Discussion on Development Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing Granules and Survival Strategy of Enterprises / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As an important complementary form of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， TCM dispensing granules has the advantages of being free of decoction， easy to take， easy to carry and easy to be dispensed， which greatly improves the capacity of emergency services of TCM and is more in line with the needs of modern society. With the end of the pilot project of TCM dispensing granules， the market has been fully liberalized， the competition has been intensified， and it is in the transition period of switching between the new standard and the old one， and there are some problems such as the shortage of varieties， the change of specifications and the difference of quality， and the production enterprises are facing new opportunities and challenges. Based on this， the authors intend to systematically sort out the policies and regulations， enterprise layout and standard formulation since the pilot of TCM dispensing granules. In view of the problems in the post-pilot stage and from the perspective of survival and development of enterprises， it is suggested that enterprises should establish a quality control system for the whole industry chain of TCM dispensing granules to reduce process costs and increase enterprise competitiveness， further increase the investment in scientific research， overcome the key technical problems of difficult varieties， actively and orderly promote the research of national standards， in order to ensure the integrity of clinical formula varieties， and establish and improve the efficacy evaluation mechanism of TCM dispensing granules， build a consistency evaluation system between TCM dispensing granules and decoction pieces. Government departments should strengthen the guidance， fully mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific research institutions， enterprises and hospitals， and explore the establishment of "government-industry-study-research-application" mode to promote the development of TCM dispensing granule industry.

Impact of the environmental layout of the neonatal intensive care unit on clinical outcomes and neurological development in very/extremely preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the impact of the environmental layout of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on clinical outcomes and neurological development in very/extremely preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A total of 304 very/extremely preterm infants admitted to Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2021 and June 2022 within 24 hours after birth were included in this retrospective cohort study. Based on different environmental layouts in the NICU, the infants were divided into two groups: centralized layout group (n=157) and decentralized layout group (n=147). The clinical outcomes and Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) scores at corrected gestational age between 34 to 51+6 weeks were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The decentralized layout group had lower incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (44.9% vs 62.4%, P<0.05) and intracranial hemorrhage (17.7% vs 28.0%, P<0.05) than the centralized layout group. The cure rate was higher in the decentralized layout group compared to the centralized layout group (68.7% vs 56.7%, P<0.05). The decentralized layout group had higher TIMP scores than the centralized layout group at corrected gestational age between 34 to 51+6 weeks (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The decentralized layout of the NICU exhibits positive effects on the clinical outcomes and early neurological development compared to the centralized layout in very/extremely preterm infants.

Challenges and countermeasures in building national regional medical centers for mental health / 中华医院管理杂志

As guided by the policy of building national regional medical centers, it is imperative to advance the construction of the national regional medical centers for mental health to achieve the sustainable and balanced development of the mental health cause of the country. The authors summarized the current status of national regional medical centers, and analyzed challenges faced in management and operation mode, government investment and compensation mechanism, expansion of high-quality psychiatric medical resources, as well as research and innovation of mental diseases of these centers. On such basis, the authors put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the next stage of development.

Research on the multi-campus construction of public hospitals: Peking Union Medical College Hospital as an example / 中华医院管理杂志

Multi-campus operation is an important and effective means for high-quality development of public hospitals and balanced layout of high-quality medical resources. By way of literature review, the study identified problems encountered in the construction of multi-campus hospitals in China, with a tertiary general hospital cited as a case example. The authors introduced its multi-campus development practice from such aspects as campus discipline layout, homogeneous operation, performance assessment, management mode and cultural construction, along with suggestions for such practice in China.

