Variables biomecánicas del penalti en futbolistas de las categorías sub-12 y sub-17

Introducción: El estudio de los patrones del movimiento técnico deportivo implica analizar sus componentes biomecánicos, teniendo en cuenta el carácter multifactorial del rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Describir la mecánica del movimiento del tiro penalti en futbolistas categorías sub-12 y sub-17. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental de orden correlativo. Se estudiaron ocho variables biomecánicas: centro de gravedad en sus dos ejes, inclinación corporal, ángulos femorotibial antes del contacto, ángulos femorotibial luego del contacto, velocidad, aceleración y acierto. Se seleccionaron dos grupos independientes de 30 futbolistas del género masculino, se clasificaron por categorías sub-12 y sub-17, y se analizó su rendimiento mediante videoanálisis. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas a favor de la categoría sub-17 en las variables centro de gravedad en el eje X (p = 0,000), en inclinación corporal (p = 0,000), en velocidad (p = 0,000), y en aceleración y acierto (p = 0,000); y diferencias no significativas en el resto (centro de gravedad eje Y: p = 0,267; ángulos femorotibial antes del contacto: p = 0,459; ángulos femorotibial luego del contacto: p = 0,446; y aciertos: p = 0,226). Conclusiones: Todos los rangos promedios sobresalieron en la categoría sub-17, excepto en la variable aciertos, lo que implicó una mayor velocidad y aceleración del pie durante la ejecución del tiro a penal. Sin embargo, la precisión, como componente coordinativo, resultó fundamental en la efectividad del disparo.

Introduction: The study of the patterns of technical sports movement involves analyzing its biomechanical components, taking into account the multifactorial nature of sports performance. Objective: To describe the mechanics of the movement of the penalty kick in U-12 and U-17 football players. Methods: Quasi-experimental study of a correlative order. Eight biomechanical variables were studied: center of gravity in its two axes, body inclination, femorotibial angles before contact, femorotibial angles after contact, speed, acceleration and success. Two independent groups of 30 male footballers were selected, classified by U-12 and U-17 categories, and their performance was analysed through video analysis. Results: There were significant differences in favor of the sub-17 category in the variables center of gravity on the X axis (p = 0.000), body inclination (p = 0.000), speed (p = 0.000), and acceleration and accuracy (p = 0.000); and non-significant differences in the rest (center of gravity Y-axis: p = 0.267; femorotibial angles before contact: p = 0.459; femorotibial angles after contact: p = 0.446; and correct answers: p = 0.226). Conclusions: All the average ranges stood out in the U-17 category, except in the variable hits, which implied a greater speed and acceleration of the foot during the execution of the penalty kick. However, accuracy, as a coordinating component, was fundamental in the effectiveness of the shot.

5. Now is the time to consider ! - Leave no migrants behind, 5-1 Why now? - migration and health, 5-2. Global situation on migration and health, 5-3. Migration and health for ‘Leave no one behind’: real situation of those under provisional release, asylum seekers, and undocumented migrants in Japan, 5-4. The historical transition of Japanese Immigrants and elderly care in Hawaii, 5-5. Foreign community approach to leave no patient with limited Japanese proficiency behind / 国際保健医療

  As global migration has been increasing rapidly, the Japan Association for International Health (JAIH) established the committee for migration and health in early 2021. This committee, which aims to challenge the health issues of migrants inside and outside Japan, held the first kick-off symposium in the 36th Congress of JAIH on 27 November 2021. Five symposiasts were invited and had presentations from the viewpoints of human rights and culture, which were recognized as the common keywords. This article was written by all symposiasts and chairpersons as the report of the kick-off symposium.

