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@#Introduction: Platelet aggregation test using light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is considered as the gold standard for evaluation of platelet function. Variations of platelet aggregation had been reported in apparently healthy individuals whereby a normal cut–off value established locally is highly recommended. This study aims to determine the platelet aggregation pattern and the preliminary findings on reference values for multiple agonists–induced platelet aggregation among Malaysian healthy individuals in a single centre. Method: A total number of 63 informed consented healthy individuals consisted of Malay, Chinese and Indian were recruited among staff and blood donors at National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Platelet aggregation was measured using LTA against adenosine diphosphate 10 µM (ADP10), collagen 0.19 mg/mL (COL), ristocetin 1.5 mg/mL (RIS), arachidonic acid 1 mM (AA) and epinephrine 10 µM (EPI). Results were expressed as percent final aggregation (%FA). Reference values were calculated from mean±2SD. Results: Age, gender and ethnic groups had no significant effect on platelet aggregation. A variability of platelet aggregation response to EPI was observed among the healthy individuals. Ten of 33 respondents (30%) had impaired aggregation with <20% FA in response to EPI. The local population showed a slightly higher aggregation pattern in response to COL, RIS, AA and EPI (excluding non-responders) compared to manufacturer’s reference values. Conclusion: This study has provided a glimpse of the aggregation pattern of the local nationality showing considerable differences in the reference values from manufacturer’s; thus highlighting the need of establishing local reference values.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-platelet aggregation function of aspirin in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).METHODS: The clinical data of KD patients who was admitted to Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital from September 2016 to September 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. All the children were treated with aspirin routinely:high-dose(30-50)mg/（kg·d)in acute stage and low-dose aspirin(3-5)mg/（kg·d)in the recovery period. Then the light transmission aggregometry(LTA)was used to determine the platelet aggregation rate of different doses of aspirin in order to evaluate the anti-platelet aggregation function,and the risk factors of aspirin resistance(AR)were analyzed by statistical method. RESULTS:(1)The platelet aggregation rate(AA%)after treatment with high-dose and low-dose aspirin in children with KD was 30.3%(1.2%,7.1%)and 2.9%(1.5%,60.4%),respectively,and there was no significant difference in platelet inhibition between different doses of aspirin(P=0.174).(2)The incidence of AR was 9.75%(23/236)in the highdose aspirin group and 8.05%(19/236)in the low-dose aspirin group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AR between the two groups(P=0.617).(3)In the 19 children with AR and 217 children with aspirin sensitivity(AS)in oral low-dose aspirin treatment group,the age,sex,coagulation,biochemistry and other related indexes did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The antiplatelet aggregation function of aspirin in KD children is not related to the dosage. AR is present in the treatment of Kawasaki disease,and the incidence of aspirin resistance is not related to dosage.
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Introduction: The platelet function disorders remain largely undiagnosed or incompletely diagnosed in developing nations due to lack of availability of tests like lumiaggregometry, granule release assay or molecular testing. We performed a retrospective analysis of all the platelet function test (PFT) carried out in past 5 years by Light transmission aggregometery (LTA) using a panel of agonist. The indications and the test results were analyzed by two hematopathologist with the aim to look into the present diagnostic facilities or lack of it for correct diagnosis. This is essential for better management and genetic counselling. Materials and Methods: The PFT was performed both on patients and healthy unrelated age specific controls by light transmission aggregometry on Chronolog platelet aggregometer using platelet rich plasma. The panel of agonists included ADP (10?m/l and 2.0 ?m/l), epinephrine (10.0 ?m/l), collagen (2?g/ml), arachidonic acid (0.75 mM) and ristocetin (1.25 mg/ml & 0.25 mg/l). Results: The 5 years records of 110 cases were audited, 101 of these were tested for clinical bleeding , 35 adults and 66 children. The adults included 29 women and 6 men, 17 to 82 years of age. The children were 16 years to 3 months of age, 30 girls and 36 boys. Platelet function test abnormality was found in 31.6% (32/101) cases ,a majority remained undiagnosed of these about 21% had clinically significant bleeding.The cases diagnosed included Glanzmann Thromboasthenia-11 , von Willebrand Disease-6, Bernard Soulier'syndrome-1, storage pool disorder-6, mild defect of Epinephrine-3, isolated defect with collagen in1. Conclusion: An epidemiologically large proportion of platelet function disorders amongst people living in developing nations remain undiagnosed. This lacunae needs to be highlighted and addressed on larger scale. The options available are to increase the available armamentarium of tests or international collaboration with a specialized laboratory to aid in complete diagnosis.