Current status analysis and development strategy of united Organ Procurement Organization / 器官移植

With the reform of organ donation and transplantation in China, the establishment of Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) will become more centralized and enlarged in scale, evolving into the united OPO development stage coordinated by multiple hospitals. How to enhance the operation management and scientific development planning of united OPO has become an urgent and novel issue facing the administrators at all levels. At present, certain constraint factors of united OPO still exist in the integrated management, cost control, service homogenization, cultural integration and discipline layout. To give full play to the large-scale benefits and expand the supply of high-quality organ donation services, the development principle of putting connotation construction first and the appropriate direction of public welfare should be upheld. Leading and driving the development of organ donation services of our province are the responsibility, and discipline construction and talent training serve as the core. The overall development plan should be determined in a scientific pattern and homogeneous management should be implemented according to local conditions, aiming to provide successful experience for establishing a provincial unified OPO.

Enlightenment of COVID-19 epidemic on function and layout of China-Africa friendship hospital: from global health governance perspective / 中华医院管理杂志

The globalized epidemic of the COVID-19 forced the international community to reconsider the importance and urgency of global public health in world peace and development. The authors analyzed the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control situation in Africa, and discussed the functions and layout of China-Africa friendship hospitals from the perspective of global health governance. It was suggested that the functions of China-Africa friendship hospitals should be positioned as the high-level medical centers in Africa, regional medical and disease control linkage centers, regional health technology training centers, regional telemedicine collaboration center, and regional health policy research center.Furthermore, the layout of China-Africa friendship hospitals should respond to China′s assistance in the construction of Africa′s center for disease control and China-Africa′s cooperation plan for promoting the " one belt and one road" construction, and work together with the medical team to build a new pattern of medical integration and health care system for African disease prevention and control and medical treatment.

The Evolutionary Characteristics of Apple Production Layout in China from 1978 to 2016 / As características evolutivas do layout de produção da maçã na China de 1978 a 2016

ABSTRACT: Based on the apple acreage and output data of 23 provinces in China, the LMDI decomposition method and the barycenter analysis model were used to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of apple production in China from 1978 to 2016. The results showed that the apple acreage and output continued to increase, and the apple production layout has moved to south-westward; Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, and Xinjiang were the main contributors to the apple output increase in China; yield contributed more to apple output increase, the increase of yield was a significant contributing factor to the apple output growth in 17 provinces, whereas the expansion of apple acreage was a significant contributing factor in the other 6 provinces; the barycenter of apple acreage and output respectively moved to the southwest by 506.63 kilometers and 574.12 kilometers, and the barycenter of apple production gradually shifted to the Loess Plateau. To stabilize the effective supply of apple and maintain industrial security, the policymakers should attach importance to the fundamental role of technological progress in the development of the apple industry, and bring into play the technological progress, economic, social, and environmental effects of apple industry agglomeration by optimizing the apple production layout and strengthening policy guidance and regulatory measures.

RESUMO: Com base nos dados de área cultivada e produção de maçã de 23 províncias na China, o método de decomposição do LMDI e o modelo de análise de barcenter foram utilizados para analisar sistematicamente as características espaço-temporais da produção de maçã na China entre 1978 e 2016. Os resultados mostraram que a área cultivada de maçã e a produção continuou a aumentar, e o layout da produção da maçã mudou para o Sudoeste; Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning e Xinjiang foram os principais contribuintes para o aumento da produção de maçãs na China; o rendimento contribuiu mais para o aumento da produção de maçã, o aumento do rendimento foi fator de contribuição significativo para o crescimento da produção de maçã em 17 províncias, enquanto a expansão da área cultivada de maçã foi fator de contribuição significativo nas outras 6 províncias; o baricentro da área cultivada e a produção de maçãs se deslocaram para o Sudoeste em 506,63 quilômetros e 574,12 quilômetros respectivamente. O baricentro da produção de maçãs mudou gradualmente para o platô de Loess. Para estabilizar o fornecimento efetivo de maçã e manter a segurança industrial, os formuladores de políticas devem atribuir importância ao papel fundamental do progresso tecnológico no desenvolvimento da indústria da maçã e colocar em jogo o progresso tecnológico, os efeitos econômicos, sociais e ambientais da indústria da maçã aglomeração, otimizando o layout da produção da maçã e fortalecendo a orientação política e as medidas regulatórias.