Impacto del puñetazo y de la patada en los deportes de combate: una revisión sistemática / Punch and kick impact in combat sports: a systematic review

Resumen Marques-Junior, N.K. (2020). Impacto del puñetazo y de la patada en los deportes de combate: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-27. El objetivo de la revisión sistemática fue presentar el impacto del puñetazo y de la patada en algunos deportes de combate. Los artículos fueron recuperados de internet entre septiembre de 2018 y agosto de 2019. La recopilación de los artículos se realizó por medio de Google Scholar, Research Gate y PubMed. La revisión sistemática contó con 19 artículos científicos. El golpe con el puño de mayor impacto, en los luchadores masculinos, fue el golpe recto del boxeo con 4800 ± 601 newtons (N); mientras que, en las mujeres, fue el jab del boxeo con 1170.7 ± 165.3 N. El impacto de la patada del taekwondo femenino (TKD) tuvo un mayor resultado realizando el tchagui con 2490.3 ± 846.2 N y en el sexo masculino tuvo un mayor resultado del impacto realizando la bandal tchagui del TKD con 6400 ± 898 N. En conclusión, el impacto del puñetazo y de la patada de los deportes de combate es un contenido importante para que el atleta conozca el ataque más efectivo.

Resumo Marques-Junior, N.K. (2020). Impacto do soco e do chute dos esportes de combate: uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-27. O objetivo da revisão sistemática foi apresentar o impacto do soco e do chute de alguns esportes de combate. Os artigos foram identificados na internet durante setembro de 2018 a agosto de 2019. A coleta de artigos foi praticada no Google Scholar, no Research Gate e no PubMed. A revisão sistemática teve 19 artigos científicos. O maior impacto de soco do lutador masculino foi o direto do boxe com 4800 ± 601 newtons (N). A lutadora do sexo feminino o maior impacto foi o jab d-o boxe com 1170.7 ± 165.3 N. O impacto do chute no taekwondo feminino (TKD) teve um resultado maior do que tui tchagui com 2490.3 ± 846.2 N e no masculino teve um resultado de maior impacto do bandal tchagui do TKD de 6400 ± 898 N. Em conclusão, o impacto do soco e do chute dos esportes de combate é um conteúdo importante para o atleta conhecer o ataque mais eficaz.

Abstract Marques-Junior, N.K. (2020). Punch and kick impact in combat sports: a systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(2), 1-27. The objective of the systematic review was to present the punch and kick impact of some combat sports. The studies were identified in electronic databases from September 2018 to August 2019. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, Research Gate, and PubMed. The systematic review had 19 scientific articles. The greater punch impact of the male fighter was of the boxing straight with 4800 ± 601 newtons (N). Female fighter the greater punch impact was of the boxing jab with 1170.7 ± 165.3 N. The kick impact of the female taekwondo (TKD) had a greater result of the tui tchagui with 2490.3 ± 846.2 N and in the male had a greater result of the TKD bandal tchagui impact of 6400 ± 898 N. In conclusion, the punch and kick impact of combat sports is an important content for the athlete to know the most effective attack.

The anticipatory and reaction time behaviors of the futsal goalkeeper / Os comportamentos antecipatório e de tempo de reação do goleiro do futsal

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the goalkeeper's anticipatory and reaction time behaviors. For this purpose, 50 kicks performed by male futsal players were analyzed. The time of goalkeeper's response to a kick was analyzed in relation to the kick outcome, court zone and distance between the goalkeeper and player who performed the kick. The goalkeeper's anticipation and reaction time behaviors were those below and above 200 ms as the time criterion, respectively, by considering the moment the player began the preparation for kicking to the moment the goalkeeper began to respond to it. Results showed that the goalkeeper performed anticipatory behaviors predominantly when (i) goals were attained and (ii) kicks were performed in the center and attack court's zones (iii) at a distance ranging from 5.97 to 7.84 meters. In these conditions, the goalkeepers' anticipatory behaviors implied ineffective performances.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos antecipatório e de tempo de reação do goleiro. Para este fim foram analisados 50 chutes executados por jogaores de futsal. O tempo de resposta do goleiro a um chute foi analisado em relação ao resultado do chute, à zona da quadra e à distância entre o goleiro e o jogador que executou o chute. Os comportamentos de antecipação e tempo de reação do goleiro foram considerados, respectivamente, como aqueles executados abaixo e acima de 200 ms considerando o início do movimento do chutador e o início do movimento do goleiro. Os resultados mostraram que o goleiro executou comportamentos antecipatórios predominantemente quando (i) ocorreram gols, (ii) os chutes foram executados das zonas central e de ataque, (iii) de distâncias entre 5,97 a 7,84 metros. Nestas condições, os comportamentos antecipatórios do goleiro implicaram em performances ineficazes.

