Situated Learning Theory e as comunidades de prática: subsídios para a reabilitação social de pessoas com estomias / Situated Learning Theory y las comunidades de práctica: subsidios para la rehabilitación social de personas con estomias / Situated Learning Theory and communities of practice: subsidies for the social rehabilitation of people with stomas

Objetivou-se discutir trajetórias de aprendizagem situadas na reabilitação social em Comunidades de Prática (CoP) presenciais e on-line para pessoas com estomia. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa compreensiva com linha temporal aberta e amostragem de 18 artigos internacionais. A interpretação culminou nos pilares conceituais da CoP em saúde partindo de identidades e trajetórias rumo à participação central, à perificidade legítima e à reificação; transferência educacional em cenários presenciais e on-line com artefatos; exemplos e dilemas de implantação de designers ou arranjos colaborativos para diversos tipos de adoecimento e premência da avaliação interprofissional da trajetória; e, por fim, sabendo da existência das comunidades éticas, foram propostos subsídios para comunidades de prática destinadas às pessoas com estomias no Sistema Único de Saúde, tencionando a participação social-cuidativa e a reabilitação.(AU)

El objetivo fue discutir sobre trayectorias de aprendizaje situado para la rehabilitación social en Comunidades de Práctica (CoP) presenciales y online para personas con estomia. Se desempeñó una revisión narrativa comprensiva con línea de tiempo abierta para el muestreo de 18 artículos internacionales. La interpretación culminó en los pilares conceptuales de la CoP en salud, partiendo de las identidades y trayectorias rumbo a la participación central, perificidad legítima y reificación. Transferencia educativa en escenarios presenciales y online con artefactos, ejemplos y dilemas de implantación de diseñadores o arreglos colaborativos para diversos tipos de enfermedad y la urgencia de la evaluación interprofesional de la trayectoria y, finalmente, conociendo la existencia de las comunidades éticas, se propusieron subsidios para comunidades de práctica destinadas a las personas con estomias en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud, con la intención de la participación social-cuidadora y la rehabilitación.(AU)

The objective was to discuss situated learning trajectories for social rehabilitation in face-to-face and online Communities of Practice (CoP) for people with a stoma. A comprehensive narrative review was carried out with an open timeline, with a sample of 18 international articles. The interpretation culminated in the conceptual pillars of the healthcare CoP, starting from identities and trajectories towards central participation, legitimate peripherality and reification; educational transfer in face-to-face and online settings with artifacts; examples and dilemmas of implementing collaborative designs or arrangements for different types of illness and the urgency of an interprofessional evaluation of the trajectory; finally, knowing about the existence of ethical communities, subsidies were proposed for communities of practice targeted at people with a stoma in the Brazilian National Health System, aiming at social-care participation and rehabilitation.(AU)

Enseñando en el siglo XXI: la formación on-line / Teaching in the 21st century: on-Line training

La introducción de Internet, y con ella las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) ha revolucionado nuestras vidas, incluyendo la manera de enseñar. El acceso a la información y a una comunicación rápida y constante que permiten las TICs cambia de manera importante el rol de los profesores/Tutores, que pasan de ser los "poseedores" de un conocimiento que transmiten a sus alumnos, a guías y facilitadores que orientan en el océano de información indiscriminada que permite Internet. También cambia el rol de los alumnos, que adquieren un papel más activo en su formación, con mayor autonomía y auto organización. Para organizar adecuadamente un curso on-line es preciso formar a los profesores/tutores en este tipo de enseñanza, y construir una adecuada Guía Didáctica que permita la creación de un "Sistema de Aprendizaje", integrado por todos los agentes que participan en el proceso formativo. Este tipo de formación puede adaptarse perfectamente a la formación sistémica, como lo demuestra el buen resultado el programa de formación on-line de la Escuela Vasco-Navarra de Terapia Familiar, que viene funcionando desde 2003 con cursos en español y portugués.

The arrival of the Internet, and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) that have followed in its wake, has revolutionized our lives, including how we teach. The use of ICT allows students (and teachers) quick and easy access to a boundless volume of information that was not previously selected, resulting in an inevitable role change for both the former and the latter. Students, because this possibility allows them to be significantly more autonomous and to learn much more by themselves; teachers, because where they were once the main source of information and the transferors of knowledge, their work is now one of guidance, orientation and selecting the available information. If an online training course is to be organized properly, the teachers/tutors need to be trained in this type of learning and a suitable Teaching Guide has to be drawn up, one that makes it possible to create a "Learning System" involving all the agents who take part in the full training process. This kind of training can be perfectly adapted to the systemic training, as shown by the excellent results of the Vasco-Navarra Family Therapy School online training program that has been given in Spanish since 2003 and in Portuguese since 2013.

