Effectiveness of Teaching Lazarus Multifaceted Approach on Mental Health of the Elderly

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Lazarus multifaceted approach on mental health and well-being of elderly people in Tabriz city. The method of this research is applied. For this purpose, among all elderly women covered by health care institutions or in nursing homes of the elderly, 24 women The elderly of Tabriz city in 2012 and in two experimental and control groups (12 people) were selected by random sampling method. The experimental group was trained for 2 months in 10 sessions of 90 minutes in the Lazarus multifaceted training sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in both groups were performed and the results were reported in SPSS20 software using one-variable covariance test. Findings showed that teaching Lazarus' multifaceted approach on the happiness of elderly women in Tabriz has a significant level of P = 0.012,as well as teaching Lazarus multifaceted approach on mental health of elderly women in Tabriz at a significant level of P Has an impact. Therefore, we conclude that teaching Lazarus' multifaceted approach will increase the health and improve the mental health of the elderly.Clinical PracticeArticle

Chronic Brain-Dead Patients Who Exhibit Lazarus Sign / 대한신경손상학회지

Lazarus sign, a complex reflex movement of the upper limbs after brain death, is a rare occurrence. We report two patients who showed a Lazarus sign following a diagnosis of brain death. It has been accepted that cardiac arrest usually occurs within 1 week after brain death; however, the two patients described herein survived for over 100 days after brain death was diagnosed. This report is intended to examine the relationship between the Lazarus sign and long-term survival after brain death, as well as to share our rare experience.

The use of the software JST-XRD for identification of crystalline phases in pharmaceutical raw materials and tablets / Uso do software JST-XRD para identifcação de fases cristalinas em insumos farmacêuticos e medicamentos

Study of polymorphism is of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry once polymorphs may display different physicochemical properties, which, in turn, may result in stability differences that can bring problems for the manufacturing stages and the quality of fnal products. Although research on organic polymorphs has greatly increased in the last decades, it still does not cover all needs for the pharmaceutical market. Techniques such as spectroscopy in the infrared region, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, etc., can be used to identify polymorphism. The polymorphism is a property of the crystalline solid state, and can be evaluated by X-ray diffraction once each polymorph exhibits one specifc X-ray diffraction pattern. The JST-XRD program is a tool designed to help the identifcation of crystalline phases (including polymorphs) present in pharmaceutical ingredients and tablets by using X-ray diffraction data obtained from scientifc articles and patents. This paper presents new implementations for the JST-XRD and describes its use in the analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredient and marketed tablets of norfloxacin, mebendazole and atorvastatin calcium. By the means of comparison, JSTXRD allowed identifying the crystalline phases in the diffraction patterns of the analyzed drugs, showing the program suitability for polymorphism research, pre-formulation and quality control in pharmaceutical industries. JST-XRD can also be used for educational purposes in undergraduate and graduate programs in order to show the potentiality of X-ray powder diffraction in polymorphism analysis.(AU)

O estudo do polimorfsmo é de grande importância na indústria farmacêutica porque os polimorfos podem apresentar diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, podendo resultar em diferenças na estabilidade e desse modo causar problemas nas etapas de manufatura e no produto fnal. Embora a pesquisa de moléculas orgânicas que apresentam polimorfsmo tenha aumentado bastante nas últimas décadas, ainda não contempla todas as necessidades do mercado farmacêutico. Para a identifcação de polimorfsmo podem ser utilizadas técnicas como espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, ressonância nuclear magnética, análise térmica (DSC), difração de raios X, etc. O polimorfsmo, por ser uma propriedade do estado sólido e cristalino, pode ser avaliado através da difração de raios X, já que cada polimorfo apresenta um padrão de difração de raios X único. O programa JST-XRD é uma ferramenta projetada para auxiliar a identifcação de fases cristalinas, incluindo polimorfos, presentes em insumos farmacêuticos e comprimidos, usando dados de difração de raios X obtidos em artigos científcos e patentes. Esse trabalho apresenta novas implementações no JST-XRD e descreve seu uso na análise de amostras de princípio ativo e comprimidos comerciais de norfloxacino, mebendazol e atorvastatina cálcica. Através das comparações realizadas, JSTXRD permitiu identifcar todas as fases cristalinas dos difratogramas dos fármacos analisados, mostrando que o programa é adequado para pesquisa em polimorfsmo; na pré-formulação e controle de qualidade em indústrias farmacêuticas, assim como para uso didático em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação a fm de mostrar as potencialidades da difração de raios X na análise de polimorfsmo.(AU)

The Lazarus Syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

The Lazarus phenomenon is defined as delayed ROSC,or ROSC after failure of CPR and cessation of all the emergency medical care,including the cessation of chest compression,mechanical ventilation,and venous fluid resuscitation.It was first reported in 1982 and 53 cases of Lazarus phenomenon have been reported in the medical literature so far.Even though Lazarus phenomenon is rare and the pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood,several possible mechanisms are still proposed,which could be rational to explain this phenomenon,such as auto-PEEP,hyperkalemia,alkalosis,delayed action of drugs,etc.In most cases,it was reported that ROSC occurred within 10 minutes after cessation of medical effort.Therefore,before the announcement of death of patient,it is mandatory to monitor those patients for at least 10 minutes after the cessation of CPR.However,more explicit studies seem to be necessary to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon.

Rising From The Dead!