Experimental study and reflection on peacetime and wartime reconstruction of large general hospitals in public health emergencies / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To propose the architectural layout for the big general hospital in the face of public health emergencies, we analyzed the conditions, methods, problems and countermeasures for the reconstruction of the isolation ward from the existing medical building layout of a general hospital. The affected areas met the requirements of isolation ward in the reconstruction, and realized the corresponding partition and separation of people. But the cost of occupying the medical room should be concerned. General hospital should be alerted to potential risks of public health emergencies. The characteristics of different construction types, defects, and the function of the hospital should be considered in the construction, rebuilding, and expansion of the hospital, which shouldnot only meet the needs of the development of the hospital daily usage but also consider dealing with emergent public health events. We can adopt the reasonable layout, including setting up a firewall-like device between the channel and the floor, an ordinary ward at ordinary times, and an independent space for emergency by pulling down the gate. This strategy can not only avoid the problem of low utilization rate of the space occupied by the corresponding area in the ward for diseases spread by air and droplets, maximizing the efficiency of the medical site, but also avoid the problem of emergency response to the temporary reconstruction.

Analysis on the layout of China’s emergency research projects during the public health emergency of COVID-19 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective@#To explore the main layout and countermeasures of Scientific research projects during the public health emergency of COVID-19.@*Methods@#Literature investigation method is applied to collect information of scientific research and emergency research projects of COVID-19 funded since January 20th by different entities including national, provincial and municipal administrative departments, public health agencies, research institutes, universities and industries.@*Results@#Along with priorities identified for the emergency response and key research agendas, the national science and technology authorities at all levels and scientific research institutions have deployed a series of new science and technology projects, as well as a number of supporting policies and measures.@*Conclusions@#In the campaign of science and technology to deal with COVID-19, the leadership of Chinese government and their coordination with local agencies facilitated quick response in both R&D investment and supporting policies. Periodical achievement is recognized so far, and with the continuous development and in-depth research, the related scientific research results will be gathered into the core force of epidemic prevention. Moreover, it will improve China's capacity to deal with health emergencies and the level of medical health innovation, and better protect the health of the people.

Patent analysis of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib / 国际药学研究杂志

The aim of this paper is to analyze the global patent layout of ibrutinib, the patent layout of key themes, and the original research company's patent layout of ibrutinib, so as to provide a reference for the related domestic drug companies to be acquainted with the patent status of the drug, and to select and decide their breakthrough points and market competition strategies. In this study, the drug name and drug structure were used as keywords for search in the patent databases CNABS and DWPI, and the results were combined with the search results from the International Online Search System STN. Then, the patent with ibrutinib as the invention point was selected and used for further analysis. Pharmacyclics has applied for 26 patents on ibrutinib in China, and the subject matter relates to compounds, compositions, new uses, dosage forms, preparation methods and so on. Among them, 4 patents have been granted, 8 patents have been rejected or overdue, and 14 patent applications are still pending. In order to break through the patent barriers of ibrutinib, Chinese pharmaceutical companies should always pay much attention to the patent approval process and the expiration status of patents from the original research company, and make full use of the intellectual property system to effectively protect their own innovations.

Layout and management of the surgical intensive care unit during the novel coronavirus infection epidemic period / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To discuss the key points of reconstruction from the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) to the negative pressure isolation ward which can treat patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP, COVID-19). Methods: The key points of the reconstruction are as follows: establishment of "three zones and two passages", transformation of the ventilation system, process management of personnel access room, and introduction of the visual management concept. Results: The reconstructed SICU can maintain the original space area. As for space layout, there are separate clean zone, semi-polluted zone and polluted zone as well as a separate passage for patients and medical personnel respectively, without the two groups of people contacting each other. To achieve positive air pressure in the clean zone, negative air pressure in the semi-polluted zone is -5 Pa to -10 Pa, and negative air pressure in the patient zone is -10 Pa to -20 Pa. And we ensure that the pressure difference (negative pressure) in adjacent rooms with the same pollution level is not less than 5 Pa. Under normal circumstances, the pressure can be switched to positive one for admission of general ICU patients. Results: Through the reconstruction, the SICU can meet the requirements of treatment of COVID-19 patients. The main points of reconstruction are space layout and the air conditioning and ventilation system.

