Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of Active Constituents from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Inflammation is involved in the development of various acute and chronic diseases in the body. Sustained inflammatory responses are key driving factors for diseases such as cancer， neurodegenerative diseases， cardiovascular diseases， metabolic syndrome， inflammatory bowel disease， and arthritis. Therefore， finding anti-inflammatory drugs is crucial for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years， there has been increasing attention to finding natural drugs with minimal toxic side effects. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， as traditional Chinese medicines potent in clearing heat and removing toxins， have strong biological activity and multiple pharmacological effects. They are widely distributed in the plant world and have significant medicinal value. With the continuous advancement of the research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， they have been widely used in the medical field and possess great development potential. Currently， research mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， while systematic summaries of their anti-inflammatory active ingredients are rare. Therefore， this paper focuses on the differential analysis of the anti-inflammatory active components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. In addition， it reviewed the possible mechanisms by which extracts and active ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos may exert anti-inflammatory effects through various pathways， such as influencing the release of cellular inflammatory factors， regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/NF-κB， and Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathways， increasing antioxidant stress capacity， enhancing immune defense capabilities， and improving intestinal microbiota， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.

Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos based on network pharmacology / 中草药·英文版

Objective: In Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) history, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were used clinically as one drug, but now they are admitted as two herbal medicines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). This study used network pharmacology to investigate whether the two can be used interchangeably for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in TCM clinical practice. Methods: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were compared in the inflammation mechanism including core targets, Gene Ontology (GO), pathway and principle chemical components by the method of network pharmacology. Results: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos shared in six targets accounting for 66.7% of the entire core targets and more than half of the GO terms and pathways are similar. Organic acids are dominent compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory effects. Three of the compounds that bind to core targets including luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol, are shared in both herbs. Conclusion: Due to high similarity between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, we believe that they can be used interchangeably for the inflammation in clinical treatment.

Quality Control of Dynamic Volatile Components in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment method were used to control the quality of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the stability and consistency of volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were clarified. Method:Volatile oils in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos from different producing areas was extracted for GC-MS determination with electron bombardment ion source， ion source temperature of 230 ℃， and detection range of m/z 35-650. Then National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） 05 and ChemicalBook database were used for qualitative analysis of these volatile components， the peak area normalization method was used for quantitative analysis， and the total statistical moment parameters and the zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes of the components were calculated. Result:Number of peaks （RSD were 28.5%， 33.4%， respectively）， total zero-order moments （RSD were 55.5%， 128.9%， respectively） and total second-order moments （RSD were 15.3%， 21.5%， respectively） of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were unstable， indicating that the types and contents of volatile components fluctuated sharply， but the total first-order moments （RSD were 7.5%， 8.8%， respectively） and the zero-order， first-order， second-order and third-order molecular connectivity indexes （RSD ranged from 8.1% to 10.3% and 4.2% to 5.5%， respectively） were relatively stable， indicating that the overall "imprinting template" of the components was similar. Statistical analysis of each parameter found that there were no significant differences in the number of peaks， total first-order moments and zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes between volatile oils from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. Conclusion:Under the guidance of supramolecular gas evolution "imprinting template" theory， the molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment parameters are used to jointly characterize the "imprinting template" of TCM components in vitro， which can control the stability and consistency of TCM quality.

Comparative study on anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the anti-inflammatory action and mechanism of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract in xylene-induced ear swelling experiment and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model. In vivo, xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling model was used to detect the auricle swelling degree and swelling inhibition rate of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract; the pathological changes of mice auricle were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining. In vitro, RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was induced by LPS, where the cytotoxic effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on RAW264.7 cells were detected by CCK-8 method; Griess method was used to detect the effect of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract on nitric oxide(NO) production, and ELISA method was used to detect the content of inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). At last, Western blot was used to detect the protein changes of cyclooxygenase 1(COX1), COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS) for RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract could significantly inhibit the degree of auricle swelling caused by xylene in mice and the inhibition rate was positively correlated with the drug dose. Furthermore, both of them could reduce the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in mouse ear tissues. For in vitro experiments, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract inhibited NO secretion in RAW264.7 cells, down-regulated the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulated iNOS protein and COX2, NF-κB p65 protein content. In conclusion, both Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and Lonicerae Flos extract have good anti-inflammatory effect, and the mechanism may be related with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Glycosides from flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides / 中草药

