Physical activity and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian university students: a scoping review / Atividade física e fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em universitários brasileiros: revisão de escopo

This study aimed to map the national publications that address the variable physical activity and associated factors among Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a scop-ing review based on original studies developed and published in Brazil between 2020 and 2023. They were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic scenario and indexed in the databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and Google Scholar. By identifying the different approaches and factors associated with the subject, the descriptive synthesis explored the subtopics "level of physical activity and sedentary behavior," "mental health," and "sleep". Out of the 1,180 initial papers, 11 papers composed the synthesis, featuring different sampling patterns, ranging from 68 to 5,720 students, and taking place in several Brazilian states. Despite the geographical variety, few studies were conducted in the North and Midwest regions. The prevalence of physical inactivity among students ranged from 40.0% to 49.3%, and social isolation and restrictions contributed to this trend. Mental health was also affected, with the symptoms of anxiety and depression being more common among the inactive. On the other hand, active students reported better mental health. The relationship between physical activity and sleep was unclear, but the pandemic intensified sleep problems in general. In short, future studies are necessary to explore causes, effects, and regional influences. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods may offer a more comprehensive perspective on the students' experiences regarding physical activity during public health crises

Neste estudo objetivou-se mapear as publicações nacionais que abordam a variável atividade física e fato-res associados entre estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo a partir de estudos originais, desenvolvidos no Brasil, publicados entre 2020 e 2023, realizados no cenário clínico da pandemia de COVID-19 e indexados nas bases de dados: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Google Scholar. Ao constatar-se diferentes abordagens e fatores associados a problemática, a síntese descritiva foi explorada em subtópicos "nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário" "saúde mental " e "sono". Dos 1.180 artigos iniciais, 11 artigos compuseram a síntese, abrangendo distintos padrões amostrais, variando de 68 a 5.720 estudantes, conduzidos em diferentes estados brasileiros. Apesar dessa variedade regional, observou-se uma escassez de estudos nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. A prevalência de inatividade física entre os estudantes variou de 40,0% a 49,3%. O isolamento social e as restrições contribuíram para essa ten-dência. A saúde mental também foi acometida, com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão mais comuns entre os inativos. Por outro lado, os estudantes ativos relataram melhor saúde mental. A relação entre atividade física e sono não foi clara, mas a pandemia intensificou os problemas de sono em geral. Em suma, futuras pesquisas são relevantes para explorar causas, efeitos e influências regionais. A combinação de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos podem oferecer perspectivas mais abrangentes das experiências dos estudantes em relação à atividade física durante crises de saúde pública.

Efecto del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prevalencia de la enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica / Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Introducción. La enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD) es una condición clínica frecuente, relacionada con el sobrepeso, la dislipidemia y la diabetes. Como estos factores de riesgo están a su vez asociados al sedentarismo y la ganancia de peso, se esperaría un impacto como resultado del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prevalencia de dicha condición. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo en un panel de datos de 132 pacientes de 2017 a 2022, en donde fueron incluidos pacientes con una ecografía hepática y una valoración médica y paraclínica 1,5 años antes y después del periodo de confinamiento (25 de marzo de 2020 a 28 de febrero de 2021). El desenlace primario fue un cambio significativo en la prevalencia de la MASLD, y se utilizó un modelo exploratorio de regresión logística de efectos fijos con panel de datos para hallar los predictores de cambio. Resultados. En un total de 132 pacientes analizados, la prevalencia global de la MASLD antes (31 %; IC95%: 23-39) y después (35,6 %; IC95%: 27,4-43,8) del confinamiento por COVID-19 no cambió significativamente, sin embargo, en las mujeres sí hubo un aumento significativo (RR: 4; IC95%: 1,0004-16). Se encontró una marcada diferencia de prevalencia entre sexos (17 % en mujeres y 46 % en hombres; p=0,001). El confinamiento se asoció a incrementos en la masa corporal (diferencia: +1 kg; IC95%: 0,1-1,9), el colesterol LDL (diferencia: +9,7 mg/dL; IC95%: 4,9-14,4) y al diagnóstico de prediabetes (RR: 2,1; IC95%: 1,4-3,1). La MASLD se asoció positivamente a la preferencia nutricional por la comida rápida (p=0,047). Solo el índice de masa corporal resultó predictor independiente de MASLD (RR: 1,49; IC95%: 1,07-1,93). Conclusión. La prevalencia global de la MASLD no varió después del confinamiento por COVID-19, pero sí se incrementó en mujeres, y algunos de sus factores de riesgo también aumentaron significativamente. Se encontró equivalencia numérica entre la MASLD y la definición previa de la enfermedad. Se requiere un estudio local más grande para desarrollar y validar un mejor modelo predictor del cambio de la MASLD a través del tiempo.

Introduction. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common clinical condition, related to overweight, dyslipidemia and diabetes. As these risk factors are in turn associated with sedentary lifestyle and weight gain, an impact as a result of the COVID-19 confinement on the prevalence of MASLD would be expected. Methodology. Retrospective longitudinal study in a data panel of 132 patients from 2017 to 2022. Patients with a liver ultrasound and a medical and paraclinical assessment 1.5 years before and after the confinement period (March 25, 2020 to February 28, 2021) were included. The primary outcome was a significant change in the prevalence of MASLD, and an exploratory fixed-effects logistic regression model with panel data was used to find predictors of change. Results. In a total of 132 patients analyzed, the overall prevalence of MASLD before (31%, 95%CI: 23-39) and after (35.6%, 95%CI: 27.4-43.8) confinement by COVID-19 did not change significantly, however, in women there was a significant increase (RR: 4, 95%CI: 1.0004-16). A marked difference in prevalence was found between sexes (17% in women and 46% in men; p=0.001). Confinement was associated with increases in body mass (difference: +1 kg, 95%CI: 0.1-1.9), LDL cholesterol (difference: +9.7 mg/dL, 95%CI: 4.9-14.4) and the diagnosis of prediabetes (RR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4-3.1). MASLD was positively associated with nutritional preference for fast food (p=0.047). Only body mass index was an independent predictor of MASLD (RR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.07-1.93). Conclusion. The overall prevalence of MASLD did not change after the COVID-19 lockdown, but it did increase in women, and some of its risk factors also increased significantly. Numerical equivalence was found between MASLD and the previous definition of the disease. A larger local study is required to develop and validate a better predictor model of MASLD change over time.

Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico con enfoque sanológico en universitarios / Effects of a physical exercise program with a sanological approach in university students / Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos com abordagem saudável em estudantes universitários

Objetivo: identificar el efecto del programa de ejercicio físico del proyecto institucionalUSCO saludable con enfoque sanológico en 40 jóvenes universitarios con sobrepeso. Metodología: se plantea un estudio mixto el cual utiliza metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. En específico, se desarrolló un estudio cuasiexperimental de un solo grupo con valoración antes y después, los datos se tomaron de la revisión de historias clínicosanológicas del programa de ejercicio físico, de la dimensión actividad física. Del proyecto USCO Saludable, se seleccionaron 40 estudiantes con un índice de masa muscular (IMC) entre los rangos de 25 a 30 kg/m2. Se utilizó un instrumento denominado historia clínico-sanológica, esta fue diseñada, ajustada y estandarizada por los investigadores Pedro Reyes Gaspar y Dolly Arias Torres. Los datos se trabajaron a través de entrevista semiestructurada, mediante la creación de códigos y categorías con el programa ATLAS. ti 6.0. Para la comparación del IMC se empleó la prueba de Wilcoxon y el tamaño del efecto por medio de la g de Hedges en el programa SPSS versión 24. Resultados: después de la intervención, en el grupo de estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso se observaron cambios importantes en la comprensión del concepto de salud, salud actual y del ejercicio físico como herramienta de cuidado de la salud y la vejez. Además, se identificó un cambio significativo en el IMC de la población. Conclusiones: la estrategia de ejercicio físico desde un enfoque sanológico es factible y eficaz, debido a los cambios significativos en el pensamiento y comportamiento en la salud de estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso.

Objective: to identify the effect of the physical exercise program, of the healthy USCO institutional project with a sanological approach, on 40 overweight university students. Methodolgy: a mixed study is proposed using quantitative and qualitative methodology. Specifically, a quasiexperimental study of a single group was developed with evaluation before and after, the data was taken from the review of clinical-sanological histories of the physical exercise program, of the physical activity dimension, of the Healthy USCO project, 40 students with BMI (body mass index) between the ranges of 25 to 30 kg/ m2 were selected. An instrument called clinical-sanological history was used, it was designed, adjusted, and standardized by researchers Pedro Reyes Gaspar and Dolly Arias Torres. The data was processed through a semi-structured interview through the creation of codes, and categories with the ATLAS.ti 6.0 software, for the comparison of the BMI the Wilcoxon test was used and the effect size through Hedges' G in the SPSS program version 24. Results: after the intervention, important changes were observed in the understanding of the concept of health, current health, and physical exercise as a tool for health care and old age in a group of overweight university students. Furthermore, a significant change in the BMI of the population was identified. Conclusions: the strategy of physical exercise from a sanological approach is feasible and effective due to the significant changes in the thinking and behavior in the health of overweight university students.

Objetivo: identificar o efeito do programa de exercícios físicos do projeto institucional USCO saudável com enfoque saudável em 40 universitários com excesso de peso. Metodologia: propõe-se um estudo misto que utiliza metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa. Especificamente, foi desenvolvido um estudo quase-experimental de grupo único com avaliação antes e depois, os dados foram retirados da revisão dos registros clínico-saúde do programa de exercício físico, da dimensão atividade física. Do projeto USCO Healthy, foram selecionados 40 alunos com índice de massa muscular (IMC) entre 25 e 30 kg/m2. Foi utilizado um instrumento denominado histórico clínico-saúde, desenhado, ajustado e padronizado pelos pesquisadores Pedro Reyes Gaspar e Dolly Arias Torres. Os dados foram trabalhados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, mediante criação de códigos e categorias com o programa ATLAS.ti 6.0. Para a comparação do IMC foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon e o tamanho do efeito por meio do g de Hedges no programa SPSS versão 24. Resultados: após a intervenção, no grupo de universitários com excesso de peso, foram observadas mudanças importantes na compreensão do conceito de saúde, saúde atual e exercício físico como ferramenta de cuidado à saúde e à velhice. Além disso, foi identificada uma alteração significativa no IMC da população. Conclusões: a estratégia de exercício físico sob uma abordagem de saúde é viável e eficaz, devido às mudanças significativas no pensamento e no comportamento de saúde de estudantes universitários com excesso de peso

Construction of residents' healthy lifestyle cognitive index system in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality / 环境与职业医学

