Lymphatic vasculature in tumor metastasis and immunobiology / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Lymphatic vessels are essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and intestinal lipid absorption. The lymphatics have long been recognized to serve as conduits for distant tumor dissemination. However, recent findings suggest that the regional lymphatic vasculature also shapes the immune microenvironment of the tumor mass and potentiates immunotherapy. This review discusses the role of lymphatic vessels in tumor metastasis and tumor immunity.

Lymphatic vasculature in tumor metastasis and immunobiology / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Lymphatic vessels are essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and intestinal lipid absorption. The lymphatics have long been recognized to serve as conduits for distant tumor dissemination. However, recent findings suggest that the regional lymphatic vasculature also shapes the immune microenvironment of the tumor mass and potentiates immunotherapy. This review discusses the role of lymphatic vessels in tumor metastasis and tumor immunity.

Chemical constituents in stems of Neocinnamomum delavayi / 中草药

To investigate the chemical constituents in the stems of Neocinnamomum delavayi. The compounds were isolated by silica gel, MCI gel, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative HPLC, and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Seventeen compounds were isolated from the 80% EtOH extract in the stems of N. delavayi, including four phenolic glucosides, three lignans, six sesquiterpenoids, three flavonoids, and one sterol. They were identified as 6-O-syringoyl-1-O-vanilloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 6-O-acetyl-1-O-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl)-β-D-glucopyra-noside (2), 1, 6-di-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), lirioresinol B dimethyl ether (5), sesartemin (6), (+)-9'-O-(E)-feruloyl-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol (7), oplodiol (8), cryptomeridiol (9), 4-epicryptomeridiol (10), 7α, 11-dihydroxy-cadin-10 (14)-ene (11), (-)-clovane-2, 9-diol (12), phaseic acid (13), catechin (14), epicatechin (15), trans-dihydroquercetin (16), and (24S)-24-ethylcholsta-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (17). Compounds 1 and 2 are two new phenolic glucosides named neocinnamosides A and B, respectively, while compounds 3-17 are isolated from the plants of genus Neocinnamomum Liou for the first time.

Tratamiento de la litiasis piélica con el litotritor Mododulith slx-mx (storz) / Treatment of the pyelic lithiasis using the Mododulith slx-mx (storz)lithotriptor

La litiasis urinaria es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia y recurrencia, a la que los hospitales no pueden dar solución quirúrgica con la celeridad necesaria. La litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEC) es la primera opción de tratamiento y las tasas de resolución fluctúan del 33 al 90 por ciento. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar nuestros resultados con la utilización del litotritor Mododulith slx-mx (storz) para el tratamiento monoterápico de la litiasis de la pelvis renal. Se incluyeron pacientes con litiasis piélica que no hubieran recibido otro tratamiento. Se conformaron 4 grupos según la superficie litiásica y se relacionaron con la terapéutica (sesiones, ondas de choque, energía, complicaciones, aplicación de procedimientos auxiliares, maniobras complementarias y evolución). El mayor número de pacientes tenía cálculos de hasta 2 cm², y más del 92 por ciento fueron resueltos con una sola sesión. Más del 94 por ciento no presentó complicaciones y no se necesitaron procedimientos auxiliares en más del 97 por ciento de los casos. . Se lograron buenos resultados en más del 97 por ciento de los casos mediante LEC monoterápica de la litiasis piélica de hasta 4 cm² utilizando el litotritor Mododulith slx-mx (storz). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en los cálculos de hasta 3 cm² y más del 99 por ciento de éstos correspondieron a los cálculos de hasta 2 cm². Las ventajas de este equipo se deben, sobre todo, a su alta eficacia y al hecho de que logra una fragmentación fina que facilita la eliminación total de los cálculos. Por esta razón, se consigue una alta tasa de resolución, sin restos de la litiasis en más del 97 por ciento de los casos y con un mínimo de maniobras complementarias(AU)

