Metacognitive skills of undergraduate university students: study based on three colombian institutions

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of development of metacognitive skills of undergraduate students in Colombia and to establish whether there are differences by institution of origin, or by gender or by semester. Method: A quantitative study and a non-probabilistic sampling was conducted. A total of 1.199 students from three universities participated, one public and distance modality; and the other two private and face-to-face modality. The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) was used to determine metacognitive skills. Results: At a general level, Colombian university students present a high level of development of their metacognitive skills with an average of 3,86 on a 5-point scale. When analyzing the abilities of the students according to the university of origin, the Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there are significant differences (p<0,05) in favor of the students in the distance modality. The Mann-Whitney U test allowed us to conclude that there are no significant differences by gender, although women have higher means (M = 3,88) than men (M = 3,83). It was possible to establish through the Spearman correlation that there are significant and negative differences in the level of metacognitive skills according to the semester of the students, as their skills decrease as they progress. Conclusions: Although students have a good level of development of their metacognitive skills it is required to strengthen especially evaluation processes. Students trained in virtual distance learning methodology showed a higher degree of development of metacognitive skills than those in face-to-face mode, which could be explained by a greater development of self-regulation as an indicator of maturity for learning.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades metacognitivas de estudiantes de pregrado en Colombia y establecer si existen diferencias por institución de procedencia, o por género o por semestre. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y un muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron 1199 estudiantes de tres universidades, una de carácter público y modalidad distancia; y las otras dos privadas y modalidad presencial. Se utilizó el Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) para determinar las habilidades metacognitivas. Resultados: A nivel general los estudiantes universitarios colombianos presentan un alto nivel de desarrollo de sus habilidades metacognitivas con una media de 3,86 en una escala de 5 puntos. Al analizar las habilidades de los estudiantes según la universidad de procedencia, la prueba de KruskalWallis muestra que existen diferencias significativas (p<0,05) a favor de los alumnos en la modalidad a distancia. La prueba U de Mann-Whitney permitió concluir que no hay diferencias significativas por género, aunque las mujeres tienen medias más altas (M = 3,88) que los hombres (M=3,83). Se pudo establecer a través de la correlación de Spearman que existen diferencias significativas y negativas en el nivel de habilidades metacognitivas según el semestre de los estudiantes, a medida que avanzan sus habilidades disminuyen. Conclusiones: Aunque los estudiantes tienen un buen nivel de desarrollo de sus habilidades metacognitivas se requiere fortalecer especialmente procesos de evaluación. Los estudiantes que se forman en metodología a distancia virtual mostraron un mayor grado de desarrollo de las habilidades metacognitivas que los de modalidad presencial, lo que podría explicarse por un mayor desarrollo de la autonomía como indicador de madurez para el aprendizaje.

(Co)memorar maio de 1968: o imaginário anarquista e a liderança negativa / Commemorating May 1968: the anarchist imagery and negative leadership / (Co)mmémorer mai 1968: limaginaire anarchiste et le leadership négatif / (Con)memorar mayo de 1968: el imaginario anarquista y el liderazgo negativo

Resumo Em 2018, os "acontecimentos de Maio de 1968" co-memoraram cinquenta anos. No Brasil, co-memorávamos os cinco anos de junho de 2013, uma parte do composto do "ciclo de lutas". Esses dois momentos têm em comum, entre outras coisas, o fato de nos fazer pensá-los ainda hoje, pois, apesar de terem findado enquanto ato, eles continuam a existir em termos de afeto e efeito. Eles fazem parte de uma memória coletiva, de uma co-memória, que permite que se participe junto em razão daquilo que deixaram no tempo depois. São significados, sentidos e restos que se manifestam no campo sócio-político e no campo de uma subjetividade coletiva. Neste trabalho, destaco dois elementos similares de tais eventos: o imaginário anarquista que os caracterizou e também a consolidação do que denomino de "liderança negativada". A psicanálise serve como suporte teórico para as considerações, especialmente no que tange à questão do que se repete.