Background Healthy lifestyle is one of the important factors affecting individual health. How to promote residents' cognition of healthy lifestyle has become an urgent practical problem for the whole society. However, there is no residents' healthy lifestyle cognitive indexes available with consideration of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Objective To construct a cognitive index system for providing effective assessment on residents' cognition of healthy lifestyle under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Methods Based on the health belief model, a preliminary cognitive index system of residents' healthy lifestyle under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality was proposed after literature study and relevant policy review. Then three rounds of indicator importance evaluation and screening by Delphi method were conducted before the index system was finally constructed. The weights of all levels of indicators were determined using analytic hierarchy process. In addition, a self-assessment questionnaire was developed based on the index system. The questionnaire was utilized to conduct a survey among 200 residents by convenience sampling in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2021. The survey was used to examine the reliability and validity of the indicator system. Results The effective recovery rates of the three rounds of Delphi method were all 100%. The authority coefficient was 0.84. The Kendall's W consistency test showed good expert consistency (P<0.001). Finally, a cognitive index system of residents' healthy lifestyle under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality was initially constructed, including 4 first-level indicators, 8 second-level indicators, and 35 third-level indicators. Among them, the weights of the first-level indicators were 0.4541 for practice cognition, 0.2248 for benefit and obstacle cognition, 0.1626 for action clue cognition, and 0.1585 for risk cognition, respectively. The correlation coefficients between each indicator were from 0.586 to 0.977 (P<0.01). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.95, indicating high reliability. Invited experts agreed that the entries were representative and the content validity of the constructed indicator system was good. The factor analysis also showed that the structure validity was good. Conclusion The proposed index system for residents' cognition of healthy lifestyle show good reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective assessment tool for residents' healthy lifestyle cognition under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. It can provide a scientific and theoretical basis for promoting residents' cognition and practice of healthy lifestyle.

Associations between lifestyle and comorbid anxiety and depression in pregnant women / 环境与职业医学

Background Anxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Objective To examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods The study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. Results A total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Moreover, when compared to a frequency of exercise >3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). The GLMM analysis also demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality, lower exercise frequency, or lower intake frequency of vegetables, eggs, or milk and an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CAD among pregnant women in Shanghai follows a U-shaped distribution, with the highest rate occurring in early pregnancy and the lowest rate in mid-pregnancy. Factors such as poor sleep quality, inadequate intake of vegetables, eggs, or milk, and lack of exercise during pregnancy may increase the risk of CAD. Implementing lifestyle interventions during pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of mental health problems and improve the overall health of both mothers and babies.

Work and lifestyle influencing factors for thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged patients with thyroid nodules / 环境与职业医学

Background The number of persons with thyroid nodules has increased rapidly in recent years, and thyroid cancer caused by malignant nodules has become a key problem endangering the health of young and middle-aged groups in China. Objective To explore work and lifestyle influencing factors for developing thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged patients with thyroid nodules. Methods The subjects with thyroid nodules were reported by routine physical examines ordered at the Huadong Sanatorium. We conducted a 1∶4 matched case-control study in which 232 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2012 to 2022 were matched to 928 controls by gender and age (±5 years). A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on work and lifestyle behaviors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore potential relationships between selected factors (including environment, working hours, stress, diet, exercise, and mental health) and thyroid cancer. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. Results The results of univariate logistic regression showed a history of thyroid cancer reported among first-degree relatives (OR=6.059, 95%CI: 1.007, 36.473), obesity (OR=1.973, 95%CI: 1.296, 3.004), noise and vibration exposure (OR=1.988, 95%CI: 1.143, 3.456), frequent stress (OR=2.093, 95%CI: 1.231, 3.559), frequent depression (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.048, 3.947), frequent anger (OR=1.791, 95%CI: 1.066, 3.012), frequent fried food diet (OR=1.535, 95%CI: 1.026, 2.297), and frequent fast food diet (OR=1.836, 95%CI: 1.048, 3.215) were risk factors for reporting thyroid cancer developing from thyroid nodules, while regular meals (OR=0.245, 95%CI: 0.061, 0.989) and frequent exercise (OR=0.571, 95%CI: 0.342, 0.952) were protective factors for reporting no thyroid cancer. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that body mass index was positively correlated with frequent fried food, fast food, and sugary beverage diets (r=0.123, 0.083, 0.077, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with frequent depression and anger (r=−0.090, −0.070, P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression found that a history of thyroid cancer reported among first-degree relatives (OR=6.712, 95%CI: 1.071, 42.066), obesity (OR=2.032, 95%CI: 1.321, 3.125), noise and vibration exposure (OR=1.991, 95%CI: 1.089, 3.637), and frequent stress (OR=2.468, 95%CI: 1.417, 4.300) were associated with an elevated risk of reporting thyroid cancer developing from thyroid nodules patients. Regular exercise (frequency≥3 times·week−1, > 30 min per episode) (OR=0.516, 95%CI: 0.300, 0.890) was associated with a lowered risk of reporting thyroid cancer. Conclusions Multiple risk factors associated with reporting thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged groups with thyroid nodules are identified, such as obesity, noise and vibration exposure, frequent stress, and lack of exercise.

Barriers to lifestyle modification in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a scoping review / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is common worldwide, and lifestyle modifications are key to its treatment. This study aimed to identify the barriers to lifestyle modifications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to organize the results using the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model.Materials and Methods: The framework of Arksey and O’ Malley was used in this scoping review. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library without language restrictions for reports published up to September 11, 2022, including peer-reviewed literature reporting barriers to lifestyle modifications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patient-reported barriers were analyzed inductively and organized into the components (capability, opportunity, and motivation) of the COM-B model.Results: The literature search yielded 583 articles, of which seven qualitative studies, four quantitative studies, and one mixed-methods study met the inclusion criteria. Lack of time, lack of information on the diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, negative perceptions of the prescribed exercise and diet, physical symptoms interfering with the behavior, presence of comorbidities, and lack of family cooperation were frequently reported as barriers.Conclusion: The results of this study may contribute to the development of appropriate care and education strategies to promote behavioral changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Mediating effect of lifestyle on the relationship between family history and cardiovascular disease / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between family history and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods This study was based on the "Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention of High-risk Populations of Cardiovascular Disease Project". The data were collected from 6 project sites in Hubei Province. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of family history and lifestyle on CVD, and the relationship between family history and lifestyle. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyle on the association between family history and CVD. Results A total of 5 871 subjects were included in the study from 2015 to 2016, of whom 500 (8.52%) developed CVD and 484 had family history of CVD. The risk of developing CVD was significantly increased in participants with family history of disease (OR = 1.458, P = 0.014) and in those with high level of physical activity (OR = 1.081, P = 0.026). The increase of leisure physical activity time showed a protective effect on developing CVD (OR = 0.977, P < 0.001). Participants with family history significantly increased leisure physical activity (OR = 2.085, P < 0.001), and were less likely to choose occupations with high levels of physical activity (OR = 0.524, P < 0.001). The results of mediation analysis showed that leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity mediated the relationship between family history and CVD, and the β value of the mediating effects were -0.004 (P = 0.010) and 0.002 (P = 0.045), respectively. The β value of the direct effect of family history on CVD was 0.033 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity might mediate the relationship between family history and CVD. People with family history would reduce the risk of developing CVD by increasing leisure physical activity time and choosing occupations with low levels of physical activity.

Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study / Associação entre comportamento sedentário, dieta e estado nutricional em adolescentes: resultados do estudo LONCAAFS

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários, dieta e excesso de peso em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde do Adolescente - Estudo LONCAAFS. Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos) de escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. Para avaliar os efeitos combinados do tempo excessivo no comportamento sedentário e no consumo de dois grupos de alimentos: Conveniência e Prudente sobre o excesso de peso, foram realizadas análises de regressão logística múltipla, ajustadas para energia, nível de atividade física, sexo e idade. O tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário aumentou em 37% a chance de os adolescentes apresentarem excesso de peso (OR = 1,37; IC95%: 1,04-1,80). Essa chance aumentou para 43% quando os adolescentes apresentaram, simultaneamente, comportamento sedentário excessivo e alto consumo do grupo de alimentos de conveniência (OR = 1,43; IC95%: 1,05-1,94), e aumentou para 39% naqueles com excesso de comportamento sedentário e baixo consumo de alimentos do Prudente (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,84). O comportamento sedentário excessivo está associado ao excesso de peso e a chance aumenta com o consumo de alimentos convenientes.

Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours associated with bullying victimization and perpetration in a sample of Brazilian adolescents / Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de estilo de vida associados à vitimização e perpetração do bullying em uma amostra de adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract This article aims to identify the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours with bullying perpetration and victimization among high school students. The adolescents (n=852) answered a questionnaire about bullying (victims and perpetrators), sociodemographic factors (sex, age, maternal education, and participant's work status), tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug experimentation, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Older adolescents were less likely to be victims of bullying. Females were less likely to be perpetrators or victims of bullying. Adolescents who were working were more likely to be involved in bullying in both forms. Participation in non-sport activities and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of bullying victimization. We have identified specific populational subgroups that are more susceptible to being victims and/or perpetrators of bullying, which could support tailor-specific interventions to prevent bullying.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de estilo de vida com a perpetração do bullying e da vitimização entre os alunos do ensino médio. Os adolescentes (n=852) responderam a um questionário sobre bullying (vítimas e perpetradores), fatores sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, educação materna e status profissional dos participantes), uso de tabaco, uso de álcool, experimentação de drogas ilícitas, atividade física, tempo de tela e duração do sono. Modelos de regressão logística multinível foram realizados. Os adolescentes mais velhos eram menos propensos a serem vítimas de bullying. As mulheres tinham menos probabilidade de serem perpetradoras ou vítimas de bullying. Os adolescentes que estavam trabalhando tinham maior probabilidade de estarem envolvidos em bullying em ambas as formas. A participação em atividades não esportivas e o consumo de álcool estavam associados a maiores probabilidades de vitimização por bullying. Identificamos subgrupos populacionais específicos que são mais suscetíveis a serem vítimas e/ou perpetradores de bullying, o que poderia apoiar intervenções específicas sob medida para evitar o bullying.

Presión arterial en consumidores y no consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas de la población peruana, 2022

Introducción: el consumo de alcohol impacta de forma diferente a hombres y mujeres debido a las características biológicas particulares de ambos sexos. La evaluación de la influencia de consumir y no consumir alcohol sobre la presión arterial podría diferir en ambos sexos, siendo necesario conocer dicho perfil en Perú, país con una de las mayores tasas de consumo de alcohol del continente. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre presión arterial y ser o no consumidor de bebidas alcohólicas en adultos de la población peruana. Metodología: estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal proveniente de datos de la encuesta nacional y de salud familiar peruana. Las variables fueron: sexo, presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y presión arterial media (PAM), nivel educativo, consumo de alcohol, índice de masa corporal y perímetro abdominal. Se realizó la prueba Ji-cuadrado, razón de prevalencias, Odds Ratio crudo y ajustado mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: el consumo de alcohol fue alto en hombres (94,90%) y mujeres (88,20%). El promedio de presión arterial en hombres y mujeres que consumen bebidas alcohólicas fue mayor respecto a los que nunca han bebido, siendo mayor en hombres. Las mujeres que consumen bebidas alcohólicas tuvieron una prevalencia 1,11 veces mayor de PAM elevada que las no consumidoras. Los hombres consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas tuvieron una prevalencia 1,66 veces mayor de PAM elevada que los no consumidores. En el análisis multivariado no hubo asociación entre consumo de alcohol y elevación de PAM en mujeres. En hombres, los bebedores de alcohol tuvieron una probabilidad 1,74 veces mayor de hipertensión que los hombres que nunca han tomado bebidas alcohólicas Conclusiones: el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas incrementa la prevalencia de hipertensión en adultos de la población peruana, siendo un factor predictor de hipertensión en hombres.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption impacts men and women differently due to the biological characteristics of both sexes. The evaluation of the influence of consuming and not consuming alcohol on blood pressure could differ in both sexes, making it necessary to know this profile in Peru, a country with one of the highest rates of alcohol consumption on the continent. Objective: To analyze the relationship between blood pressure and being or not a consumer of alcoholic beverages in adults of the Peruvian population. Methodology: Observational, analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study based on data from the Peruvian national and family health survey. The variables were: sex, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure (MAP), educational level, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and abdominal circumference. The Chi-square test, prevalence ratio, crude Odds Ratio, and adjusted Odds Ratio using binary logistic regression were performed. Results: Alcohol consumption was high in men (94.90%) and women (88.20%). The average blood pressure in men and women who consume alcoholic beverages was higher compared to those who had never drunk and was higher in men. Women who consume alcoholic beverages had a 1.11 times higher prevalence of elevated MAP than non-consumers. Male alcoholic beverage consumers had a 1.66 times higher prevalence of elevated MAP than non-consumers. In the multivariate analysis, there was no association between alcohol consumption and elevated MAP in women. In men, alcohol drinkers were 1.74 times more likely to have hypertension than men who had never drunk alcoholic beverages Conclusions: The consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the prevalence of hypertension in adults of the Peruvian population, being a predictive factor of hypertension in men.

