Aspectos biomoleculares de la prevención de la litogénesis biliar de colesterol / Biomolecular aspects of biliary cholesterol lithogenesis prevention

Introducción: La litogénesis biliar, proceso de sobresaturación de colesterol en la bilis vesicular, es prevenible. Objetivo: Describir las nuevas evidencias biomoleculares de la litogénesis biliar de colesterol como base de la futura terapia preventiva de la litiasis vesicular. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y crítica de las evidencias de impacto sobre la litogénesis biliar. Se consultaron artículos publicados entre 2015-2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS y Elsevier. Resultados: Se recuperaron evidencias actuales de los mecanismos biomoleculares relacionados con las futuras terapias preventivas de la litiasis vesicular, propuestos como fundamentos teóricos. Conclusiones: La descripción actualizada de la litogénesis biliar de colesterol, con los nuevos conceptos biomoleculares incorporados, aporta a su comprensión el papel de los genes de receptores nucleares, la intervención de estos últimos y de los transportadores de la secreción biliar. Dirigida a médicos generales, cirujanos, gastroenterólogos y fisiólogos, la descripción actualizada de La litogénesis biliar impacta como nuevo paradigma con los conceptos biomoleculares que intervienen en pro de su prevención(AU)

Introduction: Biliary lithogenesis is a preventable process of cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile. Objective: Describe the new biomolecular evidence of biliary cholesterol lithogenesis serving as a basis for future preventive therapy for gallbladder lithiasis. Methods: A systematic critical review was conducted of impact evidence about biliary lithogenesis. The papers consulted were published in the databases PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS and Elsevier from 2015 to 2020. Results: Current evidence was retrieved of biomolecular mechanisms proposed as theoretical foundations for future preventive therapies for gallbladder lithiasis. Conclusions: Intended for general practitioners, surgeons, gastroenterologists and physiologists, the updated description of biliary lithogenesis including the role of nuclear receptors, biliary lipid transporters and the biological value of enterohepatic circulation in the integrity and functioning of the hepatobiliary system as regulators of the cholesterol mechanism, makes an impact as a new paradigm with the biomolecular concepts involved in biliary lithogenesis prevention(AU)

Histopathological Changes in Kidney and Urinary Bladder of Experimental Rats on Different Diets Showing the Risk of Crystallization.

An experimental work was carried out in wistar rats to study the histopathological changes caused by different diets on the kidney and urinary bladder and to understand the risk of calcium oxalate crystallization. Both non-diabetic non-calculogenic and diabetic non-calculogenic rats were used for this study. The rats were fed on standard laboratory diet / diet low in vitamin A and diet rich in vitamin C for three months. At the end of the experiment the kidney and urinary bladder were excised and the tissues were processed for the histopathological study. The histopathological changes such as epithelial desquamation, interstitial inflammation and crystalline deposits of grade + were observed in the kidneys of rats on low vitamin A diet indicating the tendency of low vitamin A diet to promote lithogenesis. Amorphous debris and the birefringent crystalline deposits seen in the tubules along with metaplasia in the urinary bladder of rats on high vitamin C diet which indicate the tendency of high vitamin C diet to aggravate the calculogenic propensity.