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Objective:To explore the effect of blood flow restriction training on the quadriceps femoris and on knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Methods:Forty patients recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 20. In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the control group was given routine knee flexion and extension strength training, while the experimental group trained for an additional 20 minutes doing knee flexion and extension resistance training with the blood pressure in their groins at 70% of their individual arterial occlusive pressure. (The mean pressure was (123±11.23)mmHg). The training lasted 8 weeks, three times a week. Knee function and hamstring and quadriceps peak torque were assessed before and after the intervention using a Lysholm scale and Humac Norm isokinetic muscle strength tests.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the measurements before the training. After the intervention, all of the measurements had improved significantly in both groups, with the average Lysholm score, H/Q% and peak torque of the experimental group significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Blood flow restriction training can improve the effectiveness of quadriceps femoris strength, knee stability and knee function training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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Objective To observe the anatomical and histological features of anterolateral ligament (ALL)in the knee of Chinese adults,so as to identify the existence of ALL and provide an anatomical foundation for clinical reconstruction.Methods Ten adult knee specimens were randomly selected to be dissected,and the femoral,tibial and meniscus attachment points of the ALL were observed.The length,width and thickness were measured using the vernier caliper after the dissection.Three specimens were subjected to histological staining in the end.Results (1)ALL originated from the lateral femoral condyle—the same point of the lateral collateral ligament femoral side or the distal-anterior side,with its body divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.The starting point of tibial side ALL was located at the mid-point of Gerdy's tubercle to fibula head,below tibial cartilage edge,with the meniscus point located in the lateral meniscus anterior horn and body junction area.(2) The average length of ALL is 38.89 ± 4.67 mm.The width in the femur,tibial attachment point was fan-shaped spread connected with sclerotin,being the narrowest at the joint line.The width at the femur,tibial attachment point and the joint line was 8.49 ± 1.36 mm,8.15 ± 1.38 mm and 6.49 ± 1.09 mm respectively,with the thickness of 1.33 ± 0.38 mm.The distance from tibia attachment points to the Gerdy's tubercle,fibular head and tibia cartilage margin was 22.59 ± 3.04 mm,21.15 ± 2.78 mm and 5.76 ± 0.57 mm respectively.(3) HE staining showed that ALL was dense connective tissue consisting of parallel arranged collagen fibers,while S-100 staining indicated that ALL contained sensory motor nerve fibers.Conclusion ALL is independent of the joint capsule and originates from the femoral lateral condyle.Its body is divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.
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Objective: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly torned ligament in the sporting activities, athletes desiring to return to physical activities that require use of the ACL need surgical reconstruction and proper rehabilitation. In the recent years, there have been advancements in the surgical techniques as the femoral tunnel positioning has been shifted from vertical position to more stable oblique position, thus it is a necessary to investigate the effect of early mobilization with the double elbow crutches and its outcome responses. Methods: Total 40 subjects of day one post ACL oblique repair with mean age of 30±3.6 yrs. were participated in the study. Subjects were divided into Group-A and Group-B for rehabilitation with double elbow crutches and walker respectively, along with conventional exercises for 6 weeks. At 4th week both crutches and walker were discarded in both groups. Rehabilitation outcomes were assessed by static, dynamic stability and lysholm knee functional score were assessed at 4th, 6th weeks post operatively for both groups. Results: There was significant difference between static, dynamic stability and lysholm knee functional score at 4th and 6th weeks when compared within each group (p<0.001). Between group comparison showed insignificant difference in outcomes such as static stability (p=0.18; p=0.55) dynamic stability (p=0.09; p=0.06) and lysholm score (p=0.51; 0.65) at 4th and 6th week post repair respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that knee Stability and lysholm functional knee score was significantly improved by early mobilization with double elbow crutches and walker independently although there is no significant difference between double elbow crutches and walker in post oblique ACL surgical repair rehabilitation.