Metabolic syndrome: experiences in relation to healthcare / Síndrome metabólico: experiencias en relación con el cuidado de la salud / Síndrome metabólica: vivências em relação ao cuidado com a saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to interpret the experiences of people with metabolic syndrome in relation to healthcare. Method: this is qualitative research using Grounded Theory as a method and Symbolic Interactionism as a framework for analysis. It was carried out at a Basic Health Unit in the city of Marília/SP, Brazil, with 24 interviews in three sample groups (patients, family members and healthcare professionals), from February 9, 2022 to January 16, 2023. Results: a total of 734 codes were identified and grouped into categories and subcategories, with the central phenomenon being "(Not) Taking Care of Health", which is characterized as a dualistic process that encompasses both neglect and care. Aspects relating to neglecting health include the categories: "Considering not having health problems"; "Having difficulties understanding and resisting following care"; and "Lack of adherence to treatment". In the aspect of taking care of the health, there are the categories: "Understanding that they have metabolic syndrome"; "Receiving guidance"; and "Counting on support". Conclusion: the experience of people with metabolic syndrome permeates the biological, psychological, social and spiritual spheres, as they deal with their health problems according to the social interaction maintained with themselves and other people. Therefore, meaningful communication and bonding with healthcare team are the main tools for adherence to treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: interpretar las experiencias de las personas con síndrome metabólico en relación con la atención sanitaria. Método: investigación cualitativa utilizando la Teoría Fundamentada como método y el Interaccionismo Simbólico como referencia de análisis. Se realizó en una Unidad Básica de Salud de la ciudad de Marília/SP, Brasil, con 24 entrevistas en tres grupos muestra (pacientes, familiares y profesionales de la salud), del 9 de febrero de 2022 al 16 de enero de 2023. Resultados: se identificaron 734 códigos que se agruparon en categorías y subcategorías, siendo el fenómeno central el "(Des) Cuidado con la Salud", que se caracteriza por ser un proceso dualista que abarca tanto el abandono como el cuidado. Los aspectos relacionados con el abandono de la salud incluyen las categorías: "Considerar no tener problemas de salud"; "Tener dificultades para comprender y resistirse a seguir los cuidados"; y "Falta de adherencia al tratamiento". En el aspecto de cuidar su salud, existen las categorías: "Entendiendo que tienen síndrome metabólico"; "Recibir orientación"; y "Confiar en el apoyo". Conclusión: la experiencia de las personas con síndrome metabólico permea los ámbitos biológico, psicológico, social y espiritual, ya que abordan sus problemas de salud de acuerdo con la interacción social que mantienen consigo mismos y con otras personas. Por lo tanto, la comunicación significativa y el vínculo con el equipo de salud son las principales herramientas para la adherencia al tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: interpretar as vivências de pessoas com síndrome metabólica no que se refere ao cuidado com a saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa utilizando como método a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e como referencial para análise o Interacionismo Simbólico. Foi realizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Marília/SP, Brasil, com 24 entrevistas em três grupos amostrais (pacientes, familiares e profissionais da saúde), no período de nove de fevereiro de 2022 a 16 de janeiro de 2023. Resultados: identificaram-se 734 códigos que foram agrupados, chegando-se às categorias e subcategorias, tendo como fenômeno central "(Des) Cuidando da saúde", que se caracteriza como processo dualista que perpassa tanto pelo descuidando quanto pelo cuidando. Os aspectos referentes ao descuidando da saúde incluem as categorias: "Considerando não ter problemas de saúde"; "Tendo dificuldades de compreensão e resistência para seguir os cuidados"; e "Faltando adesão ao tratamento". No aspecto cuidando da saúde, encontram-se as categorias: "Compreendendo que possuem síndrome metabólica"; "Recebendo orientações"; e "Contando com apoio". Conclusão: a vivência das pessoas com síndrome metabólica perpassa pelas esferas biológica, psicológica, social e espiritual, pois eles lidam com seus problemas de saúde de acordo com a interação social mantida consigo próprio e com as demais pessoas. Portanto, a comunicação significativa e o vínculo com a equipe de saúde são as principais ferramentas de adesão ao tratamento.