Analysis of Retail Pharmacy Layout in Liaoning Province Based on the Government Perspective / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate rationality of existing retail pharmacy layout in Liaoning province ，and to discuss the rationalization of retail pharmacy layout from the perspective of the government. METHODS ：By introducing the concept of coverage radius ，comprehensive use of population ，area，number of retail pharmacies ，average number of people covered by each retail pharmacy ，the difference between the number of pharmacies （calculated according to the coverage radius and area ）and the number of existing pharmacies ，the shortest distance between two retail pharmacies as indicators ，the overall retail pharmacies layout in 14 cities of Liaoning province and the specific layout of retail pharmacies in Shenyang were analyzed to put forward the idea of optimizing the retail pharmacies layout. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The correlation of the number of existing retail pharmacies in Liaoning province with the population and land area to a certain extent showed no obvious law ，with some degree randomness. The average number of people covered by each pharmacy is 1 917-4 157 in each city ；the average number of people covered by retail pharmacies in the remaining 10 cities like Yingkou is lower than the provincial average. The average number of people covered in Chaoyang and other 3 cities is higher ，with great development space. The number of existing retail pharmacies in 8 districts and counties such as Tiexi district do not meet the actual needs of consumers （the number of existing pharmacies is 2- 3 921 less than the number of due pharmacies ），while the number of existing retail pharmacies in 3 districts such as Shenhe district far exceeds the required number （the number of existing pharmacies is 142-248 more than the number of due pharmacies ）. There is a problem of too small spacing between adjacent retail pharmacies （the minimum distance is less than 500 m）. The distribution of retail pharmacies in Liaoning province is unbalanced ，and there is insufficient demand in some areas. When optimizing of retail pharmacies layout ，the government should establish a double objective evaluation system ，which is fair （measured by the maximum distance between the uncovered demand area and the nearest retail pharmacies ）and efficient （measured by the sum of the number of retail drugstores needed for the existing layout and the number of new retail drugstores ）. It is also necessary to analyze and construct a retail pharmacies location model which is suitable for China ’s national conditions ，and consider the actual conditions of the parameters of the actual constraints and objective constraints ，so as to realize the overall optimization of retail drugstores .

Current situation and consideration of patent protection in classical representative famous prescriptions in China / 中国中药杂志

Classical Representative Famous Prescription is the valuable cultural heritage of Chinese medicine. In November 2018,the State Council issued the " Intensive Implementation of the National Intellectual Property Strategy in 2018 to Accelerate the Construction of IP Strong Country",explicitly proposing to strengthen the intellectual property protection of Classical Representative Famous Prescription.How about the current situation of intellectual property protection of lassical Representative Famous Prescription in China? We selected Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Shengmai Powder and Guizhi Fuling Pills( three representative drugs on market) from Chinese Pharmacopoeia2015 Volume I issued by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission to analyze their patent layout,reflecting its status quo of patent protection as follows: first,in recent years,the number of related patent applications for Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions has declined,which was positively correlated with the drug registration and approval policies in recent years,but the policy dividend has not been reflected in the patent application,which may be related to the long period of pharmaceutical R&D; secondly,the patent applicant in the field of Chinese medicine is mainly based on individuals,but the applicant of Classical Representative Famous Prescription is mainly of enterprises,and in addition,the company applicants have the highest authorization rate; thirdly,the main technologies are to improve preparation method and the dosage form in the research and development of Classical Representative Famous Prescription,but these two types of authorized patents have much difficulty in further application on the market. Therefore,the innovative entities shall look for a new breakthrough in secondary development and utilization of Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions.