Abstract In 2018, 50 years of the 'events of May 1968' were com-memorated. In Brazil, we com-memorated five years of June 2013, part of the compound 'cycle of struggles'. Both moments incite us to think about them even today. Although they ended as an act, their existence nowadays consists of affection and effect. They are part of collective memory, a co-memory that allows experiences based on what they have produced. In terms of meanings, thoughts and remains that are manifested in the socio-political and 'collective subjectivity' fields. In this paper, I highlight two related elements of such events: the anarchist imaginary and the consolidation of what I call 'negative leadership'. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical support for our considerations, especially regarding repetition.

Résumé En 2018 les « événements de mai 1968 ¼ co-mmémorent 50 ans. Au Brésil, nous co-mmémorons les cinq ans de juin 2013, ce qui fait partie du « cycle de combats ¼. Ces deux moments font toujours encore penser à eux, malgré le temps coulé. Étant fini en tant qu'acte, ils continuent à exister comme affect et effet. Ils font donc partie d'une certaine mémoire collective, d'une co-mmémoire, permettant un partage d'après de ce qui vient après. Ce sont des signifiés, des sens et des restes qui se manifestent dans le champ sociopolitique et dans le champ de la « subjectivité collective ¼. Dans ce travail on cible deux éléments similaires de tels événements : l'imaginaire anarchiste qu'ils évoquent et la consolidation de ce qu'on nomme le « leadership négatif ¼. La psychanalyse sert de support théorique aux réflexions, notamment en ce qui concerne les répétitions.

Resumen En 2018, los "acontecimientos de mayo de 1968" con-memoran cincuenta años. En Brasil, con-memoramos los cinco años del junio de 2013, parte del compuesto "ciclo de luchas". Estos dos momentos tienen en común, entre otras cosas, el hecho de nos hace pensar en ellos hasta hoy, pues, a pesar de haber finalizado mientras acto, permanecen sus efectos y afectos. Forman parte de la memoria colectiva, de una co-memoria, que permite la participación conjunta a consecuencia de lo que nos han dejado. Son significativos, sentidos y restos que se manifiestan en el campo sociopolítico y en el campo de la "subjetividad colectiva". En este trabajo destaco dos elementos semejantes de tales eventos: el imaginario anarquista que los caracterizó y también la consolidación de lo que se denominó "liderazgo negativo". El psicoanálisis sirve como soporte teórico para las consideraciones, específicamente en la cuestión de aquello que se repite.

Clinical study of Xiaoyaosan and Shengmaiyin combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of xerophthalmia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of Xiaoyaosan and Shengmaiyin combined with conventional western medicine for xerophthalmia.Methods A total of 76 xerophthalmia patients who met the criteria were divided into two groups according to random number table,with 38 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine western medicine,while the observation group was treated with Xiaoyaosan combined with Shengmaiyin on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the symptoms were scored,and the tear film stability was evaluated according to the results of fluorescent test (FL),breakup time of tear film (BUT) and schirmer Ⅰ test (SIT).The contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in tear were detected by ELISA,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results The total effective rate was 92.9％ (65/70) in the observation group and 76.4％ (55/72) in the control group,and there was significant difference between the two groups (Z=-2.991,P=0.002).After treatment,the SIT (6.9 ± 0.8 mm vs.4.3 ± 0.5 mm,t=3.751),BUT (10.5 ± 1.6 s vs.6.4 ± 0.8 s,t=4.228) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The FL score (0.9 ± 0.1 vs.1.4 ± 0.2,t=3.208) in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The scores of aningeresting,foreign body sensation,visual fatigue,photophobia and visual blur in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t were 3.559,4.015,4.119,3.983,4.120,all Ps＜0.05).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in tear were significantly lower than those in control group (t were 11.887,8.028,8.112,all Ps＜0.001).Conclusions The Xiaoyaosan combined with Shengmaiyin can improve tear film stability,relieve local ocular surface inflammation and improve clinical symptoms in patients with xerophthalmia.

