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Objective To research the clinical significance of the tibiofibular syndesmosis based on the anatomical characteristics of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. Methods A total of 51 tibiofibular syndesmosis collected from Southwest Medical University were measured based on the anatomical characteristics of the lower tibia and fibula of anticorrosive specimens. Results The geometrical data of the anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament and transverse tibiofibular ligament were measured respectively, and mean ± standard deviation was described. Include: the length, width, thickness of the anterior tibiofibular ligament (8. 53±0. 69, 19. 06±1. 34, 15. 99±1. 44) mm, the length, width, thickness of the posterior tibiofibular ligament (9. 34±0. 63, 16. 92±1. 76, 14. 36±0. 89) mm, the length, width, thickness of the transverse tibiofibular ligament (18. 42±2. 48, 21. 93±2. 59, 4. 56±0. 17) mm. The angel between the anterior tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (20. 49±4. 86, 42. 20± 3. 42)°. The angel between the posterior tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (13. 2±2. 06, 40. 92±3. 13) °. The angel between the transverse tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (13. 45±1. 57, 32. 73±3. 70)°. According to the data analysis, the anterior, posterior and transverse tibiofibular ligaments have statistical difference between men and women, but there is no statistical difference between left and right feet. Conclusion The tibiofibular syndesmosis is of great significance to the stability of the ankle joint and the anatomical structure has important guiding significance for clinical treatment.
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Objective To define the anatomical characteristics of the insula and its relation with its surrounding structures that can lead to precisely design the microsurgical approaches of the insular region.Methods We analyzed the head data of 15 Chinese adult cadavers(30 hemispheres)fixed by 10% formalin.The relative anatomical landmarks of the insular region and the distance from the insula to its peripherally correlative structures were measured and described. Results The insula,being one of the paralimbic structures,constituted the invaginated portion of the cerebral cortex and formed the base of the sylvian fissure.The insula was covered and enclosed by the frontoorbitsl,frontoparietal and temporal opercula and the transmigrated part of the insula was the uncinate extreme capsule,the white matter region inferior to the insular cortex.The insula was adjacent to the external capsule,the claustrum,the internal capsule,the lenticular nucleus,the caudate nucleus and the thalamus.The insula separated the endbrain and the limbic structures like an inverted pyramid.Various unique anatomical features of the insula and the peripheral relations with the insula were determined by using the fiber dissection techniques.Conclusion A good understanding of the surgical anatomy,being extremely important for a neurosurgeon, can guide us to operate for such series of frequent and multiple diseases aS hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage from the basal ganglia,the insular glioma and temporal lobe epilepsy in the neurosurgery.
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Objective To provide an anatomical basis for endoscopic surgery of lateral ventricular choroid plexus. Methods Eight formalin-fixed adult human head specimens (16 sides) were observed for the morphologies of the choroid plexus and the distribution of the supplying arteries. The distances from the margin of the choroid plexus to the midline of brain and the diameter of choroid vessels were measured, and the location of optimal puncture point for endoscopic transoccippital surgery was determined. Results Measurements showed that the lateral ventricular choroid plexus was located mostly in the triangular region and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. The distances from the ehoroid point, temporal protruding point, and frontal horn to the midline of the brain were 25.6±2.0 mm, 32.2±1.1 mm, and 29.1+1.3 mm, respectively. The widths of the temporal choroid plexus, chorod glomuis and the body of the choroid plexus were significantly different [(6.40+0.64) mm vs (13.53±1.03) nun vs (3.70±0.59) ram, P<0.05]. Choroid plexus was supplied by the vessels from choroid fissure, and the choroid glomus was supplied by the lateral branch of the anterior choroid artery. The optimal puncture site for endoscopic transoccippital surgery should be 5 cm above the occipital protuberance and 3 cm lateral to the midline, and the puncture should be carried out in the direction of the collateral eye. Conclusion Endoscopic choroid plexus surgery through the optimal puncture point allows maximal treatment of the choroid plexus. The lateral branch of the anterior choroid artery can be safely severed without affecting the blood supply of the thalamus, subependyma or temporal lobe.