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Background: Liver is the most important organ performing more than 500 functions in the body. In addition, the human cell has a natural antioxidants system which maintains the production of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the metabolic process of the cell. Objective: This particular research study is basically conducted for the purpose to assess the impact of low-intensity exercise on liver enzymes and antioxidants systems of the body. Methods and materials: Total 40 subjects (20 from low-intensity exercise as an experimental group and 20 subjects as a control group) were included as the participants of the study. For assessment of liver functions and redox state of the body, 5 ml blood was collected from all subjects. Liver functions tests (LFTs) were performed for the assessment of liver enzymes and ferric reducing assay protocols (FRAP) was performed for the assessment of the redox state of the body. The data obtained about liver functions and redox state were processed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and thus different statistical tools i.e. mean, standard deviation and T-score were used for the analysis of data. Results: Data analysis reveals that; no significant effect was found on liver enzymes as well as on antioxidants system of the body. Conclusion: On the basis of findings the researcher concluded that low-intensity exercise has no significant effects on liver enzymes. In addition, it was also concluded that low-intensity exercise helps in the improvement of blood life quality by reducing various health problems related to oxidative damages of cells and muscles fatigue.
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Objective:To observe the lipid oxidation rates in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with different exercise intensities.Method:Thirty sedentary patients with SCI were selected to perform incremental exercise load tests (baseline test and Fatmax test) with upper limb power vehicle.Meanwhile,both tests included respiratory gas analysis.In baseline tests,the workload was started at 5W and increased by 10W every 3 min,with 60 rmp until patients exhausted.The Fatmax test included 5 stages of workload and every stage kept 6 min.The initial workload was 5W,the fifth workload was corresponded to the load when respiratory quotient was 1 in the baseline test,the other workload was set according to the average of the initial and fifth workload.All lipid oxidation rates were measured by oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in the tests.Result:With the increase of exercise intensity,lipid oxidation rates in SCI patients increased at first and then decreased.The peak of lipid oxidation rates (5.46±0.75 μmol/kg/min) arrived at the intensities of 34.9％±2.3％ VO2 peak.After that the lipid oxidation rates decreased significantly as 3.92±0.69,2.85±0.61,0.58±0.19 μmol/kg/min at 41.83±2.18,52.29±1.73 and 61.32±1.98％ VO.2 peak accordingly(P＜0.05).Conclusion:During the rehabilitation of SCI patients,we should pay attention to the intervention from low intensity exercise to maximize lipid oxidation rates,reducing the incidence of obesity in SCI patients.
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<b>Background:</b> Exercise training induces various adaptations in skeletal muscles. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. <b>Purpose:</b> Therefore, we conducted 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis, which has not yet been used for elucidating adaptations of skeletal muscle after low-intensity exercise training (LIT). <b>Methods:</b> For five days, rats performed LIT, which consisted of two 3-h swimming exercise with45-m rest between the exercise bouts. 2D-DIGE analysis was conducted on epitrochlearis muscles excised eighteen hours after the final training exercise. <b>Results:</b> Proteomic profiling revealed that, out of 681 detected and matched spots, 22 proteins exhibited changed expression by LIT compared with sedentary rats. All proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. <b>Conclusion:</b> The proteomic 2D-DIGE analysis following LIT identified expressions of skeletal muscle proteins, includingATPsynα, UQCRC1, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, that were not previously reported to change their expressions after exercise-training.
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This study aimed to determine the changes in the Gluteus medius of 4 year-old Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horses submitted to light physical activity for 10 months. The study involved 11 horses from the "Nove de Julho" Battalion of the Military Police of São Paulo State (PM-SP). Percutaneous muscle biopsy was performed in horses at maintenance and in those that had participated in routine police work for 10 months with the PM-SP. Fragments of the left Gluteus medius muscle was removed at depths of 20mm and 60mm. To determine the fiber types, the histochemical analyses were performed for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR). The morphometry of the fibers was performed by calculating the cross sectional area (CSA), relative frequency distribution (F) and relative cross-sectional area (RCSA). After the period of physical activity, type IIA fibers showed an increase in F and RCSA at both depths. The type I fibers showed a decrease in F at a depth of 60mm and the type IIX fibers showed no change in F at the two depths. With regard to the results for RCSA, type I and IIX fibers also did not show alterations after 10 months of light physical activity. Low intensity physical activity produced significant adaptations in the Gluteus medius muscle of horses of the BH breed, including changes in metabolic and contractile properties as evidenced by the increase in the area occupied by type IIA fibers at both depths of the biopsy.