Discussion on "Mai Dong (bing) Fa" (pathogenesis of meridian disorders) in book Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) / 针刺研究

The "Mai Dong (bing) Fa" (pathogenesis of channel or meridian disorders) was proposed in the concept by Huangfu MI (from the Jin Dynasty), and was classified and elaborated according to the characteristics and comprehensive analysis of symptoms and signs collected by inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and pulse taking and palpation in his book Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). In-depth exploration on the academic origin of "pathogenesis of meridian disorders" may help us understand the connotation of meridian problems once again. Firstly, when the meridian falls in disorder, resulting in abnormal functional changes and then a series of symptoms and signs arose. Secondly, generally, not just one meridian falls in disorders, but more meridians are simultaneously involved, which needs to be differentiated through comprehensive analysis of the four diagnostic methods and meridian identification. Thirdly, based on the diagnosis of the disorders of the related meridians, appropriate acupoints are selected. Correct understanding about the "pathogenesis of meridian disorders" is definitely helpful to our observation and summarization of modern clinical diseases and theoretical sublimation, and also favorable to guide our clinical practice and clarification of meridian-collateral's implications.

Regularities of application of acupoints to relieving clinical indications of Sanguan (cun, guan and chi, three places at the wrist where the pulse is usually taken) in classical book Mai Jing (Pulse Classic) / 针刺研究

According to indications of Sanguan (cun, guan and chi, three places at the wrist where the pulse is usually taken) described in book Mai Jing (Pulse Classic), the selection of acupoints is based on the location of problems and pulse conditions. WANG Shu-he (201-280, a well-known physician of the Wei and Jin dynasties) chose the operation method and stimulating intensity according to the nature of clinical disorders, that is, performing acupuncture or moxibusion in accordance with pulse conditions, or performing reinforcing or reducing needling manipulations based on pulse conditions. Clinical indications of Sanguan described in Mai Jing originate from Suwen: Sanbu Jiuhou Lun (Plain Questions: Discussion on Three Portions and Nine Pulse-takings) and are also influenced by Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases) and Jingui Yao Lue (Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber). It inherits ZHANG Zhong-jing's clinical thinking of "pulse-syndrome-treatment" and supplements the content of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, and also influenced the contents of indications of acupoints in book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) and Qian Jin Yao Fang (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold). For this reason, it is necessary to unscramble the Mai Jing from clinical perspective of acupuncture and moxibustion, and to explore the thinking and practice mode of clinical diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions by acupuncture and moxibustion.

Effect of Acupuncture-moxibustion plus Zhi Ge Tong Mai Granules on TCM Syndrome Score, Hcy and Nerve Conduction in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture-moxibustion plus Zhi Ge Tong Mai granules on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, level of homocysteine (Hcy) and nerve conduction in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Method Ninety DPN patients were enrolled and randomized into a control group and an observation group. The control group only received Zhi Ge Tong Mai granules, and the observation group was intervened by acupuncture-moxibustion plus Zhi Ge Tong Mai granules. The clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome score, and levels of Hcy, nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve conduction function were observed for the two groups. Result The observation group had a higher total effective rate than the control group (P<0.05); the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group after treatment (P<0.05); the levels of Hcy and VEGF in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the levels of NGF and IGF-1 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the motor and sensory conduction velocities of both left and right tibial nerves in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion plus Zhi Ge Tong Mai granules can boost the clinical efficacy, and improve the TCM syndrome score, and the levels of factors such as Hcy and VEGF in patients with DPN.It can produce better efficacy than Zhi Ge Tong Mai granules alone.

Factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessment of Korean elderly people / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors affecting the assessment of objective and subjective masticatory ability in the elderly, and to evaluate masticatory ability assessment more accurately. METHODS: A total of 112 participants were recruited after oral examination in senior citizen welfare facilities. The participants' masticatory ability was evaluated objectively (Mixing ability index; MAI), and subjectively (Key food intake ability; KFIA). Participants' general characteristics and oral health-related variables were also recorded. Based on masticatory ability assessment, participants were classified as either high or low. IBM SPSS Statistics Ver.23.0 was used for all analyses, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation, and Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Higher masticatory ability was positively correlated with higher scores on MAI and KFIA. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between MAI and KFIA. When analyzing factors affecting objective and subjective masticatory ability assessments, Functional tooth units (FTUs) were revealed as a related factor. In subjective masticatory ability assessment, oral moisture, difficulty in chewing, and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were also influential factors. CONCLUSIONS: In order to accurately assess masticatory ability, it is necessary to use both objective and subjective measures. Additionally, to improve the masticatory ability in the elderly, treatment should be provided to improve overall oral health and satisfaction.

Clinical and Experimental Study on Prevention and Treatment of Depression by Using Gan Mai Dazao De-coction / 中国药师

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by emotional and depressive symptoms. At present, western medicine treatment time is longer, having certain side effects, the treatment is incomplete and easy to recur, and not suitable for preg-nant women and the elderly and other special populations. The Chinese ancient"hysteria" Gan Mai Datzao decoction was used for the modern treatment of depression and achieved better effect. This article attempts from the clinical application and pharmacological stud-ies, for the past ten years of Gan Mai Dazao decoction decoction to prevent depression in the systematic review and analysis, the rea-sonable use of clinical thought to provide reference.

Protective effect of Shen Mai injection in the treatment of lung injury induced by radiotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Shen Mai injection in the treatment of lung injury induced by radiotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods 80 cases with lung injury induced by radiotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer from our hospital from 2015.1 to 2016.5 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 cases in control group were given routine treatment, 40 cases in the experimental group were treated based on the control group treated with Shenmai injection treatment, and 2 groups were treated for 4 weeks. The pulmonary function, T lymphocyte subsets, clinical symptoms, quality of life scores and clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment in two groups. The results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 19.0. Results Compared with before treatment, levels of FVC, FEV1 and TLC in 2 groups after treatment elevated, scores of respiratory symptoms, activities, and daily life effect decreased, levels of serum CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+elevated, levels of CD8+ decreased, and compared with the control group, levels of FVC, FEV1, TLC, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group were higher, scores of respiratory symptoms, activities, and daily life effect were lower, clinical effect rate was higher, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Shen Mai injection can effectively improve lung function and immunity, improve respiratory symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with advanced breast cancer radiotherapy for lung injury, and has better clinical efficacy.

Clinical study of electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection combined with conventional western therapy as treatments for the sudden deafness / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection combined with conventional western therapy as treatments for the sudden deafness.Methods A total of 186 patients with sudden deafness were randomly divided into two groups. Each group included 93 patients. The control group was treated with the pipe-expanding and anti-inflammatory, but the treatment group was treated with electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection based on the control group. Both groups were treated for 11 days.Before and after treatments, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was detected. The MADSEN was used to detect ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), including N1-Pl amplitude, N 1-Pl incubation period, N1-Pl wave duration and extraction rate of oVEMP.Results The recovery rate of control group was 63.4% (59/93) and total effective rate was 90.3% (84/93), which was 88.6% (75/93) and 97.8% (91/93) in combined treatment group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=5.923,P<0.05). After 11 days of treatment, the Tinnitus (17.2%vs. 30.1%,χ2=7.152), vertigo and survival rate (15.1%vs. 21.5%, χ2=6.023) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The threshold (39.59 ± 5.36 dBHLvs. 45.85 ± 5.08 dBHL,t=2.903) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.034). The N1 amplitude (10.62 ± 0.84μVvs. 7.14 ± 0.59μV;t=3.259,P=0.017), P1 amplitude (11.79 ± 0.91μVvs. 9.90 ± 0.82μV;t=2.871,P=0.037), extraction rate of oVEMP (95.7%vs. 81.7%;χ2=7.963,P=0.012) in combined treatment group showed significantly higher than those in the control group. The N1 incubation period (7.86 ± 0.82 msvs. 9.78 ± 1.24 ms;t=3.729,P=0.009) and Pl incubation period (6.57 ± 0.77 msvs. 9.39 ± 1.15 ms;t=3.064,P=0.025) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions The Electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection combined with conventional western therapy could improve blood circulation produce a synergistic therapeutic effect on damaged tissue, improve cochlear hair cells and vestibular nerve regeneration, and repaire the functions.

