RESUMEN
Background: The challenges faced by man in early days to provide the identity of an individual. Identity meansdetermination of distinctiveness of a person, which is very important in legal medicine and criminal investigation.Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The lip prints areindividualistic like the finger prints and do not undergo alteration during the life of an individual. The aim of thepresent study to assess the lip print pattern of different individual in different quadrant of lip and to evaluate thelip prints for their uniqueness.Materials and method:The study was conducted on 100 medical students (50male and 50 females) of 18-23years from A.J.Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Lip stick was applied on the lips and print was takenwith the help of white bond paper. While studying the lip print 4 quadrants were made on the lips as upper rightand upper left and lower right and lower left. Predominant pattern in each quadrant is obtained by using Suzuki’sclassification and result s are analyzed statistically by calculating the percentage for each pattern in eachquadrant of lip.Result: The present study showed type 1(vertical) was the overall most common pattern among both male andfemales.In males, 40% were having type1(vertical), 26.5% of type3(branched), 13.5% of type2(partial length),12% of type 5(intersected) and 8% of type4 (reticular).In females, 37.5% were having type1(vertical), 22.5% of type2(partial length), 22% of type3(branched), 11% oftype 4 (reticular),and 7% of type 5(intersected).Conclusion: Study revealed that the lip prints pattern for each individual in each quadrant is unique. Lip printpatterns are constant do not change with time.Because of its uniqueness and constant nature it can be used inthe personal identification mainly for criminal and legal investigations.
RESUMEN
La medicina legal es la especialidad médica que reúne todos los conocimientos de la medicina que son útiles a la administración de justicia, cumpliendo una función vital, al facilitar el intercambio de conocimientos entre las ciencias médicas y las ciencias jurídicas. La exigencia científica requerida en la realización de peritajes médico legales constituye un factor determinante para una adecuada administración de justicia. Cuando la Autoridad Judicial solicita un peritaje médico legal, debe entenderse como la solicitud de una investigación de carácter científico en la cual, el especialista en medicina legal, está en la obligación de cumplir a cabalidad como científico que es, basando su investigación en la aplicación del método científico. En la presente revisión se analiza la importancia de la aplicación del método científico en la elaboración de peritajes médico legales.
The Legal Medicine is the medical specialty that reunites all medical knowledge useful to justice administration, performing a vital role as facilitator of the knowledge exchange between medical science and legal science. The scientific management required to perform a medico-legal expertise is a determinant factor for the adequate justice administration. When the Judicial Authority requests a medico-legal expertise, it should be understood as a request for a scientific investigation in which the specialist in Legal Medicine is obliged to completely fulfilled this requirement as a scientist, basing his investigation in the application of the scientific method. In this review, it is analized the importance of the application of the scientific method in the elaboration of a medico legal expertise.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Medicina Legal , InvestigaciónRESUMEN
In forensics, the nature of collected evidence makes analysis in many disciplines complex. Each type of trace evidence requires a unique systematic approach, and even though these approaches are significantly based on the size and morphology of the evidence being examined. In 1999, the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers adopted the Recommendation No. R (99)3 on the harmonization of medico-legal autopsies. This document promoted the adoption of internationally recognized and standardized protocols for forensic autopsies. Nevertheless, the interdisciplinary philosophy still needs integration of information from various investigative sources. An orientated and correct examination of the oral cavity requires specific knowledge of its anatomy and physiopathology, and of the procedures most adapted for its study, and thus the participation of a qualified odontologist is advisable. On the basis that there is not a current protocol that establishes the participation of the dentist during all medico-legal autopsies, we present a review based on that significant document, including reports and personal findings of oral injury patterns. Finally, a new paradigm on the participation of the forensic dentist in the medico-legal investigation of death is discussed.
En ciencias forenses, la naturaleza de la evidencia recolectada deviene en análisis específicos realizados por muchas disciplinas complejas. Cada tipo de rastro requiere una aproximación única y sistemática, significativamente basada en el tamaño y la morfología de esa potencial evidencia. En 1999, el Consejo Europeo de Ministros adoptó la Recomendación No. R (99)3 para la armonización metodológica de las autopsias medicolegales. Este documento, promovió la adopción de protocolos estandarizados para las autopsias forenses de reconocimiento internacional. Sin embargo, la filosofía interdisciplinaria aún necesita integración de la información desde varias fuentes de investigación. Un examen orientado y correcto de la cavidad oral necesita de conocimientos específicos tanto de su anatomía y fisiopatología, de los procedimientos mejor desarrollados para su estudio, y de la participación de un odontólogo calificado para realizar este análisis. Sobre la base de que no existe un protocolo vigente que establezca la participación del odontólogo en todas las autopsias medicolegales, se presenta una revisión sobre este importante documento, incluyendo reportes y observaciones personales de algunos patrones de lesiones orales. Se discute además un nuevo paradigma respecto de la participación del odontólogo forense en la investigación médicolegal de la muerte.