Regional cultitvation and dynamic change of garden Ginseng in Changbai county based on multi-source and multi-temporal satellite remote sensing data / 中国中药杂志

The dried roots of Panax ginseng are used as medicines. In this paper,multi-time satellite sensing image data are used for image registration by radiometric correction,atmospheric pressure correction,the data of different years were compared. The multiscale segmentation of the sensing image was successively carried out by using object-oriented method. Combining with the characteristics of the sensing image participated in the field survey,the objective was to understand the speckles of the environmental parameters distribution map of Changbai county in 2017 and 2018. The parameter area of Changbai county was calculated by using GIS spatial analysis tools. The union,erase and intersect tools of " analysis to OLS" overlay in " Arc Toolbox" were used to analyze the parametric area of Changbai county from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that the parameter area of Changbai county in 2017 was 27 400 mu( 1 mu≈667 m2),and the parameter area in 2018 was 13 900 mu. The parameter area of the new park in Changbai County in 2018 was 12 500 mu,and the harvested area in 2017 was 27 000 mu. Through the analysis and study of the regional change of the park participating in the training area,it has significance for guiding the park participating in the actual production planning and layout in Changbai county in the next step.

Research on trend of international trade in “Belt and Road” of Chinese materia medica resources based on import and encouraging international perspective / 中草药

“The Belt and Road” initiative has put forward new requirements for the development of international trade in Chinese medicine resources. In the new era, the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources needs to build a new pattern of all-round opening up. Based on the theory of national competitive advantage in international trade and the theory of regional spatial economy, this paper provides a theoretical basis for upgrading the natural import pattern of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs to the new mode of resource economy in the international layout of Chinese medicine resources. The market development of medicinal materials resources also promotes the transformation and upgrades of the domestic traditional Chinese medicine resources industry. Therefore, it is proposed that the international trade of Chinese medicine resources in the new era is an upgraded version of “import trade”. It is a measure for the cultivation and development of the international market of Chinese herbal resources and economy. It is also a strategy to promote domestic scientific and efficient utilization, and provide a theoretical and method basis for formulating the policy of international distribution and optimization of the utilization of new Chinese medicine resources.

Valoración de la capacidad de almacenamiento en la Empresa de Suministros Médicos (EMSUNE) en Holguín, Cuba / Storage capacity evaluation of Medical Supplies Enterprise (EMSUME) in Holguín, Cuba

Introducción: en la actualidad, la logística empresarial es de vital importancia para el éxito de toda empresa. No obstante, existen disímiles restricciones que entorpecen el logro de sus objetivos, entre ellas, las capacidades de almacenamiento. Objetivo: analizar la gestión de almacenamiento, en la Empresa de Suministros Médicos (EMSUME) de Holguín, como contribución al incremento de la disponibilidad y oportunidad del arribo de los recursos, insumos, útiles y equipamiento necesario. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de los procedimientos disponibles, evaluar las capacidades de almacenamiento, tomando como base la literatura científica actual. Como resultado, se propone establecer un procedimiento integrador coherente, para emplear métodos y técnicas como: la revisión de documentos, entrevistas a directivos, observación directa, métodos de series de tiempos, relaciones causales, metaheurísticos, revisión bibliográfica, entrevista, tormenta de ideas, encuestas, técnicas de consenso y matriz OVAR (matriz de relación entre objetivos, variables, acciones y responsables). Resultados: se detectaron violaciones en los principios de almacenamiento como: productos almacenados en lugares inadecuados, deficiente organización en la planta de las naves y, una inadecuada tecnología de almacenamiento; por lo que se propusieron soluciones encaminadas a erradicar sus efectos negativos. Conclusiones: como principal contribución, destaca la nueva organización en la planta propuesta, que garantiza una utilización efectiva de sus capacidades; aunque todavía no alcanzan las capacidades necesarias, para certificar la disponibilidad de los recursos, insumos, útiles y el equipamiento necesario.