Influence of Hip Joint Flexion Angle on the Submerged Dolphin Kick Stroke Based on Numerical Simulation of Multi-Body Motion / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore characteristics of flow field around the athletes, change of net flow force, and influences of hip flexion angles at the end of extension kick on the submerged dolphin kick stroke. Methods The body shape data of a swimmer were obtained by three-dimensional (3D) scanning, and the data were reversely reconstructed to obtain the swimmer model. The joints of the swimmer model were separated, and each segment of the athlete was divided into independent rigid body, and simulation of the submerged dolphin kick stroke was realized by controlling movement of each independent rigid body. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package ANSYS Fluent was used as the solver for calculation and solution. Results The vortex structures were shed off from the surface of the swimmer’s body in the area with a large velocity gradient in flow field, and the shedding of vortex structures was different at the stage of extension kick and flexion kick. Propulsion was mainly generated during extension kick phase. At the end of extension kick, the drag decreased as the hip flexion angle increased from 20° to 30°. Conclusions To some extent, increasing flexion angle of the hip joint at the end of extension kick will reduce the drag force and increase the swimming speed in process of the submerged dolphin kick stroke.

Impacto do soco e do chute dos esportes de combate: uma revisão sistemática / Punch and kick impact in combat sports: a systematic review

Resumo O objetivo da revisão sistemática foi apresentar o impacto do soco e do chute de alguns esportes de combate. Os artigos foram identificados na internet durante setembro de 2018 a agosto de 2019. A coleta de artigos foi praticada no Google Scholar, no Research Gate e no PubMed. A revisão sistemática teve 19 artigos científicos. O maior impacto de soco do lutador masculino foi o direto do boxe com 4800 ± 601 newtons (N). A lutadora do sexo feminino o maior impacto foi o jab d-o boxe com 1170.7 ± 165.3 N. O impacto do chute no taekwondo feminino (TKD) teve um resultado maior do que tui tchagui com 2490.3 ± 846.2 N e no masculino teve um resultado de maior impacto do bandal tchagui do TKD de 6400 ± 898 N. Em conclusão, o impacto do soco e do chute dos esportes de combate é um conteúdo importante para o atleta conhecer o ataque mais eficaz.

Resumen El objetivo de la revisión sistemática fue presentar el impacto del puñetazo y de la patada en algunos deportes de combate. Los artículos fueron recuperados de internet entre septiembre de 2018 y agosto de 2019. La recopilación de los artículos se realizó por medio de Google Scholar, Research Gate y PubMed. La revisión sistemática contó con 19 artículos científicos. El golpe con el puño de mayor impacto, en los luchadores masculinos, fue el golpe recto del boxeo con 4800 ± 601 newtons (N); mientras que, en las mujeres, fue el jab del boxeo con 1170.7 ± 165.3 N. El impacto de la patada del taekwondo femenino (TKD) tuvo un mayor resultado realizando el tchagui con 2490.3 ± 846.2 N y en el sexo masculino tuvo un mayor resultado del impacto realizando la bandal tchagui del TKD con 6400 ± 898 N. En conclusión, el impacto del puñetazo y de la patada de los deportes de combate es un contenido importante para que el atleta conozca el ataque más efectivo.

Abstract The objective of the systematic review was to present punch and kick impact in some combat sports. The articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Research Gate, and PubMed between September 2018 and August 2019. The systematic review included 19 scientific articles. The punch with the greatest impact was the boxing straight punch with 4800 ± 601 Newtons (N) in male fighters and the boxing jab with 1170.7 ± 165.3 N in female fighters. The kick with the greatest impact in taekwondo (TKD) was tui tchagui with 2490.3 ± 846.2 N in females and TKD bandal tchagui with 6400 ± 898 N in males. In conclusion, punch and kick impact in combat sports is an important content for athletes to know the most effective attack.

Proposals for better administration of clinical trial kick-off meeting / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To affirm the importance of clinical trial kick-off meeting and improve the meeting quality.Methods:According to the literature review of latest laws and regulations, combined with working experiences in clinical trial management, this article tried to identify possible problems that might occur before, during and after the kick-off meeting, analyze how to better manage the kick-off meeting, and propose suggestions for possible solutions.Results:Newly approved clinical trial institutions may face challenges such as lack of training, unclear responsibilities, lack of attention to quality control of professional department and post-meeting management. Thus, a series of suggestions were proposed, including more substantial communication and tailored training should be in place before the kick-off meeting, responsibilities for each stakeholder should be clarified during the meeting with specific concern of the professional quality control, in addition, meeting minutes and related materials should be well documented after the meeting.Conclusions:Clinical trial kick-off meeting is crucial that clinical trials institutions should pay more attention and work for better administration of such meetings.

