Livedo reticularis y dengue

Se presenta a un varón de 40 años, residente en la ciudad de Lima, sin viajes recientes, con fiebre, malestar general, cefalea y diarrea. Acudió al Servicio de Emergencia y los exámenes auxilares mostraron leucopenia y trombocitopenia leve. Los estudios para Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, toxoplasma, rubéola, citomegalovirus, herpes 1 y 2 y COVID-19 fueron negativos. Los anticuerpos IgM y IgG para dengue fueron negativos, y la proteína NS1 fue positiva. El paciente fue diagnosticado con dengue y solo recibió paracetamol. En el seguimiento, en el séptimo día de enfermedad, se le halló afebril y con lesiones dérmicas tipo livedo reticularis en los miembros, principalmente. Se resalta este inusual patrón cutáneo en dengue.

We present the case of a 40-year-old male, resident of Lima city, with no recent travels, with fever, general malaise, headache and diarrhea. He went to the Emergency Department and auxiliary tests showed leukopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. Studies for Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, herpes 1-2 and COVID-19 were negative. IgM and IgG antibodies for dengue were negative and NS1 protein was positive. He was diagnosed with dengue. He only received paracetamol. On follow-up, on the seventh day of illness, he was found afebrile and with livedo reticularis type dermal lesions on the limbs, mainly. This unusual cutaneous pattern in dengue is highlighted.

Manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico, estudio de 5 años

Introducción: Las manifestaciones dermatológicas constituyen un grupo fundamental dentro de la morbilidad extraarticular en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Su importancia radica en la elevada frecuencia de presentación y en el papel diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones dermatológicas identificadas en pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico. Métodos: Investigación básica, descriptiva, transversal, que tuvo como universo a 87 pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico, según criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología, atendidos durante el periodo junio 2017 - junio 2022 en la consulta externa de reumatología de la Clínica Metropolitana de la ciudad de Riobamba. La muestra quedó conformada por 72 pacientes a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta para obtener información relacionada con las características generales de los pacientes y de la enfermedad. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 40,59 años, predominio de pacientes entre 40 y 49 años (30,56 %), del sexo femenino (95,83 %) y con tiempo de evolución entre 1 y 5 años (62,50 %). El 86,11 % de los pacientes refirió manifestaciones dermatológicas, el rash malar (74,19 %) y el livedo reticular (33,87 %) fueron las de mayor frecuencia de presentación. El 65,30 % de los casos usan protección solar, el bloqueador solar fue el más utilizado (61,70 %). Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones dermatológicas más frecuentes en el curso evolutivo del lupus fueron el rash malar, livedo reticular y la alopecia.

Introduction: Dermatological manifestations constitute a fundamental group within extra-articular morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Its importance lies in the high frequency of presentation and in the diagnostic role of the disease. Objective: To describe the dermatological manifestations identified in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Basic, descriptive, cross-sectional research, whose universe was 87 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, treated during the period June 2017 - June 2022 in the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Metropolitan Clinic. from the city of Riobamba. The sample was made up of 72 patients to whom a survey was applied to obtain information related to the general characteristics of the patients and the disease. Results: Average age of 40.59 years, predominance of patients between 40 and 49 years (30.56%), female (95.83%) and with evolution time between 1 and 5 years (62.50%). 86.11% of the patients reported dermatological manifestations, malar rash (74.19%) and livedo reticularis (33.87%) were the most frequently present. 65.30% of the cases used sun protection, being sunscreen the most used (61.70%). Conclusions: Dermatological manifestations are frequent in the evolutionary course of lupus, predominantly malar rash, livedo reticularis and alopecia.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en pacientes con COVID-19. Estudio prospectivo / Skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19. A prospective study