Mortalidad por tumores malignos

El cáncer constituye un serio problema de salud para la humanidad, ocupa la primera causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y una de las principales causas de muerte en Cuba. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con el objetivo de describir la mortalidad por tumores malignos en el municipio Yara, en el período enero-junio de 2022. El universo quedó constituido por 262 fallecidos y la muestra del estudio lo constituyeron los 54 fallecidos con código de causa básica de muerte por tumores malignos en el período de tiempo antes señalado, datos obtenidos a través del registro primario de defunciones del Departamento de estadística del Centro Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva principalmente el porcentaje, se confeccionaron cuadros de distribución de frecuencia, Se determinaron las tasas de mortalidad bruta y por causa. En el período analizado ocurrieron 54 defunciones por tumores malignos, el grupo de edad más afectado fueron los mayores de 75, predominó el sexo masculino, el área de salud "Luis Enrique de la Paz Reina" aportó el mayor número de fallecidos, la zona rural prevaleció sobre la urbana, las localizaciones más frecuentes: próstata, pulmón, colon-recto, el mayor número de las defunciones ocurrieron en el domicilio. En el municipio Yara los tumores malignos ocupan la segunda causa de mortalidad, el mayor número de fallecidos ocurrió en pacientes de la tercera edad, el tumor de próstata fue el más representativo.

Cancer represents a serious health problem for humanity. It occupies the first cause of morbimortality world wide, and one of the main causes of death in Cuba. A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted in the municipality of Yara, in the period January-June 2022.The objective of this research was to describe mortality due to malignant tumors. The universe was constituted by 262 deceased. The sample of the study was constituted by the 54 deceased with code of the basic cause of death by malignant tumors in the aforementioned period. These data were obtained through the primary register of deaths of the Department of Statistics of the Municipal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology. Descriptive statistical methods were used, mainly percentages. Frequency distribution tables were prepared, and crude mortality rates and mortality rates by cause were determined. During the period analyzed, 54 deaths occurred due to malignant tumors. The most affected age group was those older than 75 years, the male sex predominated. The "Luis Enrique de la Paz Reina" health area contributed the highest number of deaths. The rural area prevailed over the urban area. The most frequent locations were: prostate, lung and colon-rectum. The highest number of deaths occurred at home. In the municipality of Yara, malignant tumors are the second cause of mortality. Moreover, the highest number of deaths occurred in elderly patients, and prostate tumor was the most representative.

O cancro representa um grave problema de saúde para a humanidade. Ocupa a primeira causa de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo, e uma das principais causas de morte em Cuba. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospetivo no município de Yara, no período de janeiro a junho de 2022, como objetivo de descrever a mortalidade por tumores malignos. O universo foi constituído por 262 falecidos. A amostra do estudo foi constituída pelos 54 falecidos com código da causa básica de morte por tumores malignos no período supracitado. Estes dados foram obtidos através do registo primário de óbitos do Departamento de Estatística do Centro Municipal de Higiene e Epidemiologia. Foram utilizados métodos estatísticos descritivos, principalmente percentuais. Foram elaboradas tabelas de distribuição de freqüência e determinadas as taxas brutas de mortalidade e as taxas de mortalidade por causas. Durante o período analisado, ocorreram 54 mortes por tumores malignos, sendo o grupo etário mais afetado o dos maiores de 75 anos e predominando o sexo masculino. A área de saúde "Luis Enrique de la Paz" foi a que contribuiu com o maior número de mortes. A zona rural prevaleceu sobre a zona urbana. As localizações mais frequentes foram: próstata, pulmão e cólon-reto. O maior número de mortes ocorreu no domicílio. No município de Yara, os tumores malignos são a segunda causa de mortalidade. Alémdisso, o maior número de óbitos ocorreu em pacientes idosos, sendo o tumor de próstata o mais representativo.

Effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on the life quality of young women

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the opinions of polycystic ovary syndrome on the life quality of women. METHODS: A total of 249 women with polycystic ovary syndrome participated in this descriptive study between October 2022 and July 2023 in Istanbul, Turkey. FINDINGS: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Quality of Life was significantly correlated with age (p=0.000) and frequent weight loss diets (p=0.000) (p<0.01). Among the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Quality of Life total score and polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms, those with hormone imbalance and insulin resistance had the highest mean scores, while those with menstrual irregularity and fatigue had the lowest. CONCLUSION: Advancing age changes the quality of life of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. To prevent the negative impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on women's quality of life, it is recommended that health professionals develop effective care plans utilizing available evidence.

Lifestyle and quality of life in children and adolescents during the covid-19 social distancing period

Abstract Objective To evaluate the lifestyle and quality of life in Brazilian children and adolescents during the COVID-19 social distancing period in 2020. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated children and adolescents (2-18 years of age) and their parents, who voluntarily participated in an online survey. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants during the first 6 months of the pandemic. A questionnaire was used to characterize the study population. The PedsQL 4.0 and the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index were used to assess the quality of life (QoL) in children/adolescents and parents, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 statistical program through the ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni analysis, student's t test, and the generalized estimating equation. Results Mean screen time increased from 2h pre-pandemic to 5h during the pandemic (p <0.001), which was associated with a decline in PedSQL4.0 scores (from 75.7 ± 2.6 to 71.3 ± 13.7, p <0.001). Unhealthy eating habits increased from 11% to 34% and were associated with worse QoL scores compared with improved or unchanged eating habits during the pandemic (69.7 ± 13.3 vs 72.80 ± 13.4 vs 76.4 ± 12.6; p <0.001). Poor sleep quality increased from 9% to 31.7% and was associated with worse QoL scores compared to improved or unchanged sleep quality during the pandemic (67.3 ± 13.1 vs 74.5 ± 13.1 vs 76.8 ± 12.2; p <0.05). Physical exercise was associated with better PedSQL4.0 scores (77.5 ± 12.3 vs 72.5 ± 14.4; p <0.001). Children aged 2-4y old had the best QoLscores. Conclusions Pandemic-related social distancing promoted significant lifestyle changes in children and adolescents, increasing screen time, reducing physical activity, and worsening food and sleep quality, which resulted in worse QoL scores.

