The possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia: a quick systematic review based on earlier coronavirus clinical studies / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia by systematically review earlier coronavirus studies.@*Methods@#Systematically retrieve relevant clinical studies from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,VIP, Wangfang Data,CBM,PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE. In addition, information from Chinese bio-medical journals, WHO, US CDC, Chinese CDC websites and the references from published relevant articles were retrieved. The inclusion period is from January 2003 to January 24, 2020. The criteria for inclusion are: (1) studies that aim to compare LPV/r and placebo/standard for SARS, MERS; (2) studies that include at least one clinical outcome; (3) studies with diagnosis criteria meeting WHO requirement on SARS or MERS; (4) data from multiple reports but originated from one study, where we extract information from all reports; (5) guidelines, includes: national or academic guidelines/experts 'consensus. The exclude criteria are: 1) only have abstracts but no full information; 2) in vitro studies. Two reviewers independently review articles and extract data on study design, patients, diagnosis criteria, regimen, and clinical outcomes (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, steroids dosage, chest image and adverse responses).@*Results@#Two hundred and thirty potential article were found by screening, and narrow down to forty-four articles for evaluation and finally four studies were included. The results of included studies indicate the early use of LPV/r regimen can reduce the mortality of SARS and MERS, and reduce steroids dosing.@*Conclusions@#ILPV/r can be used as a component of experimental regimen for treat 2019-nCoV pneumonia. It strongly suggests that initiating real world studies to explore the true clinical effects of LPV/r on 2019-nCoV patients.

The possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus （2019-nCov）pneumonia: a quick systematic review based on earlier coronavirus clinical studies / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the possibility of using Lopinave/Litonawe (LPV/r) as treatment for novel coronavirus 2019-nCov pneumonia by systematically review earlier coronavirus studies.@*Methods @#Systematically retrieve relevant clinical studies from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,VIP,Wangfang Data,CBM,PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE. In addition, information from Chinese biomedical journals, WHO, US CDC, Chinese CDC websites and the references from published relevant articles were retrieved. The inclusion period is from January 2003 to January 24, 2020. The criteria for inclusion are:(1) studies that aim to compare LPV/r and placebo/standard for SARS, MERS; (2) studies that include at least one clinical outcome; (3) studies with diagnosis criteria meeting WHO requirement on SARS or MERS; (4)data from multiple reports but originated from one study, where we extract information from all reports; (5)guidelines, includes: national or academic guidelines/experts ‘consensus. The exclude criteria are: 1) only have abstracts but no full information; 2) in vitro studies. Two reviewers independently review articles and extract data on study design, patients, diagnosis criteria, regimen, and clinical outcomes (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, steroids dosage, chest image and adverse responses). @*Results@#Two hundred and thirty potential article were found by screening, and narrow down to forty-four articles for evaluation and fnally four studies were included. The results of included studies indicate the early use of LPV/r regimen can reduce the mortality of SARS and MERS, and reduce steroids dosing. @*Conclusions@#ILPV/r can be used as a component of experimental regimen for treat 2019-nCoV pneumonia. It strongly suggests that initiating real world studies to explore the true clinical effects of LPV/r on 2019-nCoV patients.

Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad en pacientes de Villavicencio, Colombia / Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Villavicencio, Colombia

Introducción: los Staphylococcus aureus son patógenos muy versátiles, con capacidad de causar un gran rango de enfermedades en los humanos. Sin embargo, el papel que juegan sus factores de virulencia en el desarrollo de las infecciones no se ha entendido completamente. Algunos tipos clonales están muy bien equipados para causar enfermedad en todas las personas, mientras que otros causan enfermedad solo a algunos miembros de una comunidad. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina adquiridas en la comunidad en pacientes de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal, en 46 muestras obtenidas de absceso, secreción, sangre, orina, líquido pericárdico, líquido pleural, aspirado traqueal, forúnculo. Los individuos participantes no estuvieron hospitalizados en los últimos meses, ni recibieron tratamiento antimicrobiano y no presentaron signos y/o síntomas clínicos. Los aislamientos fueron identificados por pruebas convencionales microbiológicas y se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana para los diferentes antibióticos a través de MicroScan™ Pos Combo Panel Type pc 24 (Dade Behring, USA). Se detectaron los genes nuc, mecA y LukS-PV relacionados con la identificación y virulencia de esta especie. Resultados: de las 46 muestras analizadas, el 100 por ciento resultaron positivas para S. aureus, de éstas 46 (100 %) fueron resistentes a meticilina y 44 (95,6 por ciento) presentaron el gen para la LPV. Conclusiones: en Colombia y específicamente en Villavicencio poco se conoce de la epidemiologia del SARM- AC. Deben realizarse estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica y tipificación molecular que nos acerquen a entender más el comportamiento de su epidemiologia y así mismo diseñar mejores estrategias de prevención y control(AU)