Resumen Desde marzo 2020 se describieron lesiones cutáneas asociadas a COVID-19. Los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar las lesiones cutáneas en estos pacientes, analizar su relación temporal, asociación con la gravedad de la enfermedad, los síntomas extracutáneos y parámetros de laboratorio. Es un estudio prospectivo, observacional, analítico y de corte transversal, en internados con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Se catalogaron las dermatosis en primarias y secundarias. Se incluyeron 45 pacientes, 44.4% con dermatosis primarias y 53.3% con lesiones secundarias. La edad media fue de 46 años (DS: 17), con predominio del sexo masculino (68.9%). Las lesiones primarias aparecieron luego de una mediana de 5 días (RIC: 3-10) del inicio de los síntomas de COVID-19 y las secundarias luego de 14.5 días (RIC: 7-20). Las dermatosis primarias fueron: exantema maculopapuloso (65%), urticariforme (20%, la mitad con lesiones vesiculosas), livedo reticular (10%) y púrpura (5%). Las dermatosis secundarias más frecuentes fueron reacciones adversas a fármacos (37.1%) y dermatosis infecciosas (25.9%). El exantema maculopapuloso se asoció a COVID-19 moderado y las lesiones por presión a COVID-19 grave (p < 0.05). El hallazgo de neutrofilia fue mayor entre aquellos con dermatosis infecciosas secundarias (p < 0.05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas al evaluar otros parámetros de laboratorio, ni síntomas extracutáneos. Este trabajo muestra las manifestaciones cutáneas en internados con COVID-19. El patrón más prevalente fue el exantema maculopapuloso que se asoció con la forma moderada de la enfermedad. La aparición de lesiones luego de las 2 semanas del inicio de los síntomas de COVID-19 se asoció a dermatosis secundarias.

Abstract As of March 2020, skin lesions associated with COVID-19 have been described. The objectives of the study were to char acterize the skin lesions in these patients, analyze their temporal relationship, association with the severity of the disease, extracutaneous symptoms and laboratory parameters. A prospective, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Dermatoses were clas sified as primary and secondary. Forty-five patients were included, 44.4% with primary dermatoses and 53.3% with secondary lesions. The mean age was 46 years (SD: 17), with a male predominance (68.9%). The primary lesions appeared after a median of 5 days (IQR: 3-10) from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms and the secondary ones after 14.5 days (IQR: 7-20). The primary dermatoses found were maculopapular rash (65%), urticarial (20%, half with vesicular lesions), livedo reticular (10%) and purpura (5%). The most frequent secondary dermatoses were adverse drug reactions (37.1%) and infectious dermatoses (25.9%). Maculopapular rash was associated with moderate COVID-19 and pressure injuries with severe COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The finding of neutrophilia was higher among those with secondary infectious dermatoses (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found when evaluating other laboratory parameters. This work shows the skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in our environment. The most prevalent pattern was the maculopapular rash that was associated with the moderate form of the disease. The appearance of lesions 2 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms was associated with secondary dermatoses.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 / 中华皮肤科杂志

COVID-19 can be accompanied by a variety of cutaneous abnormalities, which mainly include vascular lesions (chilblain-like lesions, livedo reticularis, purpura, ecchymosis, acral cyanosis, gangrene, etc) and inflammatory lesions (diffuse erythema, morbilliform exanthem, acute urticaria, varicella-like exanthem, etc) . Some types of skin lesions may be the first symptom or the only clinical manifestation of COVID-19.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of 64 cases of livedoid vasculopathy / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To analyze clinical features and distribution patterns of livedoid vasculopathy lesions, especially obvious livedo reticularis and purpuric lesions.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 64 patients with confirmed livedoid vasculopathy in Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from July 2017 to October 2020, and analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among the 64 patients, 23 were males and 41 were females, aged 13 - 54 years; their age at onset ranged from 7 to 51 years, and 48 developed livedoid vasculopathy before the age of 25 years; the course of disease ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Livedoid vasculopathy occurred or worsened in summer in 49 patients, and skin lesions mainly manifested as necrotic irregular purpura, purpuric dermatosis-like erythema, irregular ulcers, livedo reticularis, telangiectasia, irregular white atrophic scars and pigmentation. Among the 64 patients, ulcers and necrotic purpura were mostly irregular, and occurred on the dorsum of the foot and around the ankle. A total of 40 patients presented with purpuric dermatosis-like lesions, including 32 with pigmented purpura and 4 with telangiectatic purpura. Besides, numbness, tingling and other symptoms of nerve terminal damage occurred in 4 patients.Conclusion:Clinical manifestations of livedoid vasculopathy are diverse, and differential diagnosis is important for patients with generalized livedo reticularis, purpuric dermatosis-like lesions and symptoms such as numbness.

