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M-mode echocardiography is a non- invasive tool for the quantitative study of heart. Rajapalayam is a guard dog and Chippiparai is a sight hound breed which both originated from the southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Diagnosis of cardiac diseases in our indigenous breeds has been challenging due to less or no work done regarding cardiac anatomy and physiology in native breeds. Hence, this study was undertaken to establish basic reference data in these indigenous dog breeds which will help in diagnosing cardiac diseases. Various normal cardiac parameters were documented between young and adult age groups. The results indicated that a high significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in LVDd and LVDs and only a significant difference (P<0.05) in AO and RVD values between the age groups in Rajapalayam dogs,whereas, in Chippparai dogs, a significant difference was observed in CO (P<0.05) and in LVPWs, IVSd, IVSd (P<0.0) between the young and adult age groups
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Objective@#To assess the longitudinal mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) of different directions in normal fetuses during mid-late pregnancy based on two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (STI).@*Methods@#Seventy-six normal fetuses during middle and late pregnancy were selected at 26-32 weeks of gestation. The peak MAPSE was measured by free angle M-mode echocardiography (FAM) perpendicular to the lateral annulus in the mitral annular plane. The time-displacement curves of interventricular septal mitral annulus in three different directions including points A, B and C through transverse level of apex were recorded by STI. The peak MAPSE of interventricular septal mitral annulus (SEPT-MAPSE-A, SEPT-MAPSE-B, SEPT-MAPSE-C) in three different directions including points A, B and C and the time to peak (TTP: SEPT-TTP-A, SEPT-TTP-B, SEPT-TTP-C) were recorded respectively. The time-displacement curves of lateral mitral annulus in three different directions including points A, B and C through transverse level of apex were recorded by STI. The peak MAPSE of lateral mitral annulus (LAT-MAPSE-A, LAT-MAPSE-B, LAT-MAPSE-C) in three different directions including points A, B and C, the time to peak(LAT-TTP-A, LAT-TTP-B, LAT-TTP-C) were recorded respectively. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically.@*Results@#The peak MAPSE of the lateral mitral annulus in 3 different directions including points A, B and C[LAT-MAPSE-A (3.62±1.01)mm, LAT-MAPSE-B (3.95±1.04)mm, LAT-MAPSE-C (4.45±1.05)mm] were greater than those of the interventricular septum mitral annulus[SEPT-MAPSE-A (3.41±0.63)mm, SEPT-MAPSE-B (3.07±0.50)mm, SEPT-MAPSE-C (2.82±0.51)mm]. LAT-MAPSE-C and SEPT-MAPSE-A were the largest longitudinal excursions of mitral annulus. The differences were statistically significant in points B and C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in point A (P>0.05). LAT-MAPSE-C was less than FAM-MAPSE[(6.06±1.35)mm]. There was a significant difference between them(P<0.05). Strong correlation was found between them(r=0.896, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the time to peak of interventricular septal mitral annulus [SEPT-TTP-A (0.210±0.008)s, SEPT-TTP-B (0.213±0.008)s, SEPT-TTP-C (0.210±0.005)s] in directions including points A, B, C(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in time to peak of lateral mitral annulus[LAT-TTP-A(0.210±0.008)s, LAT-TTP-B(0.213±0.006)s, LAT-TTP-C(0.210±0.007)s] in directions inclucling points A, B, C(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Longitudinal systolic motion of fetal left ventricular wall during mid-late pregnancy has good synchronization. Longitudinal motion of fetal mitral annulus is a comprehensive movement of multiple directions and different degrees of displacement, with the movement perpendicular to the annulus as the maximum displacement direction. The displacement parameters of mitral annulus measured by STI can reflect the left ventricular longitudinal systolic function and have clinical application value in evaluating the left ventricular longitudinal systolic function of fetuses.
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Objective To assess the longitudinal mitral annular plane systolic excursion ( M APSE) of different directions in normal fetuses during mid‐late pregnancy based on two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging ( ST I) . Methods Seventy‐six normal fetuses during middle and late pregnancy were selected at 26－32 weeks of gestation . T he peak M APSE was measured by free angle M‐mode echocardiography ( FAM ) perpendicular to the lateral annulus in the mitral annular plane . The time‐displacement curves of interventricular septal mitral annulus in three different directions including points A ,B and C through transverse level of apex were recorded by STI . T he peak M APSE of interventricular septal mitral annulus ( SEPT‐M APSE‐A ,SEPT‐M APSE‐B ,SEPT‐M APSE‐C) in three different directions including points A ,B and C and the time to peak ( T T P :SEPT‐T T P‐A ,SEPT‐T T P‐B ,SEPT‐T T P‐C) were recorded respectively . T he time‐displacement curves of lateral mitral annulus in three different directions including points A ,B and C through transverse level of apex were recorded by STI . T he peak M APSE of lateral mitral annulus ( LAT‐M APSE‐A ,LAT‐MAPSE‐B ,LAT‐MAPSE‐C) in three different directions including points A ,B and C ,the time to peak( LA T‐T T P‐A ,LA T‐T T P‐B ,LA T‐T T P‐C) were recorded respectively . Finally ,the data were analyzed statistically . Results T he peak M APSE of the lateral mitral annulus in 3 different