Healthy lifestyle as predictors of common mental disorder during coronavirus disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to verify the indication of common mental disorder and changes in healthy lifestyle among individuals affected by coronavirus disease, as well as to evaluate if changes in healthy lifestyle are predictors of common mental disorder. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study employed an exploratory approach and quantitative methodology, using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to assess the indication of common mental disorder and questions regarding healthy lifestyle during the pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 280 individuals affected by coronavirus disease, aged 18 years and above, participated in the study. The average indication for common mental disorder was 5.0±5.34. The average age was characterized by adults (41.24±14.03 years), with the majority being women (57.9%), White (51.4%), and those in stable relationships (55.7%). Worsening sleep quality (β==6.327; p<0.001) was the main predictor of common mental disorder, followed by female gender (β==2.814; p<0.001) and worsening dietary habits (β==2.227; p<0.012). CONCLUSION: These factors should be considered in the assessment of individuals affected by coronavirus disease to provide comprehensive care.

El envejecimiento poblacional: una mirada desde la práctica de enfermería basada en el modelo de Nola J. Pender

El envejecimiento poblacional no es un fenómeno exclusivo de la sociedad moderna; ha estado presente en todas las etapas del desarrollo social y ha sido siempre de interés para la filosofía, el arte y la medicina. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica, con el objetivo de valorar la aplicación del modelo de Nola J. Pender en la promoción de salud y su aplicabilidad desde su visión teórica en la práctica de enfermería comunitaria en el envejecimiento poblacional. Se analizan los aspectos teóricos expresados por ella, sus principales supuestos y su relación con el envejecimiento poblacional, además de exponer sus aportes teóricos, la importancia de su aplicación para la familia, la comunidad y su contribución al desarrollo de la enfermería no solo de Cuba sino en el mundo; si partimos de que Cuba está entre los países más envejecidos de Latinoamérica. La promoción de la salud motivada por el deseo de aumentar el bienestar y actualizar el potencial humano, es considerada en la actualidad una poderosa herramienta que permite promover actitudes, motivaciones y acciones a partir del concepto de autoeficacia, del compromiso de los individuos con el cambio de conductas para fomentar salud, no solo sobre el envejecimiento en sí, sino desde el envejecimiento. Los principales supuestos de Nola J. Pender en el modelo de promoción de salud la sitúan como marco de referencia en la investigación, al fortalecer la profesión y fundamentar su quehacer de manera objetiva hacia los intereses de los profesionales y las necesidades de las personas.

Population aging is not an exclusive phenomenon of modern society; it has been present in all social development stages and has always been of interest to philosophy, art and medicine. A bibliographical review is presented for evaluating the Nola J. Pender model application in health promotion, and its applicability from its theoretical vision in the community nursing practice in aging population. The theoretical aspects expressed by her, her main assumptions and her relationship with population aging are analyzed, in addition to exposing her theoretical contributions, the importance of her application for the family, the community and her contribution to the development of nursing not only in Cuba but in the world; if we start from the fact that Cuba is among the oldest countries in Latin America. Health promotion motivated by the desire to increase well-being and update human potential is currently considered a powerful tool that allows promoting attitudes, motivations and actions based on the concept of self-efficacy, the commitment of individuals to change of behaviors to promote health, not only about aging itself, but from aging. The main assumptions of Nola J. Pender in the health promotion model place it as a reference framework in research, by strengthening the profession and basing its work objectively on the interests of professionals and the people needs.

Caracterización sociodemográfica y alimentaria de personas vegetarianas chilenas en el año 2022

Actualmente, en Chile se ha evidenciado un aumento de la población vegetariana, sin embargo, existen escasos datos sociodemográficos, por lo cual, el objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar, según antecedentes sociodemográficos y alimentarios a personas vegetarianas chilenas en el año 2022. Se utilizó el paradigma cuantitativo y el diseño metodológico fue no experimental, descriptivo, exploratorio de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta de caracterización mediante Google Forms a 504 personas y para el análisis de la información se utilizó el programa SPSS v. 24. El 85,7% declaró ser de género femenino, la edad promedio fue 26,3 ± 5,7 años, 45,5% de los encuestados se declararon ovolactovegetarianos, seguido por vegetarianos estrictos (38,7%) y la principal motivación fue principios animalistas (68,7%). El 87,8% cursó educación superior y el 36,5% correspondió al área de salud. El principal motivo de asistencia al nutricionista fue el asesoramiento con un 80%. Se destacó que la población vegetariana consideró que es fundamental la asistencia a un profesional nutricionista para practicar este estilo de vida de forma óptima, por lo que es fundamental que los profesionales de salud se involucren en conocer a esta población, con el objetivo de otorgar una atención más cercana e integral. Finalmente, la presente investigación corresponde al primer estudio que permite caracterizar a la población vegetariana en Chile.

Currently, in Chile there has been an increase in the vegetarian population; however, there are few sociodemographic data, therefore, the objective of this study is to characterise, according to sociodemographic and dietary background, Chilean vegetarians in the year 2022. The quantitative paradigm was used and the methodological design was non-experimental, descriptive, exploratory cross-section. A characterisation survey was applied using Google Forms to 504 people and SPSS v. 24. 85.7% declared to be female, the average age was 26.3 ± 5.7 years, 45.5% of those surveyed declared themselves lacto-ovo vegetarians, followed by strict vegetarians (38.7%) and the main motivation was animalistic principles (68.7%). 87.8% attended higher education and 36.5% corresponded to the health area. The main reason for helping the nutritionist was the advice with 80%. It was highlighted that the vegetarian population considered that it is essential to assist a professional nutritionist in practising this lifestyle optimally, so it is essential that health professionals get involved in getting to know this population, with the aim of providing closer and more comprehensive care. Finally, this research corresponds to the first study that allows characterising the vegetarian population in Chile.