Enfermedad por aglutininas frías: proceso diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de un paciente / Cold agglutinin disease: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of a patient

La enfermedad por crioaglutininas es una anemia hemolítica autoinmune que se caracteriza, en la gran mayoría de los casos, por la hemólisis mediada por autoanticuerpos de tipo IgM y complemento C3d, contra los antígenos de la membrana del eritrocito, que conduce a hemólisis extravascular con propensión a la trombosis, y que afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y personas mayores. Su diagnóstico se realiza con la prueba de Coombs directo y fraccionado, y la titulación de aglutininas frías >1:64 a 4 °C. Se describe el caso clínico de una mujer de 89 años con un síndrome constitucional y una anemia de 3 años de evolución, en quien se determinó el diagnóstico de enfermedad por aglutininas frías. Asimismo, se describe el abordaje diagnóstico, el tratamiento instaurado, y se hace una breve revisión de la literatura publicada

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is an autoimmune hemolytic anemia characterized in the vast majority of cases by hemolysis mediated by IgM autoantibodies and complement C3d against erythrocyte membrane antigens, leading to extravascular hemolysis with propensity to thrombosis, affecting mainly females and older individuals. It is diagnosed by direct and fractionated Coombs test and a cold agglutinin titer >1:64 at 4 °C. We describe the case of an 89-year-old woman with a constitutional syndrome and a 3-year history of anemia, who was diagnosed with cold agglutinin disease. Also, we include the diagnostic and treatment approach, and a brief review of the literature

Pancreatitis aguda grave en un paciente fumador / Serious acute pancreatitis in a smoking patient

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 51 años de edad con antecedente patológico personal de ser un fumador empedernido, el cual acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba por presentar disnea asociada a cifras elevadas de tensión arterial y livedo reticular en la cara anterior abdominal. Debido al cuadro clínico y a los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, fue trasladado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, donde posteriormente se le diagnosticó pancreatitis aguda grave, tras realizar una laparotomía exploratoria y hallar zonas isquémicas en las asas intestinales. El paciente mantuvo una evolución tórpida y falleció a causa de una disfunción múltiple de órganos.

The case report of a 51 years patient with personal pathological history of being a heavy smoker is described, who went to the emergency room of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to a dyspnea associated with high figures of blood pressure and livedo reticularis in the abdominal anterior face. Due to the clinical pattern and the results of the complementary tests, he was referred to the Intensive Cares Unit, where later on he was diagnosed serious acute pancreatitis, after an exploratory laparotomy where ischemic areas in the intestinal loops were found. The patient maintained a torpid clinical course and he died because of a multiple dysfunction of organs.

Is macular lymphocytic arteritis limited to the skin? Long-term follow-up of seven patients

Abstract Background: Macular lymphocytic arteritis most commonly presents as hyperpigmented macules on the lower limbs. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear and there is an ongoing debate regarding whether it represents a new form of cutaneous vasculitis or an indolent form of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Objective: To describe clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings of patients with the diagnosis of macular lymphocytic arteritis. Methods: A retrospective search was conducted by reviewing cases followed at the Vasculitis Clinic of the Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, between 2005 and 2017. Seven patients were included. Results: All cases were female, aged 9-46 years, and had hyperpigmented macules mainly on the legs. Three patients reported symptoms. Skin biopsies evidencing a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate affecting arterioles at the dermal subcutaneous junction were found, as well as a typical luminal fibrin ring. None of the patients developed necrotic ulcers, neurological damage, or systemic manifestations. The follow-up ranged from 18 to 151 months, with a mean duration of 79 months. Study limitations: This study is subject to a number of limitations: small sample of patients, besides having a retrospective and uncontrolled study design. Conclusions: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this series presents the longest duration of follow-up reported to date. During this period, none of the patients showed resolution of the lesions despite treatment, nor did any progress to systemic vasculitis. Similarities between clinical and skin biopsy findings support the hypothesis that macular lymphocytic arteritis is a benign, incomplete, and less aggressive form of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.

Necrosis dérmica como primera manifestación del síndrome de anticuerpos antifosfolípido / Dermal necrosis as the first manifestation of anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

Resumen El síndrome de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos es una condición de reciente descripción, cuyo diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de eventos trombóticos sin predisposición previa, con positividad de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Su presentación clínica incluye gran variedad de patrones, algunos de ellos no incluidos dentro de los criterios clínicos de diagnóstico, pero que deben ser conocidos. El compromiso dérmico es usual como livedo, sin embargo, la necrosis dérmica no es usual. Se presenta un caso de síndrome de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos con necrosis dérmica como manifestación primaria de la enfermedad.