Molecular Phylogenetics of Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Originated from Freshwater Fish from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the morphology and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Centrocestus formosanus originating from 5 species of freshwater fish, i.e., Esomus metallicus, Puntius brevis, Anabas testudineus, Parambassis siamensis, and Carassius auratus, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) were performed. The results showed similar morphologies of adult C. formosanus from day 5 after infection in chicks. C. formosanus originated from 4 species of freshwater fish had the same number of circumoral spines on the oral sucker, except for those from C. auratus which revealed 34 circumoral spines. The phylogenetic tree obtained from SRAP profile and the combination of ITS2 and CO1 sequence showed similar results that were correlated with the number of circumoral spines in adult worms. Genetic variability of C. formosanus also occurred in different species of freshwater fish hosts. However, more details of adult worm morphologies and more sensitive genetic markers are needed to confirm the species validity of C. formosanus with 34 circumoral spines originating from C. auratus in the future.

Prevalence of Centrocestus formosanus Metacercariae in Ornamental Fish from Chiang Mai, Thailand, with Molecular Approach Using ITS2

The prevalence of Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae was investigated in ornamental fish purchased from a pet shop in Chiang Mai, Thailand, including Carassius auratus (goldfish), Cyprinus carpio (Koi), Poecilia latipinna (Sailfin Molly), Danio rerio (Zebrafish), and Puntigrus tetrazona (Tiger barb). The parasite species was identified by the morphology of worms as well as by a molecular approach using ITS2. The results showed that 50 (33.3%) of 150 fish examined were infected with the metacercariae. The highest prevalence was found in C. auratus (83.3%), and the highest intensity was noted in C. carpio (70.8 metacercariae/fish). The most important morphological character was the presence of 32–34 circumoral spines on the oral sucker. The phylogenetic studies using the rRNA ITS2 region revealed that all the specimens of C. formosanus in this study were grouped together with C. formosanus in GenBank database. This is the first report on ornamental fish, C. carpio, P. latipinna, D. rerio, and P. tetrazona, taking the role of second intermediate hosts of C. formosanus in Thailand. Prevention and control of metacercarial infection in ornamental fish is urgently needed.

Clinical and Experimental Study on Prevention and Treatment of Depression by Using Gan Mai Dazao De-coction / 中国药师

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by emotional and depressive symptoms. At present, western medicine treatment time is longer, having certain side effects, the treatment is incomplete and easy to recur, and not suitable for preg-nant women and the elderly and other special populations. The Chinese ancient"hysteria" Gan Mai Datzao decoction was used for the modern treatment of depression and achieved better effect. This article attempts from the clinical application and pharmacological stud-ies, for the past ten years of Gan Mai Dazao decoction decoction to prevent depression in the systematic review and analysis, the rea-sonable use of clinical thought to provide reference.