Traumatic Coronary Artery Dissection in a Young Woman after a Kick to Her Back

We present the case of a 38-year-old woman admitted to our outpatient clinic with accelerating back pain and fatigue following a kick to her back by her husband. Upon arrival, we detected ST segment elevation in the D1, aVL, and V2 leads and accelerated idioventricular rhythm. She had pallor and hypotension consistent with cardiogenic shock. We immediately performed coronary angiography and found a long dissection starting from the mid-left main coronary artery and progressing into the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex arteries. She was then transferred to the operating room for surgery. A saphenous vein was grafted to the distal LAD. Since the patient was hypotensive under noradrenaline and dopamine infusions, she was transferred to the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit on an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and intra-aortic balloon pump. During follow-up, her blood pressure remained low, at approximately 60/40 mmHg, despite aggressive inotropic and mechanical support. On the second postoperative day, asystole and cardiovascular arrest quickly developed, and despite aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she died.

Influência das características antropométricas sobre o impulso e tempo de execução do chute giro dorsal do karatê / Influence of anthropometric characteristics on impulse and execution time of the back kick of karate

Este estudo objetivou analisar a influência das variáveis antropométricas sobre o impulso e tempo de execução do chute giro dorsal do karatê. Participaram 12 atletas, faixas pretas de karatê. Para a aquisição dos dados foram utilizados: estadiômetro, balança, tapete de contato e alvo instrumentado. Utilizou-se da estatística descritiva e para determinar a influência das variáveis antropométricas sobre o impulso e tempo de execução utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla multivariada (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que as características antropométricas tem influência de 70% no impulso e 69% no tempo de execução do chute giro dorsal quando realizado com o membro inferior direito, e influencia 60% no impulso e 76% no tempo de execução quando executado com o membro inferior esquerdo. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que a massa, a estatura e o comprimento do membro inferior exercem influência significativa no impulso e no tempo de execução quando analisadas em conjunto. Analisadas individualmente, o comprimento do membro inferior foi a característica antropométrica com maior influência significativa tanto para o impulso quanto para o tempo de execução do chute. Já para a massa parece existir um "valor ótimo" para o melhor desempenho no impulso, ultrapassado este valor a massa passa a atuar negativamente sobre o desempenho do impulso no chute giro dorsal do Karatê.

This study objective of analyzing the influence of anthropometric on impulse and execution time the back kick. 12 athletes participated, karate black belts. For data acquisition were used: stadiometer, balance, contact carpet and instrumented target. We used descriptive statistics and to determine the influence of anthropometric variables on kinematics and kinetics, we used multivariate linear regression (p <0.05). The results showed that the influence of anthropometric characteristics has 70% in the impulse and 69% in the execution time of the back kick when done with the right leg, and influence 60% in the impulse and 76% in the execution time when run with the left lower limb. Thus, we can conclude that the mass, height and lower limb length have significant influence on impulse and at execution time when analyzed together. Analyzed individually, the length of the lower limb anthropometric characteristic was more significant influence for both impulse and for the execution time of the kick. As for the mass seems to be a "great value" for the best performance impulse this value exceeded the dough starts to act negatively on the performance impulse back kick the karate.

Cinemática do chute semicircular no karatê: comparação entre as fases de ataque e retorno / Kinematics of semicircular kick in karate: comparison between phases of attack and return

Este estudo analisou as variáveis cinemáticas do chute semicircular no karatê caracterizadas e comparadas entre as fases de ataque e retorno. Participaram 20 atletas, masculinos, adultos e faixas pretas. Na aquisição dos dados foram utilizadas seis câmeras Vicon MX-13, frequência de 200 Hz com tempo de aquisição de 4 segundos. Na caracterização das variáveis utilizou-se estatística descritiva e na comparação entre as fases o teste "t" de Student (p < 0,05). Resultados: as velocidades máximas e acelerações do tornozelo, joelho e quadril foram menores que os valores da literatura, implicando em menor velocidade de execução do chute pelos karatecas. As velocidades e acelerações do tornozelo, joelho e quadril da fase de ataque foram estatisticamente diferentes e superiores à fase de retorno do chute. Conclui-se, que a fase de ataque é mais rápida e ofensiva que a fase de retorno, sendo a variável tempo, importante na execução do chute semicircular.