Abstract Antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome is a recently described condition. The diagnosis of this condition is based on the presence of thrombotic events without previous predisposition and the positivity of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Its clinical presentation includes a variety of patterns, some of which are not included within the clinical criteria of the diagnosis, but must be known. Dermal involvement as livedo reticularis is common. However, dermal necrosis is not usual. Thus, a case of antiphospholipid syndrome with dermal necrosis is presented as a primary manifestation of the disease.

Vasculopatia livedoide tratada com rivaroxabana / Livedoid vasculopathy treated with rivaroxaban

A vasculopatia livedoide é uma doença rara caracterizada pela oclusão da microvasculatura da derme, originando lesões maculosas que, posteriormente, podem evoluir para úlceras e cicatrizes atróficas. Como um fenômeno vaso-oclusivo, o tratamento geralmente é realizado com antiplaquetários e fibrinolíticos. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma paciente refratária à terapia convencional, que obteve regressão da doença utilizando a rivaroxabana, um fármaco inibidor seletivo do fator Xa. (AU)

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare disease characterized by occlusion of the dermis microvasculature, leading to spotted lesions that can later develop into ulcers and atrophic scars. As a vaso- occlusive phenomenon, treatment is usually performed with antiplatelet and fibrinolytic agents. The present report describes the case of a female patient refractory to conventional therapy who presented disease remission using rivaroxaban, a selective factor Xa inhibitor drug. (AU)

Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient / Livedo reticular por hipotermia durante anestesia para tratamento odontológico em paciente com síndrome de Down

Abstract Background: Livedo reticularis is a benign dermatological condition characterized by ischemic areas permeated by erythematous-cyanotic areas in a lacy pattern, and may be transient or permanent and is frequently associated with body exposure to cold. Cutaneous arterial vasospasm promotes ischemia, and venous dilation of the congested areas occurs by tissue hypoxia or autonomic dysfunction. Patients with Down's syndrome, due to their physiological peculiarities, constitute a representative part of those who require dental care under general anesthesia, and livedo reticularis has a reported incidence of 8-12% in Down's syndrome patients. Objectives: To describe the physiological livedo reticularis in a Down's syndrome patient, with the onset during the anesthetic-surgical procedure. Case report: 5-year-old female patient with Down's syndrome, admitted for dental treatment under balanced general anesthesia with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and atracurium. Transoperative hypothermia occurred with axillary temperature reaching 34.5 °C after 30 min after the beginning of anesthesia. At the end of the procedure, red-purplish skin lesions interspersed with areas of pallor were observed exclusively on the ventromedial aspect of the right forearm, with no systemic signs suggestive of allergic reactions. The established diagnosis was physiological livedo reticularis. There was a total fading of the lesions within 5 days. Conclusion: This report evidences the need for thermal control of patients undergoing anesthesia, as well as the manifestation of livedo reticularis as a consequence of transoperative hypothermia.

Resumo Justificativa: O livedo reticular representa quadro dermatológico benigno, caracterizado por áreas isquêmicas permeadas por áreas eritematocianóticas em padrão rendilhado, pode ser transitório ou permanente e frequentemente é associado à exposição corporal ao frio. O vasoespasmo arterial cutâneo promove a isquemia e a dilatação venosa das áreas congestas e ocorre por hipóxia tecidual ou por disfunção autonômica. Os portadores da síndrome de Down, devido às suas peculiaridades fisiológicas, constituem uma representativa parcela daqueles que necessitam de atendimento odontológico sob anestesia geral e o livedo reticular tem incidência relatada de 8% a 12% em pacientes com síndrome de Down. Objetivos: Descrever quadro de livedo reticular fisiológico em paciente portador de síndrome de Down, com aparecimento durante o ato anestésico-cirúrgico. Relato do caso: Paciente de cinco anos, sexo feminino, síndrome de Down, admitida para tratamento odontológico sob anestesia geral balanceada, com emprego de sevoflurano, fentanil e atracúrio. Houve ocorrência de hipotermia transoperatória, a temperatura axilar atingiu 34,5 ºC após 30 minutos do início da anestesia. Ao término do procedimento, notaram-se lesões cutâneas vermelho-arroxeadas, intercaladas com áreas de palidez, exclusivamente na face ventromedial do antebraço direito, sem sinais sistêmicos sugestivos de reações alérgicas. O diagnóstico firmado foi de livedo reticular fisiológico. Houve esmaecimento total das lesões em cinco dias. Conclusão: O relato apresentado evidencia a necessidade de controle térmico de pacientes submetidos a anestesias, bem como registra manifestação de livedo reticular em consequência de hipotermia transoperatória.