Objective: To study the glycosides from the 70% ethanol extract of Lonicera macranthoides. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 7,3’,4’-trimethoxylquercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinadosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 7,3’,4’-trimethoxylquercetin-3-O-rutoside (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (2E,6S)-8-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1″→6’)- β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2,6-dimethyloct-2-eno-1,2″-lactone (4), kankanoside E (5), betulalbuside A (6), shomaside F (7), and amarantholidoside V (8), respectively. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named methoxylquercetinside, while compounds 5-8 are isolated from the genus of Lonicera for the first time.

Two new ursane-type nortriterpenes from Lonicera macranthoides and their iNOS-inhibitory activities / 中国天然药物

The flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides (Shan Yin-Hua), represent an important traditional Chinese medicine and food ingredient. A phytochemical investigation of the 70% EtOH extract of the flower buds of L. macranthoides resulted in the isolation of 12 triterpenoids (1-12), including two new ursane-type nortriterpenes, 2α, 24-dihydroxy-23-nor-ursolic acid (1) and 2α, 4α-dihydroxy-23-nor-ursolic acid (2). Their structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects on iNOS at the concentration of 30 μmol·L.

Evaluation of HPLC Fingerprint of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos Based on Total Statistical Moment Analysis Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos by total statistical moment analysis,in order to provide a basis for studying the nature of the "heterologous effect" phenomenon. Method: HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were established,and the statistical moment parameters and similarity were evaluated by total statistical moment method. Result: According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT,λT, σT2 were 27.537%,1.685%,and 8.346%. According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT, λT, σT2 were 14.752%,2.155% and 2.882%. The similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos fingerprints was above 0.92,and the similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos were above 0.93. The 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos fingerprints were compared,and the similarity was above 0.84. Conclusion: According to the results,the similarity of the Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos fingerprints was very high,which indicated a similarity in chemical composition and composition ratio between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. This may be a prerequisite for the phenomenon of "heterologous effects".

Imprinting equivalence research of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中草药

Objective: To explore and confirm the imprinting equivalence of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) based on the autonomous function of the supramolecular imprinted template, and provide a new solution for double followers dispute. Methods: Using LJF dregs, LF dregs, and Chrysanthemi Flos (CF) dregs as host molecules, and the water extract of LJF, LF, Shuanghuanglian (LJF), Shuanghuanglian (LF), Yinqiaosan (LJF), and Yinqiaosan (LF) as guest molecules, the selective absorb of three host molecules and six guest molecules was carried out. The change of fingerprint of water extract of guest molecules was determinated by HPLC. Then, the MRT and their difference value was calculated through the total quantum statistical moment method,and t-test was performed on it. Results: When the six guest molecules was absorbed by LJF and LF dregs, LJF and CF dregs, LF and CF dregs, the MRT difference value was conducted by t-test. The results were P1 = 0.94 > 0.05, P2 = 0.02 < 0.05, and P3 = 0.04 < 0.05. We can see that all guest molecules was absorbed by LJF and LF dregs. There was no significant difference in the MRT difference value. But when six guest molecules was absorbed by CF dregs. There was significant difference between CF and LJF and CF dreg in the MRT difference value. Conclusion: The statistical data indicated that similarity was existed in both “imprinted template” of LJF and LF. There was difference with CF. It is identified the exist of imprinting equivalence of LJF and LF, which is compatible with clinical medication.

Research status of Lonicera Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos and its key issues for quality control / 中草药

More and more disputes have happened to confront continuously since the separation of Lonicera Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos in the 2005 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, however, there are no differences in the properties, flavors, and channel tropism, functions of curing, usage and dosage in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. By consulting literatures on the medical history, identification, chemical composition, pharmacological action, quality control, and other aspects of Lonicera Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos at home and abroad in recent years, we explore the similarities and differences between Lonicera Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, and the key issues of quality control in order to solve the problem of the combination and separation between them, which can lay a foundation for promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials industry.