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Light transmission (LT) into deeper areas of the dentin root is limited. Aim: The aim of this study is to perform a quantitative investigation of the radial transmission of light (LT) through different fiber posts and its influence on the Knoop hardness number (KHN) and bond strength (BS) of a dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement at 3 different depths. Materials and Methods: Four types of fiber posts (2 translucent and 2 conventional) were used. LT and KHN analyses were performed in a specially designed matrix, which allowed measurements at 3 different depths. LT was measured using a volt-ampere meter while KHN tests were performed in a microhardness tester. For BS analysis, endodontically treated bovine roots were divided into 4 groups, each group receiving one type of post. After cementation, cross sections of the root were tested for resistance to displacement using a universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by using this ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: For LT, translucent posts showed significantly higher values at all depths compared to the conventional ones. For all posts, LT decreased at the deeper depths. The KHN results showed no statistical differences among the different posts, regardless of depth. For BS, a translucent post showed the highest values, and comparative analyses between the different depths of posts also showed statistically significant differences while comparisons among the different depths of the same post showed no differences. Conclusions: LT depended on the type of post and on depth. The type of post did not significantly influence the cement KHN. A translucent post showed higher BS in pooled data.
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ABSTRACT: Black shading nets are widely used in the protected cultivation of vegetables as a technique for controlling light and temperature, while the colored shading nets, with special optical properties to improve the use of solar radiation, appeared recently in the agricultural plastics market. Light quality transmitted by gray, aluminized, pearl, blue, red and black (control) nets with 30% shade was evaluated, as well as its effects on photosynthetic properties and fruits production of cucumber plants. Treatments (shade nets) were established under a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The red net transmitted 23.7 and 40.3% more photosynthetic photon flux density (400 to 700nm) and red light (600 to 700nm) and the blue net transmitted 36% more blue light (400 to 500nm) in comparison with the respective transmissions of black net. All nets increased the photosynthetic responses: transpiration, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation, observed in plants grown under black net. Leaf greenness (41.6 SPAD units) and foliar area (90dm2) increased 22.8 and 38.9% with the red net, while the dry weight of leaf (52.5g) increased 21.9% with pearl net. Pearl, red, aluminized and blue nets showed to be viable alternatives because the production of fruit increased in 71, 48, 46 and 46%, respectively, in comparison with the conventional black net (52t ha-1).
RESUMO: As malhas de sombreamento preto são amplamente utilizadas no cultivo protegido de hortaliças como uma técnica para controlar a luz e a temperatura; enquanto as malhas de sombreamento coloridas, com propriedades ópticas especiais para melhorar o uso da radiação solar, apareceram recentemente no mercado de plásticos agrícolas. A qualidade de luz transmitida por malhas cinza, aluminizada, pérola, azul, vermelha e preta (controle) com 30% de sombreamento foi avaliada, assim como seus efeitos nas propriedades fotossintéticas e na produção de frutos de plantas de pepino. Os tratamentos (malhas de sombreamento) foram estabelecidos sob o desenho de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A malha vermelha transmitiu 23,7 e 40,3% mais densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossintéticos (400 a 700nm) e luz vermelha (600 a 700nm) e a malha azul transmitiu 36% mais luz azul (400 a 500nm) em comparação com as respectivas transmissões de malha preta. Todas as malhas aumentaram as respostas fotossintéticas: transpiração, condutância estomática e assimilação de CO2, observadas em plantas cultivadas sob malha preta. O verde da folha (41,6 unidades SPAD) e a área foliar (90dm2) aumentaram 22,8 e 38,9% com a malha vermelha, enquanto o peso seco da folha (52,5g) aumentou 21,9% com a malha pérola. As malhas pérola, vermelha, aluminizada e azul mostraram-se como alternativas viáveis, pois a produção de frutos aumentou em 71, 48, 46 e 46%, respectivamente, em comparação à malha convencional preta (52t ha-1).
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BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is an important cause of death in adults and stent insertion is one of the treatment modalities. The most severe adverse effect of a stent insertion is the formation of a thrombus; therefore, antiplatelet agents are used. The addition of cilostazol to low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel results in a better antiplatelet effect. However, laboratory tests to monitor the effect of cilostazol are insufficient. METHODS: We tested the inhibitory effect of cilostazol using maximal platelet aggregation in 20 healthy volunteers. Conditions for incubation and concentrations of cilostazol and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were established and aggregation was induced by 5'-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and measured with light transmission aggregometry (LTA). Blood samples were incubated with 1 µM and 2 µM cilostazol for 10 minutes at room temperature, and 80 nM PGE1 was added and incubated for an additional 10 minutes. Aggregation was induced by ADP and reactivity was evaluated. RESULTS: The average maximum aggregation (MA) was 58.1% at 1 µM cilostazol and 22.0% when PGE1 was added. The average MA was 42.8% when cilostazol concentration was increased to 2 µM and 21.2% when PGE1 was added. Average inhibition of aggregation at 1 µM cilostazol was not statistically significant (P=0.085), but was significant (P=0.004) at 2 µM cilostazol. Aggregation was not inhibited even with 2 µM cilostazol and PGE1 in 2 volunteers, which suggests possible resistance to cilostazol. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a method to monitor the effect of cilostazol using in vitro incubation with PGE1.