Lesiones cutáneas reticuladas en un paciente con dolor lumbar / Reticular erythema in a patient with back pain

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías está modificando nuestra vida en muchos aspectos, incluyendo la aparición de nuevas patologías y el cambio en las causas de otras ya conocidas. El eritema "ab igne" es un tipo de hipermelanosis producida por la exposición crónica al calor moderado, que clásicamente se ha relacionado con el uso de braseros, bolsas de agua caliente o mantas eléctricas, actualmente las podemos ver relacionadas con el empleo de ordenadores portátiles. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico y la sospecha diagnóstica junto con la anamnesis dirigida revelarán la exposición crónica a la radiación térmica. Es necesario tener presentes estos nuevos agentes etiológicos para evitar retrasos diagnósticos y el consiguiente empeoramiento del cuadro clínico. El conocimiento de esta entidad clínica es importante dado que se encuentra dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la patología con lesiones reticuladas cutáneas, presente de forma habitual en ciertas enfermedades reumatológicas. Los facultativos debemos conocer esta entidad para sospecharla y advertir a nuestros pacientes del riesgo que supone el apoyo directo y continuado de una fuente de calor(AU)

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías está modificando nuestra vida en muchos aspectos, incluyendo la aparición de nuevas patologías y el cambio en las causas de otras ya conocidas. El eritema "ab igne" es un tipo de hipermelanosis producida por la exposición crónica al calor moderado, que clásicamente se ha relacionado con el uso de braseros, bolsas de agua caliente o mantas eléctricas, actualmente las podemos ver relacionadas con el empleo de ordenadores portátiles. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico y la sospecha diagnóstica junto con la anamnesis dirigida revelarán la exposición crónica a la radiación térmica. Es necesario tener presentes estos nuevos agentes etiológicos para evitar retrasos diagnósticos y el consiguiente empeoramiento del cuadro clínico. El conocimiento de esta entidad clínica es importante dado que se encuentra dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la patología con lesiones reticuladas cutáneas, presente de forma habitual en ciertas enfermedades reumatológicas. Los facultativos debemos conocer esta entidad para sospecharla y advertir a nuestros pacientes del riesgo que supone el apoyo directo y continuado de una fuente de calor(AU)

Síndrome de Sneddon asociado a síndrome antifosfolipídico: descripciones clínicas y revisión de la literatura / Sneddon syndrome associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical descriptions and a literature review

Resumen El síndrome de Sneddon es una rara vasculopatía no inflamatoria, obliterante, caracterizada por la asociación de eventos cardiovasculares (hipertensión arterial, claudicación intermitente y enfermedad coronaria), neurológicas (accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos, cefalea, vértigo y convulsiones) y livedo reticularis de tipo racemosa. Presentamos a una mujer que ingresa con un cuadro neurológico isquémico, hipertensión arterial, problemas vasculares y lesiones en piel. La biopsia de piel se catalogó como dermatitis perivascular superficial linfocitaria, sugestivo de lesión oclusiva.

Abstract Sneddon syndrome is a rare non-inflammatory obliterative vasculopathy, characterised by the association of cardiovascular (arterial hypertension, intermittent claudication, and coronary artery disease) and neurological events (ischaemic stroke, headache, dizziness and convulsions), and livedo reticularis/livedo racemosa. The case is presented of a woman admitted with an ischaemic neurological disease, hypertension, vascular problems, and skin lesions. The skin biopsy was classified as surface perivascular lymphocytic dermatitis, suggestive of occlusive lesion.

