Impact of Smoking Status on Lipoprotein Subfractions: Data from an Untreated Chinese Cohort / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Cigarette smoking is one of the established risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, however, its impact on lipids is not completely understood, especially in the Chinese population. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of smoking status (non, former, and current smoking) on the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions in untreated patients with angina-like chest pain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 877 patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into nonsmoking (n = 518), former smoking (n = 103), and current smoking (n = 256) groups. Both low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) subfractions were measured using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. The distributions of lipoprotein subfractions were evaluated among the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with nonsmoking subjects, the current smoking group had significantly lower large/medium HDL-C (both P < 0.001) concentration and large HDL subfraction percentage but higher small HDL-C and medium LDL-C concentrations as well as medium LDL subfraction percentage. Importantly, former smoking subjects showed elevated levels of large HDL-C concentration, large HDL particle percentage, and mean LDL particle size and attenuation in small HDL/LDL percentages and small LDL-C concentration, but these levels did not reach the optimal status compared with those of the non-smoking group (data not shown).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Smoking has an adverse impact on the lipoprotein subfractions, presented as lower large HDL particles besides higher small HDL and medium LDL particles, whereas smoking cessation could reverse these change to a certain degree.</p>

Relation between Lifestyle Factors and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Subfraction Levels among Healthy Adults Living in a Rural District / 日本農村医学会雑誌

Serum levels of total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions (HDL<SUB>2</SUB>-Cand HD<SUB>L3</SUB>-C) were measured in 227 healthy Japanese adults. These values were related to a number of lifestyle factors.<BR>On co-variance analysis, alcohol drinking had an independent contribution to HDL-C and HDL<SUB>3</SUB>-C (p<0.05) in males. Cigarette smoking showed no association with subfractions of HDL-C in males. Three physical activities-sport, work and leisure time activity-had no significant association with subfractions of HDL-C. The degree of obesity as expressed by body mass index (BMI) was significantly negatively related (p<0.05) to HDL-C and HDL<SUB>2</SUB>-C levels among females. Among males, although a trend test showed no statistically significant relation to BMI, HDL-C and HDL<SUB>2</SUB>-C levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the normal group (20≤BMI<25) than in the obese group (BMI≥25).