A report of a patient with Lazarus phenomenon (the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation) following cardiac arrest (myocardium ischemia) is presented. A 65 year patient was found unconscious at home. He taken to the emergency department On arrival he was unconscious, his pupils fixed and dilated bilaterally. Resuscitation proceeded for 55 minutes. He was then pronounced dead. Forty minutes later spontaneous breathing was noted and his blood pressure was 110/48 and heart rate 90bpm. He survived a further 13 days in the coronary care unit. The implications for management of cardiac arrest in the emergency and medical department are discussed.

St. Lazarus and Hansen's disease / 나학회지

The name of St. Lazarus is commonly found in relation with leprosarium throughout the world but the historical background about how it has been used is less well known. Originally Lazarus was the man who was resurrected by Jesus Christ four days after his death caused by an illness. Considering the unique personal history of Lazarus, it is understandable that Lazarus was revered as the patron for patients with serious illnesses in the society of Christianity thereafter. The actual popularity of his name in Europe was from the era of Crusade in Middle Age, when the Order having its name was first founded. The Order contributed greatly for the leprous patients rapidly increased in Europe after the Crusade. Subsequently lazarhouse came to be regarded as leprosarium. At the present time, the Order is still working for the poor countries and human rights.

Processos de enfrentamento do estresse e sintomas depressivos em pacientes portadores de retocolite ulcerativa idiopática / Stress coping strategies and depressive symptoms among ulcerative colitis patients

Inserindo-se na tradição de estudos sobre as relações entre doenças e processos emocionais, este trabalho investigou as formas de enfrentamento do estresse e a presença de sintomas depressivos em 100 indivíduos portadores de retocolite ulcerativa idiopática (RCUI), usuários do Ambulatório de Doenças Inflamatórias do Cólon do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Paulo, que foram comparados a um grupo controle formado por 100 acompanhantes de pacientes de outra unidade da mesma instituição, isentos da doença, garantindo-se similaridade sociodemográfica entre os dois grupos. O grupo de doentes compõe-se predominantemente de mulheres brancas, de baixa instrução, a maioria das quais mantém relacionamento conjugal, reside com familiares e revela ser praticante de crença religiosa. A metodologia consistiu em aplicar aos dois grupos o Inventário de Estratégias de Enfrentamento (Coping) de Folkman e Lazarus e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. A situação estressante mais relatada entre os portadores de RCUI foi a própria doença (categoria dificuldades pessoais, 60%); para enfrentá-la, recorrem sobretudo a estratégias dos fatores Suporte social (47%) e Reavaliação positiva (40%). No grupo controle, o evento estressante mais referido foi da categoria família (44%) - sobretudo doença em família -; e as estratégias utilizadas, do fator Reavaliação positiva (52%). Quanto ao transtorno do humor, 71% dos portadores de RCUI não apresentavam sintomas depressivos (contra 78% do grupo controle), 9% apresentavam disforia (mesmo percentual do grupo controle) e 20%, sintomas depressivos (contra 13% do grupo controle). A associação entre as características clínicas da RCUI e os sintomas depressivos mostrou que estes estão mais presentes nos indivíduos em situação de maior gravidade da doença. Na associação entre as características clínicas e os processos de enfrentamento mais utilizados ) pelos doentes, verificou-se predominância do fator Suporte social, independentemente da intensidade das manifestações clínicas da doença e da presença ou ausência de sintomas depressivos. Inferem-se dos resultados desafios para a pesquisa, o ensino e a prática da Enfermagem.

This study investigated associations between illness and emotional processes by focusing on stress, coping, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) outpatients who attend the inflammatory bowel disease clinic at the Medicine College of the University of São Paulo's Hospital das Clínicas, in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were compared to a sample control group made up of 100 healthy subjects who kept company to other patients at another unit of the same hospital; both groups' main sociodemographic features were matched. Patients were mostly white women of low instruction, religious practisers, living with a partner, who dwelt with their families or relatives. To both groups were applied the Folkman and Lazarus's Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. The most stressful event reported by UC patients was the illness itself (category "personal hardship", 60%) and, in order to cope with it, they resort to Social support (47%) and Positive reappraisal (40%) strategies. In the control group, the most reported stress event belonged to the category "family" (44%) - mostly illness in the family -, and Positive reappraisal (52%) were the most referred coping strategies. As to humor disorders, 71% of UC patients were found to show no depressive symptoms (vs control group's 78%), 9% presented dysphoria (same percentage at control group), and 20% patients showed depressive symptoms (vs control group's 13%). Among UC patients, the association between the disease clinical features and depressive symptoms shows that the latter are more frequent in more severely ill patients. When crossing patients' clinical features and coping processes used, Social support strategies prevail, regardless of disease activity and of presence or absence of depressive symptoms. Findings suggest challenges for Nursing research, teaching, and practice.

Empathy In Informal Caregiving: Extension of A Concept from Professional Practice / 간호학회지

The concept of empathy was examined in the professional caregiving relationship and its application was extended to the context of informal caregiving. Using the Lazarus and Folkman model. the influence of empathy on the caregiver's experience in the caregiving relationship was illustrated. The effects of the caregiver's empathy on his/her own caregiving outcomes were investigated by examining the relationship between empathy and burnout experience and life satisfaction. Empathy increased emotional exhaustion while increased personal accomplishment and personalization. indicating conflicting relationship between empathy and burnout. This conflict relationship between empathy and burnout can be explained by suggesting the distinct roles of two dimensions of empathy: emotional and caregiving context and to examine the definite roles of two dimensions of empathy were suggested.