Vasculopatia livedóide: a propósito de um caso clínico / Livedoid vasculopathy: a clinical case proposition

A vasculopatia livedóide é uma dermatose crônica oclusiva dos vasos sanguíneos da derme, de caráter pauci-inflamatório ou não inflamatório, extremamente dolorosa. A etiologia não é totalmente esclarecida; estando associada a eventos pró-trombóticos. Caracterizada pela presença de lesões maculopapulares, eritêmato-purpúricas, nos membros inferiores, especialmente nos tornozelos e pés que ulceram gerando cicatrizes atróficas, denominadas atrofia branca. A histopatologia evidencia oclusão dos vasos da derme, devido à deposição de fibrina intravascular e presença de trombo intraluminal, além de hialinização segmentar e proliferação endotelial, há também, um infiltrado inflamatório perivascular discreto. Descrevemos um caso de vasculopatia livedóide evidenciando os achados histopatológicos encontrados na biópsia. (AU)

Livedoid vasculopathy is a chronic occlusive vasculopathy dermatosis, with a pauciinflammatory or noninflammatory characteristic, and is extremely painful. Its ethiology is not entirely known, being associated with pro-thrombotic events. Characterized by erythematous purpuric maculopapular lesions on the legs, especially on the ankles and feet, that ulcerates and heals with white atrophic scars, named atrophie blanche. Histopathology shows occlusion of dermal vases, segmental hyalinization and endothelial proliferation; there is also a discreet perivascular inflammatory infiltrate. We describe a case of livedoid vasculopathy showing the histopathological findings on the biopsy. (AU)

Síndrome de Nicolau por la administración de la vacuna séxtuple intramuscular en un lactante de 6 meses / Nicolau syndrome induced by intramuscular injection of a hexavalent vaccine in a 6-month-old girl

El síndrome de Nicolau, también conocido como embolia cutis medicamentosa o dermatitis livedoide, es una reacción cutánea infrecuente, caracterizada por una necrosis de la piel y los tejidos blandos de aparición súbita luego de la aplicación intramuscular de algunas drogas. Presentamos a un bebé de 6 meses de edad que, al recibir la tercera dosis de la vacuna séxtuple intramuscular, desarrolló una lesión necrótica con reticulado violáceo periférico en el sitio de aplicación. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico precoz a fin de instaurar un adecuado tratamiento y seguimiento para evitar complicaciones secundarias a la isquemia.

Nicolau syndrome, also known as embolia cutis medicamentosa or livedo-like dermatitis, is a sudden tissue necrosis, a rare complication of intramuscular injection of some drugs. We report a case of a 6-month-old girl who received intramuscularly the third dose of hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-HVB-IPV/HIb), and immediately presented a livedoid lesion around the injection site, progressing to necrosis. We reinforce the importance of early diagnosis to perform a suitable treatment and clinical follow-up to avoid ischemic secondary complications.

Clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with cutaneous vasculitis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To compare clinical and laboratory characteristics between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without cutaneous vasculitis,and to investigate the correlation of cutaneous vasculitis with severe visceral involvement and laboratory biomarkers.Methods A total of 152 SLE patients with various skin manifestations were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from July 2011 to October 2014.The clinical and laboratory data were collected and retrospectively analyzed.SLE patients with cutaneous vasculitis were divided into upper/lower extremity vasculitis group and livedo reticularis group.A logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between cutaneous vasculitis and various clinical and laboratory variables.Results Of 152 SLE patients,62 (41％) presented with cutaneous vasculitis,including 55 with upper/lower extremity vasculitis and 7 with livedo reticularis,and 90 (59％) did not have cutaneous vasculitis.Patients with upper/lower extremity vasculitis showed significantly younger age (30.54 ± 12.67 years vs.37.77 ± 12.17 years),and lower prevalence of aberrantly elevated 24-hour protein excretion (39.39％ vs.64.00％) and serum urea level (2.08％ vs.16.43％),but significantly higher percentage of females (98.18％ vs.84.44％),higher proportions of patients with abnormal brain MRI (37.5％ vs.12.19％),anemia (87.03％ vs.70.93％) and positive antiribosomal P protein antibodies (77.77％ vs.53.65％),and higher SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (14.71 ± 7.75 vs.10.68 ± 5.61) than those without vasculitis (all P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of patients with decreased C3 level did not differ between patients with upper/lower extremity vasculitis and those without cutaneous vasculitis (P =0.362),but was significantly lower in the patients with livedo reticularis than in those without cutaneous vasculitis (28.57％ vs.79.76％,P =0.008).However,no significant differences in the other variables were observed between patients with livedo reticularis and those without cutaneous vasculitis (all P ＞ 0.05).Additionally,body mass index (BMI),abnormal lung function and other laboratory variables all did not differ among patients with upper/lower extremity vasculitis,patients with livedo reticularis and patients without cutaneous vasculitis (all P ＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that after exclusion of potential effects of age and gender,cutaneous vasculitis was significantly positively correlated with abnormal brain MRI (OR =4.24,95％ CI:1.17-16.13,P =0.028),and positive anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (OR =3.97,95％ CI:1.86-8.47,P =0.0004),but negatively correlated with abnormally elevated 24-hour protein excretion (OR =0.25,95％ CI:0.09-0.69,P =0.009).Furthermore,cutaneous vasculitis showed no significant associations with abnormal serum urea level (OR =0.12,95％ CI:0.01-1.06),decreased C3 level (OR =0.93,95％ CI:0.38-2.28),anemia (OR =1.38,95％ CI:0.56-3.40) or SLEDAI (OR =1.05,95％ CI:0.98-1.14).Conclusions Cutaneous vasculitis is closely associated with central nervous system damage and emergence of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies,so SLE patients with cutaneous vasculitis should be closely monitored for central nervous system damage.SLE patients without cutaneous vasculitis are more liable to kidney injury,so they also need to be closely monitored.