Study on Extraction Kinetic Comparison of Chlorogenic Acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the extraction kinetic deviation of the chlorogenic acid (ChA) in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos through established extract kinetic model of closed system of Chinese materia medica. Methods The content of ChA (W0) and ρ2in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were determined by HPLC; The V1and V2were measured by water absorbing further to calculate V0; The value of M, N, L, α, β, and π were estimated by curve fitting using SPSS19.0 edition; The extraction kinetic parameters k, k1′, k2′, ρ1, tmax, cmax, AUC, P%, and D% were calculated by Excel; their similarity was calculate by the total quantum statistical moment similarity (TQSMS). Results The V0, V1,and V2for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were 18.69, 9.50, and 30.20 mL, respectively. The W0for the ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were 3.75%, and ρ2was 0.884; The V0, V1, and V2for Lonicerae Flos were 12.79, 7.80, and 37.00 mL, respectively. The W0for the ChA in Lonicerae Flos were 5.67%, and ρ2was 1.020; The extraction kinetic profiles for ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were fitted three compartment model. The main kinetic parameters as k were 0.1101, 0.3755 h-1; k1′ were 3.632, 3.288 h-1; k2′ were 53.12, 55.28 h-1; ρ1were 2.731, 2.751; tmaxwere 0.299 5, 0.216 3 h; cmaxwere 0.134 0, 0.252 7 mg/mL; AUC were 3.405, 1.560 h; P% were 35.73% and 44.57%; D% were 0.916 2% and 2.680 7%, respectively. Their TQSMS was 0.963 8, which indicated that the extraction kinetics of ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos had good similarity. Conclusion The extraction kinetic model described the dissolution behavior and deviation of extraction kinetic profiles for ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos objectively and effectively. This research can provide some references for further study on extraction processes and preparation of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.

Study on identification and determination of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos by UHPLC / 中草药

Objective: To explore the differences between chemical constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos based on the quality and quantity analysis. Methods: The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Luna C18-HST column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.5 μm) with gradient elution kept at 40 ℃. The mobile phases consist of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The samples were analyzed with a small volume (1 μL) per injection. DAD detection was performed at 327 nm from 0 to 3 min, 350 nm from 3 to 5 min and ELSD detection was performed from 5 to 8 min. Results: Almost all the compounds had good linearities (r = 0.997 6-0.999 9). The excellent recovery rates were 98.71%-100.8% with their RSD from 0.53%-1.87%. Twenty batches of samples obtained from different locations were examined and their chromatographic profiles were compared. Conclusion: The results showed that this method was simple, reliable, and stable, and it could be used to rapidly distinguish Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos with high resolution in a single run within 8 min. Furthermore, the method could accurately determinate chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, maranthoidin B, and dipsaccside B.

Fast measurement method based on near-infrared spectroscopy in concentration of alcohol precipitation proee for Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Lonicerae Flos in Reduning Injection / 中草药

Objective: The calibration models were developed in the concentration of alcohol precipitation proee for Artemisiae Annuae Herba (AAH) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) in Reduning Injection (RI) to realize the on-line monitoring of production process. Methods: Based on the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), partial least regression (PLS) models were developed to fast measure the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the concentration of the alcohol precipitation proee for AAH and LF. Results: In the quantitative models of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the coefficient of determination (R2) of cross validation sets were 0.954 5, 0.975 2, and 0.969 1; The root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.213, 0.676, and 0.225; The root mean square errors of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.233, 0.692, and 0.258. When the established models were applied to on-line monitoring, the coefficient of determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid were 0.984 2, 0.983 7, and 0.987 0, the residual predictive deviation (RPD) were 4.77, 5.29, and 4.37; The relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) were 3.519%, 3.778%, and 3.895%. Conclusion: The models above are proved to fast measure the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the concentration of alcohol precipitation proee for AAH and LF in RI.