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Adulto , Humanos , Adenosina Difosfato , Alprostadil , Aspirina , Causas de Muerte , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Voluntarios Sanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Métodos , Agregación Plaquetaria , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Stents , Trombosis , VoluntariosRESUMEN
Objective To detect clopidogrel effect with light transmission aggregometry (LTA)and flow cytometry (FC). Methods ①Venous blood samples were taken from 71 inpatient with acute corotary syndrome (ACS)in PLA General Hos-pital,including unstable anqina,ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarc-tion (46 males,25 females)by random number table from June 2011 to March 2012,whose average age was 69(57~92).②All of them were served 160 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel after they were in hospital in the beginning,and then served with 75 mg/d clopidogrel for 6 months.On some day,firstly,they were required withdrawing drug for 10 days,and then ve-nous blood samples were separately taken from them before their served-clopidogrel again and their severd-clopidogrel 2 hours later.③The samples were assayed with LTA and FC simultaneously and the platelet aggregation rates before served-clopidogrel (ADPLTA-before serving ),platelet aggregation rates after served-clopidogrel (ADPLTA-after serving ),inhibition rates (ADPLTA-INDU ),PAC-1 activity percentage before served-clopidogrel (PAC-1 before serving ),PAC-1 activity percentage after served-clopidogrel (PAC-1 after serving ),inhibition rates (PAC-1 INHI ),CD62p activity percentage before served-clopidogrel (CD62pbefore serving ),CD62pactivity percentage after served-clopidogrel (CD62pafter serving ),inhibition rates (CD62pINHI )weregotten.All volunteers were signed informed consents and the experiment was approved by the hospital ethics committee.Re-sults ①The paired samples t-test was (t=-2.082,P =0.041)between ADPLTA-before serving (0%~97%)and ADPLTA-after serving (12%~97%),the paired samples t-test was (t = 3.663,P < 0.01)between PAC-1 before serving (15.1% ~ 78.9%)and PAC-1 after serving (14.5% ~ 78.3%);the paired samples t-test was (t = 2.082 and P = 0.041)between CD62pbefore serving (1.5% ~80.8%)and CD62pafter serving (1.4%~41.4%).②The pearson coeffcient correlation results were:ADPLTA-INDU (0%~28.2%) and PAC-1 INHI (0.6%~ 9.1%)(r = 0.297,P = 0.012);ADPLTA-INDU (0% ~ 28.2%)and CD62pINHI (0.1% ~ 48.5%)(r =0.220,P =0.065);PAC-1 INHI (0.6%~9.1%)and CD62pINHI (0.1%~48.5%)(r=0.736,P <0.001).Conclusion Because the correlation was bad between the inhibition rates of clopidogrel detected by FC and them by LTA,FC didn’t apply to clin-ical routine examination of the platelet aggregation.But it could be used to scientific researchs and auxiliary confirmation of routine examination results.
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PURPOSE: This study evaluated the depth of cure of resin composite cured by light through a translucent fiber post. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The opaque plastic tubes in various lengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 mm. were filled with resin composite in which two different translucent fiber posts were inserted into the center and photo-polymerized for 40 seconds. The degree of conversion of the cured composite at bottom surface were examined using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectrometer (FTIR/ATR) at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mm apart from the post surface. RESULTS: The degree of conversion of the 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm apart from the post surface was highest at the 2 mm level and continuously decreased when the distance from the light source was increased and drastically decreased when the depth from the top of the post was greater than 4-6 mm. For each level, the highest degree of conversion was at 0.1 mm from the post surface and decreased continuously when the distance apart from the post surface was increased. CONCLUSION: The quantity of light transmission depends on the type of post and the light transmission capability of the post, especially after 4-6 mm depth and the area further apart from the post surface, are insufficient for clinical light activation of resin composite.