directions including points A ,B and C[ LA T‐M APSE‐A ( 3 .62 ± 1 .01) mm ,LA T‐M APSE‐B ( 3 .95 ± 1 .04) mm ,LAT‐M APSE‐C ( 4 .45 ± 1 .05) mm ] were greater than those of the interventricular septum mitral annulus[ SEPT‐MAPSE‐A (3 .41 ± 0 .63)mm ,SEPT‐MAPSE‐B (3 .07 ± 0 .50) mm ,SEPT‐MAPSE‐C (2 .82 ± 0 .51) mm] . LAT‐M APSE‐C and SEPT‐M APSE‐A were the largest longitudinal excursions of mitral annulus . T he differences were statistically significant in points B and C ( P ＜0 .05) . T here was no significant difference in point A ( P ＞0 .05) . LA T‐M APSE‐C was less than FAM‐M APSE [ ( 6 .06 ± 1 .35 ) mm ] . T here was a significant difference between them ( P ＜0 .05 ) . Strong correlation was found between them ( r ＝0 .896 , P＜0 .05) . T here were no significant differences in the time to peak of interventricular septal mitral annulus [ SEPT‐T T P‐A ( 0 .210 ± 0 .008 ) s ,SEPT‐T T P‐B ( 0 .213 ± 0 .008 ) s ,SEPT‐T T P‐C ( 0 .210 ± 0 .005 ) s] in directions including points A ,B ,C ( P＞ 0 .05 ) . T here were no significant differences in time to peak of lateral mitral annulus [ LAT‐T T P‐A ( 0 .210 ± 0 .008 ) s , LAT‐T T P‐B ( 0 .213 ± 0 .006 ) s , LAT‐T T P‐C ( 0 .210 ± 0 .007) s] in directions inclucling points A ,B ,C ( P ＞0 .05) . Conclusions Longitudinal systolic motion of fetal left ventricular wall during mid‐late pregnancy has good synchronization . Longitudinal motion of fetal mitral annulus is a comprehensive movement of multiple directions and different degrees of displacement ,with the movement perpendicular to the annulus as the maximum displacement direction . T he displacement parameters of mitral annulus measured by ST I can reflect the left ventricular longitudinal systolic function and have clinical application value in evaluating the left ventricular longitudinal systolic function of fetuses .
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Objective To evaluate the usefulness of free angle M-mode echocardiography (FAM) in obtaining tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) for assessing the fetal right ventricular function,and to compare the results of measurements of TAPSE by conventional M-mode(CM) and FAM.Methods Two hundred and forty-three normal fetuses in second and late trimester were divided into 5 groups by gestational age(GA):20-24 weeks,24+1-28 weeks,28+1-32 weeks,32+1-36 weeks,36+1-40 weeks.The TAPSE were measured by CM and FAM echocardiography,meanwhile multiple parameters for evaluating right ventricular function were obtained by using myocardial tissue Doppler imaging (TDI),and the correlation between TAPSE and other parameters were analyzed by linear correlation.ANOVA was used to compare CM-TAPSE,FAM-TAPSE,Em,Sm and right ventricular fractional shortening(RVFS)with different GA.Regression equation estimate was used to compare the relationship of FAM-TAPSE with GA.Independent sample t test was used to compare CM TAPSE with FAM TAPSE.Results There were significant differences in CM-TAPSE,FAM-TAPSE,Em,and Sm among 5 groups (P =0.000),the measured value of FAM-TAPSE was higher than that of CM TAPSE (P =0.000).Both FAM-TPASE and CM-TAPSE showed significant positive correlations with GA,Em and Sm,but FAM TAPSE demonstrated better correlation than CM-TAPSE.Conclusions By adjusting sample line of FAM,measuring the maximum displacement of tricuspid annular plane is feasible,and FAM may evaluate fetal right ventricular function more accurately and effectively.
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PURPOSE: We accidentally found out the decrease of color M-mode propagation velocity of LV inflow(Vp) in several Atrial septal defect(ASD) infants. The aim of this study was to identify it in more number of patients, and to find out the relationship of it to clinical characteristics and other cardiac function study results. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 16 isolated secundum ASD infants with defect diameter greater than 3 mm(L group), 10 infants with a defect diameter less than 3 mm(S group) and 11 infants with no structural abnormal findings(N group), among infants who visited the Pediatric Department of Soonchunhyang University Hospital and underwent a echocardiographic examination from April 2001 through June 2003. The systolic function tests via parasternal long axis, and other diastolic function tests were done at the same time. RESULTS: The mean ages of these three groups(L group, S group and N group) were 0.35+/-0.34 years, 0.22+/-0.22 years and 0.45+/-0.27 years, respectively. The Vp values were 48.42+/-10.84 cm/sec, 65.26+/-16.25 cm/sec, 65.28+/-13.36 cm/sec in groups, and significant difference between L group and other 2 groups(P=0.001). The only affecting variable to Vp values is defect area. There was significant causal relationship between them(P= 0.000). CONCLUSION: We identified the decrease of Vp in ASD infants, and it was linearly related to defect area size. It may be result of early diastolic ventricular interdependence in ASD.
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Humanos , Lactante , Vértebra Cervical Axis , Ecocardiografía , Defectos del Tabique InteratrialRESUMEN
Objective:To know the value of Anatomic M-mode echocardiography(AMM) in detecting ventricular wall motion in coronary artery disease.Methods: The ventricular wall motion in 31patients with coronary heart disease and 25 normal people(17 normal people undergoing coronary arteriongraphy)was detected by AMM and 2DE.The results were compared with coronary arteriongraph.Results:23 out of 31 patients with coronary heart disease were defined correctly by 2DE.14 normal people among 17people were detected by 2DE.The detecting sensibility of coronary heart disease was 74.19% and the detecting specificity was 82.35%.The thickening(