Los hábitos de vida saludables en relación al autoconcepto físico en taekwondokas ecuatorianos en tiempos de la pandemia "COVID 19"

La práctica de taekwondo, en el confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID 19, guarda relación con los hábitos de vida saludables y autoconcepto físico. En tal sentido, se determinó como el objetivo de esta investigación identificar las relaciones que puedan producirse entre las respuestas al CAF (Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico) y hábitos de vida saludables de los practicantes de taekwondo a nivel nacional. Se implementó un diseño ex post facto de carácter retrospectivo y correlacional, donde las variables independientes no son susceptibles de manipulación, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional, cuya muestra la componen 423 deportistas de taekwondo entre 12 y 58 años. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludables. Los resultados, comprueban la importancia de los entrenamientos en confinamiento de taekwondo como aporte de una vida saludable, en relación con su propia percepción del autoconcepto físico de los participantes. Se concluyó que la práctica del taekwondo en época de pandemia aportó significativamente en el cuidado y desarrollo de los hábitos de vida saludables.

A prática do Taekwondo, no confinamento da pandemia da COVID-19, está relacionada a hábitos de vida saudáveis e ao autoconceito físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as relações que podem ocorrer entre as respostas ao CAF (Questionário de Autoconceito Físico) e os hábitos de vida saudável dos praticantes de Taekwondo em nível nacional. Foi implementado um projeto retrospectivo e correlacional ex post facto, em que as variáveis independentes não são suscetíveis de manipulação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística discreta, com uma amostra de 423 atletas de taekwondo entre 12 e 58 anos de idade. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Estilo de Vida Saudável. Os resultados comprovam a importância do treinamento de confinamento do taekwondo como contribuição para um estilo de vida saudável, em relação à percepção dos próprios participantes sobre seu autoconceito físico. Concluiu-se que a prática do taekwondo em tempos de pandemia contribuiu significativamente para o cuidado e o desenvolvimento de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

The practice of Taekwondo, in the confinement of the COVID19 pandemic, is related to healthy lifestyle habits and physical self-concept. In this sense, the objective of this research was determined to identify the relationships that may occur between the responses to the CAF (Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire) and healthy lifestyle habits of Taekwondo practitioners nationwide. An ex post facto design of a retrospective and correlational nature was implemented, where the independent variables are not susceptible to manipulation, a discretionary non-probabilistic sampling was used, which sample is made up of 423 taekwondo athletes between 12 and 58 years old. The participants completed the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Healthy Life Habits questionnaire. The results prove the importance of Taekwondo confinement training as a contribution to a healthy life, in relation to their own perception of the participants' physical self-concept. It was concluded that the practice of taekwondo during the pandemic contributed significantly to the care and development of healthy lifestyle habits.

El confinamiento por COVID-19 modifica los estilos de vida saludables en adultos: Una revisión sistemática / Confinement due to COVID-19 modifies healthy lifestyles in adults: A systematic review

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre los cambios ocurridos en los estilos de vida saludables asociados al confinamiento por COVID-19 en población adulta de 19 a 59 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los criterios de la guía PRISMA durante el período de búsqueda de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Google académico y Cochrane usando las palabras clave "COVID-19, lifestyles, obesity, confinement, quarantine" previamente validadas en MeSH del NCBI y DeCs. Resultados: La búsqueda en las bases de datos de PUBMED, google académico y Cochrane arrojó un total de 702 artículos, tras eliminar los artículos duplicados, se recuperaron 94 artículos, después del primer y segundo cribado se excluyeron 45 artículos, trabajando finalmente con 49 artículos. La evidencia muestra que el confinamiento modificó negativamente los estilos de vida saludables favoreciendo conductas como sedentarismo, asociado a mayor tiempo en el uso de dispositivos electrónicos. Además, incrementó el consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos, la ingesta de alimentos poco saludables entre comidas, raciones más grandes e incrementó en el número de comidas al día, aunado a la disminución en la actividad física, el incremento del consumo de alcohol y cigarros factores que influyeron en el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusiones: Las evidencias muestran cambios negativos en los estilos de vida saludables que se asociaron con sobrepeso y obesidad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19, ante este panorama se requieren de estrategias de intervención integrales basados en programas de nutrición saludable y activación física con la finalidad de disminuir o revertir los efectos causados por el confinamiento.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the changes that have occurred in healthy lifestyles associated with confinement by COVID-19 in the adult population between 19 and 59 years of age. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following the criteria of the PRISMA guide during the search period from March 2020 to February 2022 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords COVID-19, healthy lifestyles, obesity, overweight, confinement, quarantine, lockdown, previously validated in NCBI MeSH and DeCs. Results: The search in the PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases yielded a total of 702 articles. After eliminating duplicate articles, 94 articles were recovered. After the first and second screening, 45 articles were excluded, finally working with 49 articles. Evidence shows that confinement negatively modified healthy lifestyles, favoring behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle, associated with longer use of electronic devices. In addition, there was an increase in the consumption of hypercaloric foods, the intake of unhealthy foods between meals, larger portions, and an increase in the number of meals per day, together with a decrease in physical activity, an increase in the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, factors that influenced the development of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: The evidence shows negative changes in healthy lifestyles that were associated with overweight and obesity during the confinement by COVID-19, in view of this panorama, comprehensive intervention strategies are required based on healthy nutrition programs and physical activation with the purpose of to reduce or reverse the effects caused by confinement.