Este estudo objetivou determinar as adaptações do músculo Gluteus medius de cavalos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), que participaram de atividades físicas leves por 10 meses. Foram utilizados 11 eqüinos, machos, da raça BH e com idade de 4 anos, provenientes do "Batalhão Nove de Julho" da Polícia Militar do Estado de São (PM-SP). Realizou-se a biópsia muscular percutânea nos animais inativos e, após participarem das atividades de ronda e policiamento desenvolvido pela PM-SP por 10 meses, foram retirados fragmentos do músculo Gluteus medius nas profundidades de 20mm e 60mm. Para a determinação dos tipos de fibra muscular, foram feitas análises histoquímicas por meio das técnicas de adenosina trifosfatase miofibrilar (mATPase) e nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo tetrazólio redutase (NADH-TR). Na análise morfométrica das fibras, calculou-se a área de secção transversal (AST), a freqüência média (F) e a área de secção transversal relativa (ASTR). Após o período de atividade física, as fibras tipo IIA apresentaram aumento da F e da ASTR nas duas profundidades. As fibras tipo I apresentaram diminuição da F na profundidade de 60mm e as fibras tipo IIX não sofreram alteração da F nas duas profundidades. A ASTR das fibras tipo I e IIX não apresentaram alteração após os 10 meses. A atividade física de baixa intensidade produziu adaptações significativas no músculo Gluteus medius de cavalos da raça BH, incluindo mudança nas propriedades metabólicas e contráteis evidenciadas pelo aumento da área ocupada pelas fibras tipo IIA, nas duas profundidades de biópsia.
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From the viewpoint of atherosclerosis prevention, it is important to examine the effects of exercise on the lipoprotein fraction in the postprandial state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single period of low-intensity exercise on serum lipoprotein triacylglycerol (TG) after an oral fat load (50g/body surface area) as exogenous TG. Seven normolipidemic men aged 23.1±1.1 years (mean ± SEM) took part in two trials. The subjects were all young students at a university graduate school. In the exercise trial (Ex), they exercised for 1.5 h on a bicycle ergometer at 35-40% of their maximal oxygen uptake, starting 2 h after ingestion of the fat, and then rested for a further 2 h. In the control trial (Co), they rested for 5.5 h after ingestion of the fat. Lipoprotein and lipid levels were measured in venous blood taken during the fasted state and at different intervals between the two trials for 5.5 h after the fat load. Serum total TG and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) TG decreased significantly in Ex from 3.5 to 5.5h (p<0.05, p<0.01) in comparison with Co. These results indicate that a single period of low-intensity exercise reduces exogenous serum total TG and HDL-TG.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exercise training for cardiac rehabilitation. 69 patients with coronary artery disease were assigned to a low intensity exercise training program, which lasted for 3 months. The target heart rate for the exercise program was set at 50-60% of maximal heart rate. For comparison, the study patients were divided into 2 groups. 25 patients who had undergone CABG were assigned to group A and 42 patients who had not undergone CABG were assigned to group B. A symptom-limited treadmill exercise test was performed before and after the exercise training program in each patient. Oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>), SBP, HR and PRP were measured at rest, submaximal workload and workload at the end point during the treadmill exercise test.<BR>In addition, FAT, LVI and PCI were calculated. The parameters measured before and after exercise training were compared in order to assess the effects of the exercise training program. Our findings showed that exercise training was effective for improving exercise tolerance and submaximal exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease, particularly those who had undergone CABG.