The urinary lithiasis is a disease with a high prevalence and recurrence and the hospitals can not give a surgical solution as quickly as possible. The shock waves extracorporeal lithotripsy (SWEL) is the first choice of treatment and the resolution rates fluctuate from 33 to 90 percent. The objective of present study was to analyze our results using the Mododulith slx-mx (storz) lithotriptor for the monotherapy of renal pelvis lithiasis. The patients presenting with pyelic lithiasis and any other treatment were included in study that were divided into four groups according the lithiasis surface and were related to therapeutics (sessions, chock waves, energy, complications and application of auxiliary procedures, complementary manoeuvres and course). RESULTS. Most of patients had 2 cm² calculi and more than the 92 percent were solved with only one session. More than 94 percent had not complications without auxiliary procedures in more than 97 percent of the cases. It was possible to obtain good results in more than 97 percent of the cases using monotherapy-SWEL of pyelic lithiasis of 4 cm² using the Mododulith slx-mx (storz) lithotriptor. The better results were obtained in calculi of 3 cm² and more than the 99 percent belongs to calculi of 2 cm². The advantages of this device were mainly due to its high effectiveness level and to fact that it achieves a fine fragmentation allowing the total removal of calculi. Thus, it is possible to obtain a high rate resolution without rests of lithiasis in more than 97 percent of the cases and with a minimum of complementary manoeuvres(AU)

Resultados de la litotricia extracorpórea utilizando el litotritor MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ) para el tratamiento de la litiasis ureteral / Results of the shock waves extracorporeal lithotripsy using the MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ) lithotriptor for treatment or ureteral lithiasis

INTRODUCCIÓN. La litiasis del uréter constituye una gran preocupación para los médicos debido a que frecuentemente ocasiona una uropatía obstructiva y el deterioro progresivo de la función renal ipsolateral, estado patológico de alta prevalencia, por lo que los hospitales con frecuencia no pueden dar solución quirúrgica con la celeridad necesaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los resultados de la litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEC) con el litotritor MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ) para el tratamiento de la litiasis ureteral. MÉTODOS. Se incluyeron 598 pacientes con litiasis radiopaca del uréter, atendidos en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2008. Se conformaron 4 grupos según la localización del cálculo: en la unión pieloureteral (UPU) (96), uréter lumbar (UL) (263), iliaco (UI) (40), pelviano (UP) (199) y se analizó su relación con la superficie litiásica, sesiones de tratamiento, maniobras complementarias previas a la litotricia, aplicación de procedimientos auxiliares posteriores, resolución definitiva por otra técnica quirúrgica y eficacia terapéutica. La colimación se realizó por fluoroscopia. RESULTADOS. El mayor número de cálculos se localizó en el uréter lumbar, y en segundo lugar, en el uréter pelviano. El tamaño medio de la litiasis fue de 0,8 ± 0,5233 cm2, en rango de 0,09-4 cm2. La media de sesiones utilizadas fue de 1,24 ± 0,531, rango de 1-4. Se realizaron maniobras complementarias previas en 72 pacientes (12,04 por ciento) y la más utilizada fue la nefrostomía percutánea (40; 6,6 por ciento). Después de la LEC fue necesaria la conversión a otro procedimiento para la solución del 4,68 por ciento de los casos. La LEC fue eficaz en el 95,32 por ciento, con mejores resultados en el UP (96,99 por ciento) y peores en el UI (92,50 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES. Los resultados fueron buenos utilizando el litotritor MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en el uréter pelviano y en general es posible considerar la LEC como la primera opción terapéutica de la litiasis ureteral(AU)