Study on the Anti-influenza A Virus H1N1 Effect of Aqueous Extraction of Lonicerae Flos in vitro / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of aqueous extraction of Lonicerae Flos (SYHW) on anti-influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1 virus) in vitro. METHODS:Using Madin-Darby canine kid ney (MDCK) cells cultured in vitro by H1N1 virus, half of the tissue culture infection dose(TCID50)was calculated. Culturing MDCK cells for 24 h with different mass concentrations of SYHW,the maximum non-toxic concentration was investigated. And then test was divided into normal cell group,virus control group,SYHW preventive administration group,therapeutic administration group and direct killing group (given SYHW of maxi-mum non-toxic concentration,infecting cells by 100 TCID50 H1N1 virus),and antiviral effective rate (ER) of SYHW was deter-mined. Test was divided into normal cell group,virus control group,SYHW therapeutic group and direct killing group (the same administration and infection as above),changes of cell proliferation index (PI) and cell apoptosis rate were respectively deter-mined. RESULTS:100 TCID50 of H1N1 virus was 1.26×10-7,and the maximum non-toxic concentration of SYHW on MDCK cells was 50 μg/mL(cell survival rate was 91.3%). ERs of preventive administration group,therapeutic administration group and direct killing group were 0,80.3% and 52.7%,respectively. Compared with normal cell group,PI value in virus control group was sig-nificantly reduced (P<0.05),early and late apoptotic rates were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with virus control group,PI value in directly killing group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and early apoptotic rate was significantly reduced (P<0.05);early apoptotic rates in therapeutic administration group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:SY-HW shows anti-H1N1 virus effect in vitro,therapeutic administration and directly killing are preferred in antiviral effect.

Simultaneous Determination of 5 Saponins in Lonicerae Flos by QAMS Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 5 saponins in Lonicerae Flos. METHODS:Using macranthoidin B as a reference,HPLC method was adopted to calculate the relative correction factor(RCF)of it to macran-thoidin A,dipsacoside B,macranthoside A and macranthoside B. The contents of above 4 saponins were calculated through RCF. Using the contents of saponins determined by external standard method as measured value,the calculated value was compared with measured value. RESULTS:The linear ranges of macranthoidin A,macranthoidin B,dipsacoside B,macranthoside A and macran-thoside B were 0.316-6.32 μg(r=0.9973),0.453-9.06 μg(r=0.9982),0.231-4.62 μg(r=0.9996),0.342-6.84 μg(r=0.9984) and 0.147-2.94 μg(r=0.9961),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 97.74%-104.51%(RSD=2.37%,n=6)、96.70%-103.20%(RSD=2.37%,n=6)、96.12%-103.61%(RSD=2.45%, n=6)、98.80%-104.70%(RSD=2.32%,n=6)、99.21%-102.92%(RSD=1.39%,n=6),respectively. There was no statistical sig-nificance between calculated value and measured value(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and re-producible. It can be used for the determination of saponins in Lonicerae Flos.

Simultaneous determination of ten bioactive constituents in Lonicerae Flos by HPLC-MS-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six iridoids and four flavonoids in batches of Lonicerae Flos samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shiseido Capcell Pak-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). 0.1% Aqueous formic and acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) were adopted as mobile phase. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode using an electrospray source. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed. The developed method showed good linearity (R² ≥0.999 0) for all the analytes within the test ranges and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 7.4 to 31.0 μg•L⁻¹. The recoveries varied between 94.16% and 105.3%. The quantitative data indicated that the total content of iridoids (0.338%-1.440%) was much higher than that of flavonoids (0.015 4%-0.057 5%) in all samples. Moreover, it was found that there were significant differences in the content of six compounds among the samples from three different original plants, which might provide scientific evidences for the origin identification and quality control of Lonicerae Flos.

Research progress on chemical constituents and their differences between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中药杂志

The dried flower buds or initial flowers of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, which belong to different species of Lonicera or Caprifoliaceae, are usually taken to clear away heat and toxic material and treat the exopathogenic wind-heat. They are two different herbs, and due to various reasons, there are far more controversies. This paper reviews the research on the chemical constituents and their differences between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. Both of them contain the similar chemical constituents, such as organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoidal saponins, iridoids, volatile oils and trace elements. But there are also differences between them. The main differences：Lonicerae Japonicae Flos contains a wealth of iridoids and flavonoids, while Lonicerae Flos contains more kinds of triterpenoidal saponins; the content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Flos is significantly higher than that of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; the content of rutin, luteoloside,luteolin-7-O-β-D-galactoside and lonicerin in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is much higher than that of Lonicerae Flos; the content of Fe and Ni in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is higher, while the content of Mn is higher in Lonicerae Flos. Finally, main problems and suggestions on chemical composition between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were also discussed.