Educação permanente em saúde: desenvolvimento de competências profissionais na atenção às mulheres em situação de violência / Continuing health education: development of professional skills in the care of women in situations of violence

A violência contra as mulheres é considerada um problema de saúde pública, e seu enfrentamento necessita que os serviços vinculados às redes de atenção, estabeleçam estratégias de apoio a essas mulheres. A pesquisa aborda o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais para a promoção de ações articuladas, com foco nas necessidades dessas mulheres. Para tanto, tem como objetivo estruturar um modelo de Educação Permanente em Saúde, para o desenvolvimento de competências dos profissionais de uma rede intersetorial de atenção à mulher em situação de violência. O método teve abordagem qualitativa composto por três etapas. A primeira etapa se referiu à realização de uma Scoping Review, na busca da percepção das mulheres em situação de violência ao atendimento realizado nos serviços vinculados a esta atenção. Já a segunda etapa, correspondeu a entrevistas com 31 informantes-chaves, presentes na formação da Rede de Atenção à Mulher em Situação de Violência de Curitiba. Nessa etapa foi utilizado o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ®) para organização e processamento dos dados e a análise textual para os resultados. Por fim, a terceira etapa utilizou-se da técnica de grupo focal para coleta de dados e na análise, a modalidade temática na análise de conteúdo, em consonância com o referencial teórico de Peter Senge (2018). Na análise das convergências e divergências entre as três etapas, a hermenêutica dialética apresentada por Minayo (2014) foi utilizada. As etapas em que houve a presença de participantes nas entrevistas ou grupos focais, tiveram aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Na Scoping Review os resultados demonstraram a desarticulação entre os serviços, falta de acolhimento e não promoção de vínculo, o que gerou afastamento das mulheres e não retorno ao atendimento. Aqueles serviços que geraram encaminhamento e acolhimento efetivos, promoveram reflexão e busca para a saída do ciclo de violência. As três etapas apresentaram convergências para a construção de processos educativos com base na aprendizagem em equipe, foco na integração da rede e promoção de estratégias direcionadas às mulheres em suas necessidades. As divergências foram evidenciadas em situações percebidas pelos profissionais em relação às fragilidades apresentadas na rede e à percepção das mulheres no atendimento. Para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais na atenção às mulheres em situação de violência, foram evidenciadas a necessidade de abordagem do fenômeno violência e dos fatores que permeiam a construção histórica e social dessas mulheres, aliados à articulação entre os serviços. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa contribuiu com a proposição de um modelo de aprendizagem em equipe para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais, vinculado à utilização de estratégias com base nos objetivos da Educação Permanente em Saúde.

Violence against women has been considered a public health problem, and its coping demands that care network services establish strategies to support those women. The research addresses the development of professional competences for the promotion of articulated actions, which focus on those women's needs. Therefore, the study objectifies to design a model of Continuing Health Education for the development of the professionals' competences from an intersectorial care network for women in an abusive situation. The method used a qualitative approach, comprising three steps. The first step was a Scoping Review, which searched for women's perception in an abusive situation on the service delivered by that care network. The second step comprised the interviews with 31 key informants, present in the establishment of the Care Network for Women in an Abusive Situation in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. In this step, the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ®) software was used for data organization and processing, as well as in the text analysis for the results. Finally, the third step was the use of the focus group technique for data collection; for the content analysis, the thematic analysis was used, according to Peter Senge's theoretical framework (2018). For the analysis of the convergences and divergences between the three steps, Minayo's Dialectical Hermeneutics (2014) was used, and in the steps of the interviews and focus groups, with the presence of the research participants, Research Ethics Board approval was obtained. In the Scoping Review, the results evidenced the services disarticulation, lack of reception to those women and bonding promotion, which generated their withdrawal, not returning to the services. Those services with effective reception and referral promoted their reflection and search for leaving the violence cycle. The three steps showed convergences to build up educational processes based on the team learning, focus on the network integration, and on the promotion of strategies oriented to the women's needs. The divergences were unveiled in situations perceived by the professionals regarding the network fragilities and in the women's perception on the service delivered. For the development of professional competences to care for women in an abusive situation, the need to address the violence phenomenon was evidenced, along with the factors that permeate these women's historical and social background, and the articulation among the services. In that context, this research contributes the proposition of a team-learning model to the development of professional competences, related to the use of strategies based on the objectives of the Continuing Health Education.

The Research and Application Effects of Systematic Anatomy Learning System Based on Android Platform / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To implement a systematic anatomy learning system based on android platform and evaluate the application effects of the learning system in clinical medical undergraduate students.Methods The systematic anatomy learning system was based on android development package and correlation functions were implemented using java technique.108 undergraduate students in clinical major of 2014 in Kunming Medical University were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Students of the experimental group were given the traditional teaching method and this learning system for autonomous learning,while students of the control group were given the traditional teaching method.These two teaching methods were subjectively and objectively evaluated by questionnaire survey and final examination respectively.Results The questionnaire showed that the 87.5％ of students thought that it was necessary to use the learning system.The 90.74％ of students in experimental group thought their learning effect were improved and the 98.15％ of them thought themselves learning ability were improved.The average score of the experimental group and the control group was 83.56 ± 5.61 and 75.33 ± 4.62 respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The systematic anatomy learning system can help students to understand and grasp the knowledge points of the systematic anatomy,and it can improve the teaching effect too.It will provide research foundation for the next step of applying for patent.