Introduction: nowadays, business and logistics are extremely important for every enterprise success. Nevertheless, performance constraints become obstacles, in this case of storage capacities. Objective: to analyze storage management at EMSUME, from Holguín, Cuba, for resources availability, input materials, tools, and equipment arrival opportunities. Methods: a research about procedures to accomplish storage capacity balance, using scientific current literature. As a result, a procedure for methods and techniques, such as: documents review, manager's interviews, direct observation, forecast methods like: time series, causal relations and meta-heuristic, bibliographic review, interview, brainstorming, surveys, consent techniques and OVAR Matrix (the relation between objectives, variables, actions and responsible), was proposed. Results: storage principles violations were detected. Unappropriated placed products, deficient layout and old storage technology, were proposed to find solutions for the adverse effects in the storage management. Conclusions: new layout stands, as a principal contribution. An effective capacity use, guarantee resources availability, input materials, tools and necessary equipment.

Layout design of operating area in Model 920 hospital ship / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To research the location,composition,zoning,flow and combination form of medical system of Model 920 hospital ship, and to provide theoretical support for the design of the hospital ship. Methods The layout of medical system of the hospital ship was constructed based on the theories of ship engineering design,hospital architecture design and naval health service as well as the requirements for height and internal environment of medical system.Results The mode combining multi corridor and single column was used to design 8 operating rooms and accessories in the midship of No.01 deck.Conclusion The multi-corridor single-column combination operating area occupies less ship space resources and the surgical treatment of wounded and sick patients is efficient, which is suitable for the platform of the ship and is worthy of reference for the design of the medical system of the large-scale rescue platform on the sea. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):39-43]

Application and optimization of field psychological emergency rescue chest / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To optimize the design of the field psychological emergency rescue chest.Methods The deficiencies of the chest were summarized during the drilling and actual application of the psychological rescue unit,and some optimization countermeasures were put forward accordingly.Results The chest was optimized from the aspects of selection of chest body, internal and external layout as well as equipped devices.Conclusion The optimized chest can better meet the needs of the disaster emergency rescue.

Parametric Study on Screw Layout of Internal Fixation System of Femoral Shaft Fracture Based on Orthogonal Experiment / 医用生物力学

Objective To evaluate the effects of locked plates with different screw layouts on stability of the internal fixation system for femoral shaft fracture, so as to provide guidance for clinical study on screw layout of the internal fixation system for femoral shaft fracture. Methods Orthogonal test design method was used with 4 groups of screws at 3 parametric levels. Biomechanical properties of the internal fixation system for femoral shaft fracture under 9 screw layouts were analyzed respectively by the finite element method, and 4 inspection indices, namely, the maximum equivalent stress of the plate, the screw and the femur, and the maximum axial displacement of the internal fixation system were obtained from each group of the experiment, and the orthogonal test weight matrix analysis method was conducted for data analysis. Results The influences of different screw parameters on stability of the internal fixation system varied, and the maximum weights of the 4 sets of screw parameters in stability of the internal fixation system were 13.86%, 7.57%, 7.53% and 5.91%, respectively. Conclusions The best scheme for screw layout in orthogonal test is the screw with none-fixed threaded holes in the first group, the single cortical screws with fixed threaded holes in the second group and the double cortical screws with fixed threaded holes in the third and fourth group.

Research on Evaluation Index System and Industry Level of Pharmaceutical Industry Spatial Layout / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To build the model of pharmaceutical industry space layout evaluation and explore the spatial layout of pharmaceutical industry. METHODS: Constructed the evaluation index system of the spatial distribution and designed the spatial layout model with the system cluster analysis method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on clustering analysis of 31 provinces, with the region and objective reality, according to the principle of similar level of development region, pharmaceutical industry spatial layout is divided into innovative research and technology area, manufacturing area, industry development hot spot area and other areas of four levels of industrial level.