diferentes temperaturas e tempo de contato de 20 minutos. Os ácidos orgânicos mostraram-se menos efetivos na presença de matéria orgânica. No entanto, o ácido peracético, na ausência desta, foi o mais eficaz frente à S. Enteritidis e igualmente efetivo, independente da matéria orgânica, frente ao S. aureus e E. coli, revelando-se uma opção válida para desinfecção na avicultura orgânica, desde que precedida de limpeza criteriosa.

Efficient products in the disinfection that do not cause damages to the environment are a challenge for the organic poultry keeping. The antibacterial activity of four disinfectants was evaluated to per acetic acid, quaternary ammonium, sodium hypochlorite at 1 percent and 0,1 percent and the composed of organics acids (citric, lactic and ascorbic) against standard samples of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence and absence of organic matter, at two different temperatures and with 20 minutes of contact. Organic acids were shown less effective in the presence of organic matter. However, the per acetic acid in the absence of this revealed most efficient against S. Enteritidis and equally effective in the presence of organic matter, against S. aureus and E. coli showing a valid option for disinfection in the organic poultry keeping since preceded of careful cleanness.

Two notes on clinical health keeping guidance of professors LI Wei-xian / 国际中医中药杂志

The famous senior Chinese medical doctor Li Wei-xian is one of the national third and fourth acadomic advisor groups for propagating and inheriting of TCM experiences and theories.He is good at treating gynecology and pediatrics particularly,who believes that reasonable and eriective clinical health keeping guidance should be given sufficient attention.He noted that"if you want to keep healthful,the staple food is necessary,"for fomale patients with qi and blood deficiency,and that"if you want your children be better,a little hunger and cold is required."

Incidence of coccidiosis in different rabbit keeping systems / Incidência de coccidiosis em diferentes sistemas de criação de coelhos

Amostras fecais de coelhos foram examinadas pela técnica de flutuação para a presença e contagem de oocistos do gênero Eimeria, de acordo com a técnica McMaster, em uma investigação com o objetivo de comparar um sistema alternativo não medicamentoso de criação de coelhos e sistemas convencionais com diferentes níveis de controle higiênico. A presença de oocistos nas diferentes explorações foi baixa, mas muito variável. As maiores concentrações de oocistos foram encontradas nas explorações cujas condições higiênicas não foram boas, independentemente do tratamento ou não com anticoccidiano, ou do sistema de criação. Os melhores resultados foram observados no sistema alternativo com boas condições higiênicas. Neste sistema, a concentração de oocistos nos láparos desmamados, que deveriam apresentar máxima susceptibilidade à infecção por Eimeria, foi muito baixa. Estes resultados indicam que o estrito respeito às condições higiênicas é suficiente para o controle da coccidiose e que a profilaxia farmacológica poderia ser evitada sempre que fossem adotadas altas condições higiênicas so sistema criatório ao ar livre, baseado em células subterrâneas exploráveis (tocas).

Análise da infra-estrutura existente em unidades de produção agrícola para processamento de mel na região do Vale do Paraíba-SP / Analysis of production unit infrastructure of honey processing agricultural in the Paraiba Valley, São Paulo state-Brazil

Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a existência de infra-estrutura para processamento de mel, em Unidades de Produção Agrícola-UPAs na região do Vale do Paraíba-SP. Para a realização desse trabalho utilizou-se o método de levantamento dos dados primários através de questionário. No período de janeiro de 2005 a março de 2006 realizou-se o trabalho com a amostra de 116 UPAs, que representam 33,7 por cento do total de unidades onde há atividade apícola. Para avaliar-se a associação e a relação de dependência entre as variáveis equipamentos, casa do mel, escolaridade, tempo na atividade e número de colméias na UPA, utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado X² . Os resultados revelaram que a centrífuga está presente em 58,6 por cento das UPAs e a casa do mel em 29,3 por cento das UPAs das unidades da região. O nível de escolaridade, tempo de permanência do apicultor na atividade e o número de colméias são variáveis que estabelecem relações significativas com a existência de centrífuga e de casa do mel na UPA.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the infrastructure for honey process in Agricultural Production Units (UPAs) located in the Paraíba Valley (São Paulo state, Brazil). For this study to be carried out, the search of primary data method using a questionnaire was applied. From January 2005 to March 2006, 116 UPAs samples, representing 33.7 percent of all bee-related UPAs were used. For the association and relation of dependence among the equipment variables, "casa do mel", staff education level, time in the activity and number of bee-hives in the UPA, the chi-square (X²) statistical tests were applied. The results revealed that centrifuges were present in 58.6 percent of UPAs, while the type of "casa do mel" occured in 29.3 percent of UPAs in the region. The staff education level, time in the activity and number of bee-hives are variables which are important when considering the existence of centrifuges and "casa do mel" in the UPA.