Reassessment and Relationships of Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis (Teleostei, Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Neocomian of Recôncavo Basin, Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Clupeomorphs are found in many assemblages of the northeastern Brazil, whose ages range from the Neocomian to Paleogene. Ten species were described. Among them †Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis, a torpedo-like fish found in shales of the Marfim Formation from Bahia, remains poorly known. At first it was positioned within †Scutatuspinosinae and indicated as closely related to †Diplomystus. Diagnoses for the subfamily and genus were based on certain characters masking relationships. Recently it was placed in †Ellimmichthyiformes, but its systematic position remains controversial. We furnish additional data and restorations together with a parsimony analysis with TNT program, using 60 unordered and unweighted characters from selected species of 13 genera. Our analysis produced 12 trees with 158 steps, a consistency index (CI) of 0.44 and retention index (RI) of 0.52. Low support indices still indicate insufficient data for many taxa and uncertain status for clades. According to the majority rule consensus, †Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis is placed within a "†paraclupeine" group with †Ezkutuberezi carmenae, †Ellimma branneri, †Ellimmichthys longicostatus, and †Paraclupea chetunguensis. Its minimum age and position among †paraclupeids indicate an early history of the group older than it was thought to be, supporting a biogeographical hypothesis based on generalized track from China to northeastern Brazil during the Lower Cretaceous.

Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from Tepexi de Rodriguez, Puebla, Mexico / Asteroidea (Echinodermata) del Cretácico inferior (Albaniano) de Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, México

Abstract Seven asteroids are described from the Tlayua quarries (18° 35´ N - 97° 56´ W), recovered from the Middle Member of the Tlayua Formation. Tlayua quarries are 94 km southeast of Puebla and 2 km northeast of the town of Tepexi de Rodriguez in the Eastern part of central Mexico. The Middle Member is fossiliferous and composed mainly of a micritic lithographic limestone with layers having packs that consist of as much as 30 % hematite. The fossils are confined to these iron rich layers. These Middle Member are about 28 m thick. Due to the abundance, variety and conservation of its paleobiota, the Tlayua quarry is one of the most important fossiliferous localities from North America's Cretaceous. About 5 000 samples of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils have been collected from this locality and have been studied. The seven specimens belong to the Cretaceous strata and are believed to be of Lower Cretaceous (Albian) age. The asteroids described are referred to the genus Astropecten, Plutonaster, Tamaria and Echinaster. This is the first report of Cretaceous asteroids for Mexico. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 7-15. Epub 2015 June 01.

Resumen Siete asteroideos son descritos de las canteras de Tlayua (18° 35´N - 97° 56´ W), recuperados del miembro medio de la formación Tlayua. Las canteras de Tlayua se encuentran a 94 km al sureste de Puebla, y a 2 km de noreste del pueblo de Tepexi de Rodriguez en la parte este del centro de México. El miembro medio es fosilífero y está compuesto principalmente de basamentos micríticos litográficos con capas con grupos que consisten de la menos 30 % de hematita. Los fósiles están confinados a estas ricas capas en hierro. Estos miembros medios poseen un espesor de aproximadamente 28 m. Debido a la abundancia, variedad y conservación de su paleobiota, la cantera de Tlayua es una de las localidades fosilíferas más importantes del Cretácico de Norte América. Cerca de 5 000 muestras de fósiles de invertebrados y vertebrados han sido colectadas y estudiadas de esta localidad. Las siete especies pertenecen al estrato del Cretácico y se cree que pertenecen a la edad del Cretácico inferior (Albaniano). Los asteroideos descritos se refieren a los géneros Astropecten, Plutonaster, Tamaria y Echinaster. Este es el primer registro de asteroideos del Cretácico para México.

A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China

A nearly complete skull of a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur, Pterofiltus qiui gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Liaoning, China, is described here. The specimen (IVPP V12339), was collected from the shale of the lower Yixian Formation (125 Ma) at the Zhangjiagou locality. It has the following combination of characters: about 112 teeth in total (including the upper and lower jaws); the dentition occupies more than 50 percent of the skull length; the anterior teeth vary in size; the mandibular symphysis is longer than half of the whole mandible length; in ventral view, an apparent symphyseal trough in the median part of the symphysis.

Um crânio quase completo de um novo pterossauro ctenochasmatídeo, Pterofiltus qiui gen. et sp. nov., de depósitos do Cretáceo Inferior de Liaoning, China é descrito. O exemplar (IVPP V12339) foi coletado de um argilito da parte inferior da Formação Yixian (125 Ma) na localidade Zhangjiagou. A nova espécie possui a seguinte combinação de caracteres: aproximadamente 112 dentes (incluindo ambas as arcadas); dentição ocupando mais de 50 por cento do comprimento do crânio; dentes anteriores de tamanho variado; sínfise mandibular ocupando mais da metade do comprimento da mandíbula; abertura ventral na parte média da sínfise mandibular.