Introduction: staphylococcus aureus is a very versatile pathogen, with a capacity to cause a great range of conditions in humans. However, the role played by its virulence factors in the development of infection is not thoroughly understood. Some clonal types are very well equipped to cause disease in all persons, whereas others only affect some members of a community. Objective: determine the prevalence of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in patients from the city of Villavicencio in Colombia. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was conducted of 46 samples obtained from abscesses, secretions, blood, urine, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, tracheal aspirates and boils. Participants had not been hospitalized in recent months nor had they received any antimicrobial treatment, and they did not present any clinical signs and/or symptoms. The isolates were identified by means of conventional microbiological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the various antibiotics was determined using MicroScan™ Pos Combo Panel Type pc 24 (Dade Behring, USA). The genes nuc, mecA and LukS-PV were detected. These are related to the identification and virulence of the study species. Results: of the 46 samples analyzed, 46 (100 percent) were positive for S. aureus, 46 (100 percent) were resistant to methicillin and 44 (95.6 percent) contained the LPV gene. Conclusions: in Colombia and specifically in Villavicencio, little is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA. Epidemiological screening and molecular typing studies should be conducted to gain insight into the epidemiology of CA-MRSA and design better prevention and control strategies(AU)

Infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en un hospital de agudos / Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a hospital for acute diseases

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SAMR) es uno de los principales agentes asociados a infecciones intrahospitalarias; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha surgido como un patógeno emergente de la comunidad, causando infecciones graves, principalmente en jóvenes. Se describen 33 casos de infecciones por SAMR de origen comunitario, diagnosticadas entre mayo de 2005 y junio de 2006 en el HIGA "Eva Perón". Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los aislamientos; se confirmó la resistencia a meticilina mediante la detección del gen mecA, se investigó la presencia de genes que codifican dos factores de virulencia (leucocidina de Panton-Valentine -LPV- y g-hemolisina) y el tipo de casete mec mediante PCR. Todos los pacientes se encontraban sanos previamente. Cuatro pacientes menores de 12 años presentaron bacteriemia, uno con neumonía grave y los 3 restantes con infección osteoarticular; todos los pacientes mayores de 12 años presentaron infecciones de piel y partes blandas sin compromiso sistémico. Se constató la presencia de casete mec tipo IV en todos los aislamientos; la resistencia a meticilina no se acompañó de resistencia a otros antimicrobianos; los aislamientos fueron portadores de genes que codifican para LPV y para g-hemolisina. Es importante considerar la presencia de estas cepas de origen comunitario a fin de elaborar estrategias para su correcto tratamiento.

Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent pathogens associated with nosocomial infections. However, most recently, MRSA has arisen as an emerging community pathogen, causing serious infections, mainly among young patients. We herein describe 33 cases of infections caused by community-acquired MRSA (CMRSA), diagnosed between May 2005 and June 2006, at "Eva Perón" Hospital. The isolations were retrospectively studied. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by means of the detection of the mecA gene, and the genes for two virulence factors (Panton-Valentine Leucocidin -PVL- and g-haemolysin) as well as the cassette mec type were screened by PCR. All the patients were previously healthy. Four patients under 12, presented bacteremia, one had serious pneumonia, and the three remaining patients had osteoarticular infections; all the patients over 12, had skin and soft tissue infections without systemic damage. The C-MRSA strains harboured cassette mec type IV, and the PVL and g-haemolysin genes. They were methicillin-resistant, with no other associated resistances. It is important to consider the presence of these community- acquired strains in order to develop strategies for their correct treatment.

CONFIRMATION REGARDING SECULAR TREND IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIQUE AND MOTOR FITNESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN / 体力科学

Cross-sectional growth and developmental data on physique and motor fitness in preschool children aged 3.75 to 6.25 years were obtained at ten year intervals between 1969 and 1999. This study attempted to verify the secular trends in growth and development in preschool children (four- and five-year-old boys and girls) using the wavelet interpolation method (WIM). Height and weight were used for physique, and 20 m dash, standing long jump, and tennis ball throwing for motor fitness. The growth distance and velocity curve for physique and motor fitness of children aged 3.75 to 6.25 years in 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999 were described using the WIM, and the age at local peak velocity (LPV) was derived from the velocity curve. The age at LPV of the physique in boys and girls shifts annually, as does that of motor fitness. Thus, the maturation level was inferred to be early. However, no clear association was shown with age at LPV of physique and motor fitness. A trend was shown for the velocity curve to become more gradual on an annual basis for motor fitness, and a decrease in exercise stimulation of the body was inferred to reflect individual biological variation.