INTRODUCTION. Ureter lithiasis is a concern for physicians because frequently provokes an obstructive uropathy and a progressive deterioration of ipsilateral renal function and a high prevalence of pathological state that is why the hospitals can not give a surgical solution as quickly as possible. The objective of present research was to know the results of the shock waves extracorporeal lithotripsy (SWEL) using the MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ) lithotriptor for treatment or ureteral lithiasis. METHODS. In present research 598 patients presenting with ureter radiopaque lithiasis, seen in the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from January, 2007 to December, 2008, divided into four groups according to the calculus localization: in pyeloureteral joint (PUJ) (96), lumbar ureter (LU) (263), iliac joint (IJ) (40), pelvic joint (PJ) (199) analyzing its relationship with lithiasis surface, treatment sessions, complementary manoeuvres previous to lithotripsy, application of subsequent auxiliary procedures, definite resolution using other surgical technique and therapeutical effectiveness. Collimation was carried out by fluoroscopy. RESULTS. Most of calculi were located in the lumbar ureter and in the second place in pelvic ureter. The mean size of lithiasis was of 0,8 ± 0,5233 cm2 in the rank of 0,09-4 cm2. The mean of sessions used was of 1,24 ± 0,531, in the rank of 0,09-4 cm2. The mean of sessions used was of 1,24 ± 0,531, rank of 1-4. In 72 patients 12,04 percent) previous complementary manoeuvres were carried out and the more used one was the percutaneous nephrostomy (40; 6,6 percent). After SWEL it was necessary the conversion to other procedure for solution of 4,68 percent of the cases. The SWEL was effective in the 95,32 percent with better results in the UP (96,99 percent) and with worse results in the IJ (92,50 percent). CONCLUSIONS. The results were good using the MODULITH SLX-MX (STORZ) lithotriptor. The better results were obtained in the pelvic ureter and in general, it is possible to consider the SWEL as the first therapeutical choice of ureteral lithiasis(AU)

Impaired DNA Synthesis by Copper Cytotoxicity in LEC Mutant Rat / 대한해부학회지

Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) mutant rat, which spontaneously develops a necrotizing hepatic injury at 4 ~5 months of age, reveals an excess hepatic copper accumulation and is a good model for studying the detail mechanism of cellular copper toxicity. We have observed the effects of copper toxicity on DNA synthesis upon growth stimulation by treating primary-cultured hepatocytes of LEC rat with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin. DNA synthesis measured by [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation and DNA synthesis S-phase cells in LEC rat significantly decreased when compared to those of normal F344 rat. Since DNA synthesis was impaired in LEC rat, we examined the detail mechanism by determining the histone content, which are involved in DNA stability, and the phosphorylation of nuclear protein. However, the histone contents and phosphorylated nuclear protein upon growth stimulation was intact in LEC rat. These results suggest that a cellular event other than protein phosphorylation required for the initiation of DNA synthesis upon growth stimulation is impaired by copper cytotoxicity in LEC rat.

The effect of ginsenoside-Rg1 on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rabbit lens epithelial cell induced by oxidative injuries / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To investigate the effect of Rg1 on the expression of apoptosis related genes of LEC induced by experimental oxidative injuries.Methods:All fresh transparent lenses of rabbit except those in the control group were bathed in a culture medium with 300?mol/L hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)to establish cataract models in vitro.Meanwhile Rg1 were added to the culture medium and incubated for 24 hours.The anterior capsules were used in the following study.The expressions of apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax protein were studied by immunohisto chemical techniques.Results:Bcl-2 and Bax protein were expressed in LEC of normal rabbit lens.Expression of Bcl-2 protein was much stronger than that of Bax protein.The expression of Bcl 2 protein was down-regulated and that of Bax protein was up-regulated in H2O2 group when compared with the control group,so the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was lower.Rg1 up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2,and down-regulated that of Bax protein;the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was higher.There were significant differences in the range of ratio changes compared to that of the taurine group.Conclusion:Rg1 can up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2,and down-regulate that of Bax protein,to increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax;while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated and that of Bax protein was up-regulated in the H2O2 group.The molecular mechanisms of both H2O2 inducing apoptosis of LEC and natural anti-oxidants restraining apoptosis of LEC may be related to the expressions of apoptosis-related gens Bcl-2 and Bax.

A Case of Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma Arising from the Parotid Gland

Undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of salivary glands is rare disease, the incidence of which is highest among the Inunit of Greenland and North America. By the way, the relation of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) with this tumor has not been studied to any great extent here in Korean because of rare number of cases. Correlations between lymphoepithelioma and EBV have been investigated with morphologic and pathologic evaluation. Recently, nonnasopharyngeal neoplasms, which have morphologic features identical to those lymphoepithelioma, called lymphoepithelioma- like carcinoma(LEC). We experienced the treatment of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma arising from the parotid gland and a case is presented with the review of literatures.