A metabolomics study on Shen-Mai decoction’ s protection of myocardial injured rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim With metabolomics method, to study Shen-Mai decoction’ s function on protecting the myo-cardial injured rats caused by doxorubicin for probing into the functioning mechanism of Shen-Mai decoction’ s medical effect. Methods By means of UPLC-TOF-MS, the metabolites of urine of the rats treated by Shen-Mai decoction were analyzed. Then, the differ-ences between each group of the metabolites were sought with PLS-DA ( the partial least square discrimi-nant analysis ) and OPLS-DA ( the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis ) . VIP ( variable importance in projection ) and t test were used to screen out potential biomarkers. Results Fourteen endogenous metabolites such as succinyladenosine, a-denosine 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate, S-( 3-methylbu-tanoyl )-dihydrolipoamide-E, cis-4-hydroxycyclohexy-lacetic acid, phenylbutyrylglutamine, 3-butyn-1-al, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, dihydrolipoamide and pyruvic acid, etc. were characterized. Conclusions The results indicate that Shen-Mai decoction can pro-tect the body from myocardial injury by regulating pu-rine metabolism, some acid metabolism, fat metabo-lism and energy metabolism, etc. The study expounds the functioning mechanism for Shen-Mai decoction ’ s medical effect in the body and provides theoretical grounds for the rationality of the two medical herbs ’ compatibility and their combination in clinical treat-ment of diseases.

A combination of four effective components derived from Sheng-mai san attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in PC12 cells through inhibiting Akt and MAPK signaling pathways / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to investigate whether a combination of four effective components derived from Sheng-mai san (SMXZF; ginsenoside Rb1: ginsenoside Rg1: DT-13: Schizandrol A as 6 : 9 : 4 : 5) could attenuate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in PC12 cells, focusing on the Akt and MAPK pathways . The PC12 cells were exposed to H2O2 (400 μmol·L(-1)) for 1 h in the presence or absence of SMXZF pre-treatment for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the intracellular content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and caspase-3 were also determined. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Akt, and MAPKs were detected by Western blotting analyses. SMXZF pretreatment significantly increased the cell viability and SOD activity and improved the cell morphological changes, while reduced the levels of LDH and MDA at the concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μg·mL(-1). SMXZF also inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, SMXZF reduced the activity of caspase-3, up-regulated the protein ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax and inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-Akt, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 in H2O2-induced PC12 cells. Co-incubation of Akt inhibitor or p38 inhibitor partly attenuated the protection of SMXZF against H2O2-injured PC12 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SMXZF attenuated H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells by inhibiting Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways, which might shed insights on its neuroprotective mechanism.

Microtox Technology for the Evaluation of Comprehensive Toxicity of Shen Mai Injection / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In this research,we chiefly explored a new fast test method--microtox technology to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of Shen Mai injection.We investigated characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) under different conditions in the pursuit of the optimum test parameters of the reliable method;and then locked the best parameters for Shen Mai injection assay with the products from different manufacturers by microtox fast test.As a result,the optimum reaction condition included 0.9 mL recovery liquid in each freeze-dried vial and 50 μL bacteria suspension of each sample within 2 mL solution in aggregate with 10-mins detection after adding bacteria suspension which pH value ranging from 5 to 10 and luminous intensity from 0.8 to 1.2 million in 10 mins.The relative standard deviation values of replication experiment and precision test were all below 15％.Under this optimum detection condition,it was found that the EC50 values were 35.60％,92.34％ and 146.57％,differing among the samples from three representative drug manufacturers,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).In conclusion,the concentration-effect relationship of Shen Mai injection existed in the toxicity assessment of vibrio fischeri with various ECs0 values from the three manufacturers.These results suggested that biological detection standards of Shen Mai injection presented great growth potential.Microtox-based fast test in the evaluation of comprehensive toxicity of ShenMai injection showed favorable application prospects over controlling the quality of different sources of products.

Application of Microtox-Based Fast Test to the Evaluation of Comprehensive Toxicity of Sheng Mai Injection / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at exploring the application of microtox technology to the evaluation of comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injections.Characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) were measured by methodology inspection under different conditions to optimize the reaction condition with reliable technology.It was the first experiment to accomplish the comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injections from various manufacturers using vibrio fischeri under the target condition.It was found that parameters of the optimum condition contained 0.9 mL recovery liquid volume in each freeze-dried vial and 50 μ L bacteria suspension of each sample,being included in 2 mL solution in aggregate under 10 mins' detection time after adding bacteria suspension with the favorable pH value ranging from 5 to 10 and luminous intensity from 0.8 to 1.2 million within 10 mins.The relative standard deviation values of replication experiment and precision test were all below 15％.Under this optimum detection condition,it was found that the EC50 values were 22.10％,34.10％ and 46.04％,respectively,presenting significant statistical differences (P＜0.05).These results demonstrated that the growth of biological detection standards of Sheng Mai injection was highlighted a long way to go.Besides,the microtox-based fast test for the evaluation of the comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injection showed a prospective application to controlling the quality of different products from manufacturers.

