Suppression of monosodium glutamate-induced acute kidney injury and renal ultrastructural damage in rats by vitamin E / Supresión de lesiones renales agudas inducidas por glutamato monosódico y daño ultraestructural renal en ratas por vitamina E

Food additives and flavour enhancers used in the food industry are potential health risks. We tested the hypothesis that the food additive and flavour enhancer, monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is the sodium salt of glutamic acid can induce ultrastructural alterations to the kidney, and the antioxidant vitamin E can protect against acute kidney injuries induced by a toxic dose of MSG in a rat model of the disease. The model group of rats received a daily dose of MSG (4 gm/kg) for 7 days, whereas the protective groups were either received a 100 mg/kg vitamin E plus MSG or 300 mg/kg vitamin E plus MSG for 7 days. Rats were then sacrificed on day 8. Transmission and light microscopy images revealed substantial kidney damage induced by MSG in the model group as demonstrated by degenerated epithelial cells with Pyknotic nuclei, swollen mitochondria, damaged brush margins, dilated tubules, and widening of Bowman's space with shrinkage and deformity of some glomeruli. Treatment of the model group with vitamin E showed a substantial protection of kidney tissue and renal ultrastructure by 300 mg/kg vitamin E compared to a partial protection by 100 mg/kg vitamin E. In addition, MSG significantly (p<0.05) increased serum levels of urea and creatinine, which were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with vitamin E. However, for serum creatinine, high doses of vitamin E (300 mg/kg) were more effective than lower doses (100 mg/kg) of vitamin E. These results indicate that vitamin E at 300 mg/kg effectively protects against MSG-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Los aditivos alimentarios y los potenciadores del sabor utilizados en la industria alimentaria son riesgos potenciales para la salud. Probamos la hipótesis de que el aditivo alimentario y el potenciador del sabor, glutamato monosódico (MSG), la sal sódica del ácido glutámico, puede inducir alteraciones ultraestructurales del riñón, y que las propiedades antioxidantes de la vitamina E, pueden proteger contra las lesiones renales inducidas por una dosis tóxica de MSG en un modelo de rata. El grupo modelo de ratas recibió una dosis diaria de MSG (4 g / kg) durante 7 días, mientras que los grupos protectores recibieron una dosis de 100 mg / kg de vitamina E más MSG o 300 mg / kg de vitamina E más MSG durante 7 días. Las ratas se sacrificaron el día 8. Las imágenes de microscopía óptica y de transmisión revelaron un daño renal sustancial inducido por el MSG en el grupo modelo, como lo demuestran las células epiteliales degeneradas con núcleos picnóticos, mitocondrias hinchadas, bordes dañados, túbulos dilatados y ensanchamiento del espacio de Bowman, además de la deformidad de algunos glomérulos. El tratamiento del grupo modelo con vitamina E mostró una protección sustancial del tejido renal y la ultraestructura renal de 300 mg / kg de vitamina E en comparación con una protección parcial de 100 mg / kg de vitamina E. Además, el MSG aumentó significativamente (p <0,05) en el suero los niveles de urea y creatinina, disminuyeron significativamente (p <0,05) con la vitamina E. Sin embargo, para la creatinina sérica, las dosis altas de vitamina E (300 mg / kg) fueron más efectivas que las dosis más bajas (100 mg / kg) de vitamina E. Estos resultados indican que la vitamina E a 300 mg / kg protege eficazmente contra la lesión renal aguda inducida por MSG en ratas.

Effects of Yishen Tongluo Decoction on Renal Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and CollagenⅣmRNA Expression in Membranous Nephropathy Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effects of Yishen Tongluo Decoction (YTD) on the renal mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1) and collagen Ⅳ ( ColⅣ) in membranous nephropathy ( MN) rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, benazepril group (in the dosage of 10 mg·kg-1·d-1) , YTD group ( in the dosage of 20 g·kg-1·d-1) . The rats in various groups were given intragastric administration of corresponding agents. At the end of the fourth week, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, albumin ( ALB) , total protein ( TP) , triglyceride ( TG) , total cholesterol ( TC) , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) , and creatinine (Cr) levels were observed. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and ColⅣ in renal tissue of rats were detected by immunofluorescence method, electron microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results In the model group, urinary protein quantity in rats was increased, serum levels of TP and ALB were significantly lowered, serum levels of TC and TG were significantly increased, renal pathological changes were present, and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and ColIV in renal tissue were up-regulated (P0.05) . Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of YTD for MN is probably related with the inhibition of mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and ColⅣin renal tissue.

Effect of Tongmai Oral Liquid on Renal Pathological Feature and Tumor Growth Factor ?_1 in Rats with Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of Tongmai Oral Liquid(TOL) on renal pathological feature and tumor growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Forty SD male rats were used for the experiment.Of which,8 were in the normal group,and the other rats were given one-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin(STZ),and were fed with high-fat forage every other day.The normal group received one-dose intraperitoneal injection of aseptic citric acid-sodium citrate buffer and routine forage.After feeding for 4 weeks,the rat models of DN were randomized into the model group and TOL group,which were given normal saline and TOL(2.5 g?kg-1?d-1) respectively,and the two groups were still fed with high-fat forage.After treatment for 6 weeks,the rats were executed and the pathological features and ultrastructure of renal tissue were observed under light microscope and electron microscope respectively.Mean glomerular area(MGA),mean extracellular matrix area(MMA),and the thickness of glomerular basement membrane(GBM) as well as the ratio of MMA/MGA were measured.Meanwhile,the expression of tumor growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results In TOL group,the pathological features such as broadened mesentery,thick basement membrane and vacuolar degeneration in the renal tubular epithelium were relieved,MMA/MGA ratio was decreased,GBM became thin,and the expression of TGF-?1 was strong mainly in renal tubular and interstitial region while weak in glomeruli,and its area density and integral optimal density were decreased as compared with the model group(P

Effect of Repeated Weight Attached Swimming on Renal Ultrastrueture and Function in Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

The alterations of ultrastrueture in rat kidney were observed under transmission electron microscopy, results showed that both glomerular filtration membranes and renal tubules had changed immediately after repeated loaded swimming and there were consistency between the recovery of renal ultrastructures and that of urinary protein and excration rate.