The experiment on the course of the transdifferentiation from iris pigmented epithelial cell to lens epithelial cell / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective: To accomplish the detachment and culture of IPE in vitro and to investigate the course of the transdifferentiation from iris pigmented epithelial cell to lens epithelial cell during the specific condition.Methods: The IPE of rabbits were detached and cultivated according to the method of enzyme-assisted microdissection.Then the IPE were cultivated in the culture medium appending with PTU? Huase? rhFGF-4? Asc-2P and so on.Finally the initiative and the ultimate cells were respectively identified by microscope?electroscope and the method of immunohistochemistry.Results: The IPE of rabbits were successfully detached and cultivated and the course of the transdifferentiation was observed.The IPE and LEC were identified by their particular reaction to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion: It is a good method to detach IPE by enzyme-assisted microdissection.During in vitro culture,IPE can undergo the course of transdifferentiation and turn into LEC finally.This experiment suggest that those factors such as PTU? Huase? rhFGF-4? Asc-2P and so on may be involved the regulation of the course of transdifferentiation.

GENE THERAPY FOR HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOMA IN LEC RAT BY INTRODUCING HUMAN ATP7B cDNA / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the possibility of affecting transgenic therapy for the hepatic cirrhosis and hepatoma in Wilson disease by human ATP7B cDNA. Methods The 7.1*!kb transgene consisting of human ATP7B cDNA and chiken ?-actin promoter was introduced into the LEC rats which is an animal model of Wilson disease by microinjection.The plasma AST and ALT activities in transgenic rats were measured continuously from weeks 17 to 30 using non-transgenic and LEA rats as controls.The histological and histochemistry changes of liver in the transgenic rats at 30 and 60 weeks of age were examined. Results The plasma AST and ALT activities in transgenic rats were kept at the relatvie lower levels from 17 to 60 weeks of age, as compared to the age-matched non-transgenic rats.By the age of 60 weeks,none of the transgenic males developed cholangiofibrosis or hepatoma,whereas all of the non-transgenic rasts had severe cholangiofibrosis at the age of 30 weeks and one male rat had hepatoma at 60 weeks.The transgenic rats were phenotypically normal,and the survival rate was 95.7%.In addition,the distribution and the numbers of the granules of stained copper in the hepatocytes of the transgenic rats did not show any significant difference between 30 and 60 weeks.Conclusion The human ATP7B successfully delayed the onset of hepatic cirrhosis,and suppressed the development of hepatoma in the LEC rats by gene transfer.The hepatic cirrhosis and hepatoma in Wilson disease may be not directly related to the copper accumulation.

TRANSGENIC RESCUE FROM FULMINANT HEPATITIS IN LEC RAT BY INTRODUCING HUMAN ATP7B cDNA / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the possibility of affecting transgenic rescue for Wilson disease using the human ATP7B transgenic LEC rat.Methods The 7.1kb transgene constructed with human ATP7B cDNA and chicken ?-actin promoter was introduced into the fertilized oocytes of LEC rats, an animal model of Wilson disease, by microinjection. The expressions of human ATP7B protein in the transgenic rats were detected by Western blot. The plasma AST and ALT activities, and the total bilirubin levels in transgenic rats were measured continuously from 6 to 16 weeks using non-transgenic rats and LEA rat as controls. The pathological and histochemistry changes in the liver of the transgenic rats at 13 weeks were analyzed. Results The intact and correct product derived from human ATP7B was confirmed in the liver of transgenic rats. At the age around 12 weeks, the plasma AST and ALT activities, and the total bilirubin levels in transgenic rats were significantly decreased, while the inflammatory reation in the liver of transgenic rats was much mild as compared with that of non-transgenic rats, and the granules of stained copper were less in the hepatocytes of transgenic rats. By the age of 16 weeks, the transgenic rats were phenotypically normal, and the survival rate was 100%. These data showed that the LEC rats were successfully rescued from fulminant hepatitis after introducing of human ATP7B gene. Conclusion The hepatitis in Wilson disease is directly related to the toxicity of excessive accumulated copper, which attributed to the functional deficiency of the ATP7B. Gene transfer probably is the effective method for the therapy of Wilson disease.