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Análisis de Fourier , PlásticosRESUMEN
Objective To comparatively study the difference between thromboelastography (TEG)and light transmission ag-gregometry (LTA)in monitoring clopidogrel effect in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods 68 patients with a-cute coronary syndrome,who were in hospital from February to December 2013,were enrolled in this study.They received TEG and LTA to determine platelet aggregation.Results Clopidogrel effect was (47.84±26.04)% and (45.64±20.92)%respectively by TEG and LTA.There were negative correlation between LTAADP and TEGADP(r=-0.752,P<0.001),pos-itive correlation between LTAADP and MAADP(r=0.789,P<0.001),negative correlation between TEGADP and MAADP(r=-0.820,P<0.001).Conclusion There was a good correlation between the two methods.TEG can be used to evaluate thera-peutic effect of Clopidogrel effect.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different composite resins - Filtek P90 (silorane-based composite) and Heliomolar (methacrylate-based composite) - on light transmission and decrease in Knoop hardness between the bottom and top of cured specimens. The irradiance of a light-curing unit (LCU) was measured with a power meter (Ophir Optronics; 900 mw/cm2) and spectral distributions were obtained using a spectrometer (USB 2000). Twenty standardized cylindrical specimens (2 mm thick x 7 mm diameter) of each composite resin were obtained by curing using the LCU for 40 s. Light energy transmission through the composite was calculated (n=10). The Knoop hardness number for each surface was recorded as the mean of 3 indentations. The difference in Knoop hardness between the top and bottom (DKH) of the same specimen was calculated (n=10). The irradiance of light that passed through Filtek P90 (272 mW/cm2) was not significantly greater than that the passed through Heliomolar (271 mW/cm2). The DKH of Filtek P90 (25 percent) was significantly higher than that of Heliomolar (12 percent). There was a greater degree of subsurface polymerization of the methacrylate-based composite compared to the silorane-based composite.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da diferença entre a dureza do topo e da base em compósitos restauradores. Foram utilizados os compósitos restauradores Filtek P90 (compósito à base de silorano) e Heliomolar (compósito à base de metacrilato). A irradiância da unidade foto-ativadodora (UF) foi mensurada com um potenciômetro Ophir Optronics (900 mw/cm2) e o espectro de luz foi obtido usando um espectrofotômetro (USB 2000). Vinte espécimes cilíndricos padronizados (2 mm de espessura por 7 mm de diâmetro) foram obtidos pela fotoativação utilizando UF (40 s) para cada compósito. A irradiância que passou através do compósito foi mensurada (n=10). O número de dureza Knoop para cada superfície foi calculado pela média de 3 penetrações. A diferença da dureza Knoop entre o topo e base (DDK) de um mesmo espécime foi calculada (n=10). A irradiância que passou através da Filtek P90 (272 mW/cm2) não foi estatisticamente superior a Heliomolar (271 mW/cm2). A DDK da Filtek P90 (25 por cento) foi estatisticamente superior a Heliomolar (12 por cento). O compósito a base de metacrilato apresentou melhor grau de polimerização na base quando comparado ao compósito à base de silorano.
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Resinas Compuestas/química , Curación por Luz de Adhesivos Dentales , Resinas Acrílicas , Análisis del Estrés Dental , Dureza , Ensayo de Materiales , Metacrilatos , Fenómenos Ópticos , Polimerizacion , Poliuretanos , SiloxanosRESUMEN
Polymethyl-methacrylate(PMMA) has been used for a proper material of intraocular lens(IOL) but it can induce cyanopsia in psedophakia due to deficiency of light blockage, and corneal endothelial damage or deposition of inflammatory cells due to hydrophobia. Therefore, yellow IOL or heparin surface modified PMMA(HSM-PMMA) IOL was developed to prevent above problems, respectively. In this study, PMMAs were hydrolyzed with a 1:1 mixture of isopropranol and NaOH for 0hour(PMMA-0), 2 hours(PMMA-1), and 4hours(PMMA-2). The effect of hydrolysis treatment was evaluated by measurement of water contact angle and the optical properties was measured using spectrometer as well as cell attachment was examined by inverted light microscope using Wolters cytology method. Cell attachment, 5x104 of RAW264.7(mouse fibrosarcoma cell line) or L929(mouse macrophage) were layered on each PMMA for 12 hours and incubated for 3 days or 7 days. Hydrolysis treatment made PMMA surface hydrophilic ad opaque in time course manner. The attachment of both types of RAW264.7 and L929 cells on the PMMA-1 or PMMA-2 was markedly reduced than that of PMMA-0. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). And there was also statistically significant difference between PMMA-1 and PMMA-2(P<0.05). With these results it was found that hydrolysis method made PMMA surface hydrophilic and decreased the attachment of inflammatory cells as well as decreased light transmission like normal human lens. Therefore, this method would be one of proper surface modifications of PMMA.