Effect of Rho kinase combined with Sheng Mai injection on TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1 and CD11/CD18 in patients with Ⅱ°superficial burn / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate effect of Rho kinase combined with Sheng Mai injection on tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and adhesion molecule CD11/CD18 in patients withⅡ°superficial burn.Methods 48 cases patients withⅡ°superficial burn were collected and divided into experimental group and control group, according to different therapy, 24 cases in each group.The two groups were given symptomatic treatment such as anti-infectious, keep warm, anti-shock, pain-relieve and wound-healing treatment, the control group were given Rho kinase on the basis of symptomatic treatment, and experimental group were given Sheng Mai injection on the basis of control group, for a course of two weeks.The serum TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1 and CD11/CD18 levels were compared after treatment. ResuIts After treatment, the serum TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1 and CD11/CD18 levels after treatment were lower than those before treatment in two groups (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1 and CD11/CD18 were lower than those of experimental group (P<0.05).ConcIusion Rho kinase combined with Sheng Mai injection could significantly reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, ICAM-1 and CD11/CD18 in patients with Ⅱ°superficial burn.

Supplemented Ganmai-Dazaodecoction for malignant tumor-related depression:comparsion with flupentixol and melitracentablets / 国际中医中药杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the curative effect of supplementedGanmai-Dazaodecoction for malignant tumor correlation with depression.MethodsA total of 98 patients with malignant tumor-related depression were divided into a treatment group and acontrol group according to the random number table. The control group were treated with flupentixol and melitracen tablets (Deanxit) combined with conventional treatment, the treatment group were treated with oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine supplemented Ganmai-Dazaodecoction combined with conventional treatment for 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the curative effect.ResultsThe effective rate showed no significant difference between the treatment groupand the control group (79.59%vs.75.51%;χ2=0.059,P=0.809). HAMD scores in both groups were significantly decreased after the treatment than before treatment (12.8±3.4 vs. 29.4±4.7 in the treatment group, 12.3±3.6vs.28.7±4.5 in the controlgroup, allP<0.05), there was no significant difference in HAMD scores after the treatment between the treatment group and the control group (t=0.707,P=0.481). ConclusionCurative effect of supplementedGanmai-Dazaodecoction is equal to flupentixol andmelitracen tablets in patients with malignant tumor-related depression.

Sheng-Mai-San attenuates contractile dysfunction and structural damage induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice / 中国天然药物

Sheng-Mai-San (SMS), a well-known Chinese medicinal plant formula, is widely used for the treatment of cardiac diseases characterized by deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome. A mouse chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) model was established to mimic the primary clinical features of deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome. Mice experienced CIH for 28 days (nadir 7% to peak 8% oxygen, 20 min per day), resulting in left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and structure abnormalities. After administration of SMS (0.55, 1.1, and 5.5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for four weeks, improved cardiac function was observed, as indicated by the increase in the ejection fraction from the LV on echocardiography. SMS also preserved the structural integrity of the LV against eccentric hypotrophy, tissue vacuolization, and mitochondrial injury as measured by histology, electron microscopy, and ultrasound assessments. Mechanistically, the antioxidant effects of SMS were demonstrated; SMS was able to suppress mitochondrial apoptosis as indicated by the reduction of several pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3) and up-regulation of the anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SMS treatment can protect the structure and function of the LV and that the protective effects of this formula are associated with the regulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.