Effects of Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet in compatibility on in vivo pharmacokinetics of berberine in rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the effects of Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet (JQJT) in compatibility on the pharmacokinetics of berberine hydrochloride (BH) in rats. Methods: Male SD rats were ig administered with JQJT (0.42 g/kg, equivalently 5 mg/kg BH), BH (5 mg/kg) + chlorogenic acid (CA, 3 mg/kg), and BH (5 mg/kg), respectively. The plasma concentration at indicated time points were determined by LC-MS/MS method after the drug administrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters of BH were calculated with DAS 3.0 software using non-compartmental model. Results: After the drug administration, no significant change was found for the MRT0~∞, tmax, and t1/2 values of BH, whereas the AUC0~∞ and Cmax values of BH were in the order of BH group >JQJT group > BH + CA group, and the CLz and Vz values of BH were in the order of BH + CA group > JQJT group ≈ BH group. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic results indicate that the co-administration of BH + CA decreases the absorpation, while increases the plasma clearance and distribution of BH in rats. Additionally, the results also suggest that the compatibility of astragalus root or honeysuckle with Coptidis Rhizoma is likely to produce the opposite effect on the plasma elimination and distribution of BH in vivo in rats.

Regulation of honeysuckle HQT gene to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plant cells of Lonicerae Flos / 中草药

Objective: To clarify how the HQT gene regulates and controls the chlorogenic acid in eukaryotic cells of Lonicerae Flos by establishment of HQT gene eukaryotic expression system, construction and optimization of genetically modified tissue culture system. Methods: Using gateway cloning system to build HQT gene eukaryotic expression system, we genetically created engineered bacteria containing honeysuckle gene function HQT by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The successful transfection explants of callus induction were established and the HQT gene relative transcript level was amplified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR; The HPLC was used to determine the sample's content of chlorogenic acid, then the correlation between HQT gene polymorphism and content of chlorogenic acid was analyzed. Results: The content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Flos callus quantity rises as its HQT gene expression. Conclusion: Honeysuckle HQT gene could regulate chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells.

Determination of Lonicerae Flos in Compound Yuxingcao Tablets / 中国药师

To study the quality of Lonicerae iaponicae flos in compound Yuxingcao tablets. Methods: HPLC-ELSD and LC-MS/MS were used to determine Lonicerae flos using macranthoidin A, macranthoside B and dipsacoside B as the control. Re-sults:HPLC-ELSD was suitable for the detection of Lonicerae flos in compound Yuxingcao tablets. LC-MS/MS was used to verify the results, which could identify the certified or counterfeit Lonicerae iaponicae flos in the samples. Conclusion:The two methods can be used to control the quality of Lonicerae iaponicae flos in compound Yuxingcao tablets.

Optimization on alcohol precipitation process for Lonicerae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba in Reduning Injection by central composite design and response surface methodology / 中草药

To optimize the alcohol precipitation process for Lonicerae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba (LA) in Reduning Injection and obtain the relationship equation of the key process parameters and quality attributes, which could provided a theoretical basis of the control automization in the alcohol precipitation process. With the transfer rates of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, caffeic acid, secoxyloganin and solid content in precipitation liquid as evaluation indexes, the effect of the seven factors, such as relative density and the temperature of LA in liquid phase before alcohol precipitation, alcohol concentration in the end of alcohol precipitation, stirring speed in alcohol precipitation, adding alcohol speed, standing temperature, and standing time, on the alcohol precipitation process was investigated by the single factor experiment. By analysis of variance, the key factors that could influence the alcohol precipitation process were determined. Then the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The optimum preparation conditions of the alcohol precipitation process of LA were as follows: stirring speed was 550 r/min, adding alcohol speed was 4.0 mL/s, standing temperature was 30℃, standing time was 24 h, alcohol concentration was 75%, the relative density of LA was 1.10, and the temperature of LA was 25℃. Under these conditions, the transfer rates of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and secoxyloganin were 94.8%, 97.6%, 97.4%, 97.2%, and 96.1%, and the solid content was 4.2%. The alcohol precipitation process of LA have been optimized by the response surface method, which could help to enhance the stability of the process.