Study on theater nurse learning system based on PDCA theory / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an informatized continuous education system for theater nurse based on PDCA theory.Methods The system was gifted with the functions of learning planning, learning execution, learning checking, data management and system management based on PDCA theory, informatized technology and other learning systems.Results The system behaved well in overall flow and configuration, man-machine interaction and application, which facilitated the nurses to learn with fragmented time.Conclusion The nursing continuous education is enhanced greatly with the system.

Application of medical image processing, transmission and on-line learning system in medical imaging teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Using the Medical Imaging Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Nanjing Medical University and related web site as a platform, we have established a case library and online learning system which fused medical imaging, pathology and anatomy images according to the human organ system. The system has achieved a“medical imaging”teaching real-time, diversified, systematic and clinical simulation technology. Medical students can perform image processing, simulate writing reports and discuss online using this system. Teachers can use the system to carry out teaching reform-problem-based learning (PBL), and the integration of teaching with horgan systems and case based curriculum.

Questionnaire survey about problem–based learning tutorial systems / 医学教育

  The implementation status of problem–based learning （PBL） tutorial systems was surveyed in 2008, 2011, and 2012. The 2008 survey showed that the content of PBL tutorial systems differed greatly among universities.<br>  In response to a question in the 2011 survey of whether the PBL tutorial system would last for 5 years or more, more than 80% of universities agreed that the systems would likely last that long.<br>  In response to a question of whether PBL tutorial system had been changed around 2012, more than 80% universities said the system had not been unchanged. Furthermore, regarding the evaluation of tutors, the motivation of tutors as a whole did not increase. In the future, the implementation status might not be changed.

Hybrid PBL – Hub format an innovative design for effective small group learning.

Designing effective small group learning can be a challenge for any institution involved in higher education. Problem Based Learning (PBL) has been in existence as an innovative and student centred learning method for the past five decades. From its simple origin at McMaster University, Canada, PBL has spread across the globe and its complexity has also evolved as a learning system. Due to limitations in resources, many Medical and Health Professional schools have incorporated PBL with other didactic teacher centred learning modalities. This is known as the hybrid curricula model. However, the hybrid model sometimes creates unwarranted competition between PBL and other modalities of teaching, leading to ineffective learning and tutor dissatisfaction. Using the hybrid PBL model to contextualize and integrate subject matter learnt through didactic and teacher led teaching learning modalities could circumvent these limitations. This is known as the “Hub format” of the hybrid model. The Hub format while allowing integration of content matter, allows the learner to discover relevant new knowledge for future learning and practice. It also facilitates the teachers to align student assessment to their learning, leading to improved student engagement in PBL and their motivation for learning.

Further Development of Laboratory Exercises for Basic Science in Accordance with Core Curriculums of Medical Schools: An Attempt to Reform Biochemical Experiments / 医学教育

1) In accordance with core curriculums, we have proceeded with the educational reform of biochemical experiments.<BR>2) Before experiments, the young physicians told medical students about their experiences and the relations between the laboratory exercises and medical care.<BR>3) We also attempted to clarify the objective assessment of laboratory exercise reports, and we performed a comprehensive evaluation of laboratory exercises with tutorials and a final examination.

A Recommendation for the Acquisition of Knowledge of Natural Health Products (NHP) for Physicians and Paramedical Staff / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

The number of people that use Natural Health Products (NHP), not only as a complementary medical treatment, but also for disease prevention and health maintenance, has increased considerably in recent years. Although classified as a food, NHPs can have various pharmacological effects, leading to situations that cannot be ignored by healthcare administrators. However, the level of knowledge and awareness of NHPs are inadequate among healthcare professionals. The Medical Supplement Advisor (MSA) Certification Course that is introduced here is an advanced level course intended for medical professionals only, which examine NHPs, categorized by specific diseases, based on EBM. The contents and arrangement of this course allow clinical physicians and pharmacists to learn and acquire more effectively the knowledge and tools of NHPs and has also been designed with special attention to the clinical application of that knowledge. In order to maximize convenience, the entire course is offered on-line and a CBT system is utilized for the qualification exam. It is essential for healthcare administrators in the future to be able to critically assess information about NHPs and to play a guiding role in health management programs and comprehensive medical care that incorporate Natural Health Products.<br>

Development and evaluation of internet-based distance learning system for health science / 대한의료정보학회지

An internet-based distance learning system was developed for two courses system analysis/database and case-control study, to supplement a regular in-class lecture as an experimental basis. This study was conducted to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of satisfaction level. The professors who were in charge of courses designed the curriculum and prepared the contents in such a way to be suitable to the distance learning. They also conducted the classes accordingly. According to the survey conducted from 21 graduate school students, 66.7% of them were satisfied with the system and 76.2% of them stated that they would recommend this system to other subjects. Specifically, 78.6% of them were satisfied because it provided sites where they could get assistance on their study, 75% of them satisfied because they could concentrate better on their work, and 75% of them satisfied because the information on the internet was directly related with their class contents, 83.3% of them were satisfied because of appropriateness of fonts and organization factors of the sites that have information, and 80% were satisfied because of the adequate quantity of information and speed.