Dermatological Manifestations of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Are Common and Diverse

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a syndrome of orthostatic intolerance in the setting of excessive tachycardia with orthostatic challenge, and these symptoms are relieved when recumbent. Apart from symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, there are many other comorbid conditions such as chronic headache, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, and sleep disturbances. Dermatological manifestations of POTS are also common and range widely from livedo reticularis to Raynaud's phenomenon. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 26 patients with POTS who presented to the neurology clinic. They were asked to report on various characteristics of dermatological symptoms, with their answers recorded on a Likert rating scale. Symptoms were considered positive if patients answered with "strongly agree" or "agree", and negative if they answered with "neutral", "strongly disagree", or "disagree". RESULTS: The most commonly reported symptom was rash (77%). Raynaud's phenomenon was reported by over half of the patients, and about a quarter of patients reported livedo reticularis. The rash was most commonly found on the arms, legs, and trunk. Some patients reported that the rash could spread, and was likely to be pruritic or painful. Very few reported worsening of symptoms on standing. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that dermatological manifestations in POTS vary but are highly prevalent, and are therefore of important diagnostic and therapeutic significance for physicians and patients alike to gain a better understanding thereof. Further research exploring the underlying pathophysiology, incidence, and treatment strategies is necessary.

Amantadine-induced livedo reticularis - Case report

AbstractLivedo reticularis is a spastic-anatomical condition of the small vessels which translates morphologically by a reticular pattern, interspersing cyanosis, pallor and erythema. The same can be congenital or acquired. Among the acquired, we highlight the physiological livedo reticularis and the idiopathic livedo by vasospasm; the latter configures the most common cause. The drug-induced type is less common. The drugs amantadine and norepinephrine are often implicated. Cyanosis is usually reversible if the causative factor is removed, however, with chronicity, the vessels may become permanently dilated and telangiectatic. We report a case of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease with chronic livedo reticularis associated with the use of amantadine and improvement after discontinuation of the drug.

Pentoxifilina: ¿qué quedó de la droga de la década?: what has remained of the drug of the decade? / Pentoxifillyne

Una revisión sobre los efectos y utilidades de la pentoxifilina, desde los años noventa y la efectividad demostrada en la experiencia del autor, es comunicada. Se remarca su efectividad en la necrobiosis lipoídica, livedo vasculitis, así como la posibilidad de volver a ensayarla en otras entidades, donde la hipercoagulabilidad-hiperviscosidad sanguínea, esté involucrada en la etiopatogenia de las mismas.

Since the early 90s it has been reviewing the potential therapeutic utilities of pentoxifillyne. The usefulness of the drug in the treatment of necrobiosis lipoídica and livedo vasculitis is reinforced. In addition I suggest training again the pentoxifillyne in conditions where the hypercoagulable and hyperviscosity of the blood are involved.