This study examined kinematic variables of the semicircular kick in karate, which were characterized and compared between the phases of attack and return, with 20 male adult athletes, black belt. For data acquisition it was used 06 Vicon MX-13 cameras, 200Hz frequency, with acquisition time of 04 seconds. Variables were characterized by descriptive statistics and the comparison between phases was performed by the Student's t-test (p <0.05). Results: the maximum velocities and accelerations of the ankle, knee and hip were lower than found in literature, resulting in slower execution of the karate kick. The velocities and accelerations of the ankle, knee and hip of the attack phase were statistically higher than in the return phase of the kick. It is concluded that the attack phase is faster and more offensive than the return phase, being the variable time important in the implementation of the semicircular kick.

Factors that Affect Accidents from Riding on Inline Skates and/or Kick Boards among Students in the Elementary Schools / 아동간호학회지

This study examines the factors that are associated with accidents from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards among students in the elementary schools. Data were collected from 902 students in 3 elementary schools in Seoul. Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results were as follows: 1.Thirty-eight percent of the students investigated were found to have kick boards while sixty-one percent of the students had inline skates. 2.The age of mothers who answered the questionnaires showed a statistically significant association with injuries of their children on inline skates and/or kick boards. Children whose mothers are younger had a lower percentage of injuries on inline skates and/or kick boards. 3. Children with a lower score on K-CBCL had a higher chance of having an accident from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards. That is, children with lack of attention were more likely to be involved in an accident. First-born children were less likely to have an accident. 4. While mothers' attitudes toward the safety of inline skates and kick boards appeared not to be associated with accidents of their children, their preventive actions for the safety related to riding on inline skates and kick boards reduced the chance to be involved in an accident of their children. In conclusion, this study shows that mothers with children going to the elementary schools should be more action-oriented to prevent their children's accidents from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards than merely recognizing the safety of inline skates and/or kick boards on their own. Implication of these findings and major findings of this study were discussed.

Comparison of the front crawl leg kick and arm stroke characteristics of male age-group and college swimmers / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses, stroke rate and stroke length of front crawl leg kick and arm stroke of age-group and college swimmers and to elucidate the characteristics of male age-group swimmers, which have not been highlighted adequately. The subjects were ten 11.8-to 12.4-year-old well-trained male elementary school swimmers (group E) and nine 20.1-to 21.1-year-old well-trained male college swimmers (group C) . All the subjects were categorized into similar swimming levels for their ages. All the experiments were performed in a swimming flume (AQUAGYM made by IHI) . The water velocities during leg kicking and arm stroking were 60 and 70%, respectively, of the maximal velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (Vmax) . The oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>), heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V<SUB>E</SUB>), tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR) and blood lactate (BL) level of each group were significantly higher during leg kicking than arm stroking at both velocities. VO2, V<SUB>E</SUB>; and TV were significantly higher in group C than group E during leg kicking and arm stroking at both velocities, but HR, RR and BL did not differ significantly. The leg kick to arm stroke VO<SUB>2</SUB> ratio at 70% Vmax was significantly higher in group E than group C. The stroke rate at the same velocity was significantly lower and the stroke length was significantly higher in group C than group E, but the kick rate and length did not differ significantly. VO<SUB>2</SUB>·SR<SUP>-1</SUP> and VO<SUB>2</SUB> KR<SUP>-1</SUP> at both velocities were significantly higher in group C than group E. VO<SUB>2</SUB> Wt<SUP>-1</SUP> SR<SUP>-1</SUP> at 70% Vmax was significantly higher in group C than group E, but VO<SUB>2</SUB> Wt<SUP>-1</SUP> KR<SUP>-1</SUP> at both velocities was significantly lower in group C than group E. These results clarified the differences between group E and group C, which must be considered carefully when designing a training program for age-group swimmers.