Evaluation of the effect of Matricaria recutita monotherapy or in combination with photodynamic therapy on tissue repair in the dorsum of the tongue of rats*

Abstract The search for treatments that accelerate the healing of lesions is of constant interest. Matricaria recutita (chamomile) is a plant with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties, and antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) eradicates microorganisms, which favors tissue repair. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the topical use of chamomile with or without aPDT on tissue repair in rats' tongues. Methodology A total of 75 male Wistar rats underwent standardized ulceration on the dorsum of the tongue using a punch of 5 mm diameter and were randomly allocated into the following groups: control (G1), chamomile fluid extract (G2), chamomile infusion (G3), aPDT (G4), and chamomile infusion + aPDT (G5). On the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days postoperatively, euthanasia was performed, and the ulcers were measured using calipers. The presence of edema, inflammatory infiltrate, cellularity, re-epithelialization, and characterization of total collagen were evaluated using sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Red Sirius. Histomorphometry analyses of the percentage of total collagen, the distance from the basal layer to the epithelial surface, and the thickness of the stratum corneum were performed. Descriptive (absolute/relative frequencies and modes) and exploratory analyses were performed. The associations between the groups and the presence of ulcers were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. All analyses were performed using the R program and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. Results The G2 positively modulated the exudative and proliferative phases of repair, both clinically (p<0.0001) and histologically, whether in descriptive or inferential analyses (p<0.05). The G3 showed a significant difference in clinical parameters compared with G1 (p<0.0001). The G4 and G5 did not positively modulate tissue repair. Conclusion The chamomile fluid extract showed better outcomes for tissue repair in the rat tongue.

Actividad antibacteriana de Plantago major, Eucalyptus globulus y Matricaria chamomilla, frente a Streptococcus mutans / Antibacterial actividad of Plantago Major, Eucalyptus globulus and Matricaria chamomilla against Streptococcus mutans

Introducción: Debido al consumo indiscriminado de fármacos, muchas bacterias han comenzado a mostrar resistencia. No obstante, cada vez hay más investigaciones que buscan soluciones a este problema, y para lograrlo indagan en los beneficios médicos de determinadas plantas sobre la cavidad oral y su menor efecto tóxico. El 10 % de las plantas a nivel mundial se usan con fines medicinales. El Instituto Nacional de Cáncer indica que el 67 por ciento de los fármacos tiene su origen en la naturaleza, y el 25 % derivan de las plantas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento in vitro de los extractos de Plantago major, Eucalyptus globulus y Matricaria chamomilla a diferentes concentraciones (100 por ciento, 50 por ciento, 25 por ciento y 12,5 por ciento) sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, in vitro, longitudinal y prospectivo. El universo estuvo formado por las cepas Streptococcus mutans, y la población por las cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). El tamaño de la muestra se basó en el método estandarizado del CLSI. La muestra fueron 10 discos por extracto, embebidos con 50 uL., colocados sobre agar Mueller Hinton con sembrado de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Se realizaron las medidas de los halos de inhibición a las 24 horas. Se usaron pruebas paramétricas de análisis de varianza y la prueba Tukey. Resultados: El halo inhibitorio promedio de la clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento fue de 12,76 mm (p = 0,006). El extracto de "eucalipto" al 25 por ciento presentó diferencias significativas respecto a los otros grupos (p = 0,040), al 50 por ciento (p = 0,002) y al 100 por ciento (p = 0,000). Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de Eucalyptus globulus al 100 por ciento presentó efecto inhibitorio frente al Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in vitro(AU)

Introduction: Due to the indiscriminate consumption of drugs, many bacteria have begun to show resistance. However, there is more and more research that seeks solutions to this problem, and to achieve this they investigate the medical benefits of certain plants on the oral cavity and its less toxic effect. 10 percent of the world's plants are used for medicinal purposes. The National Cancer Institute indicates that 67 percent of drugs originate in nature, and 25% are derived from plants. Objective: Determine the inhibitory effect of in vitro growth of the extracts of Plantago major, Eucalyptus globulus and Matricaria chamomilla at different concentrations (100 percent, 50 percent, 25 percent and 12.5 percent) on strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Methods: Quasiexperimental, in vitro, longitudinal and prospective study. The universe was formed by the strains Streptococcus mutans, and the population by the strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). The sample size was based on the standardized CLSI method. The sample was 10 discs per extract, embedded with 50 uL., placed on Mueller Hinton agar with Streptococcus mutans seeding (ATCC 25175). Inhibition halos measurements were performed at 24 hours. Parametric analysis of variance tests and the Tukey test were used. Results: The average inhibitory halo of 0.12 percentchlorhexidine was 12.76 mm (p = 0.006). The extract of "eucalyptus" at 25 percent showed significant differences with respect to the other groups (p = 0.040), 50 percent (p = 0.002) and 100 percent (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of Eucalyptus globulus at 100 percent presented inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in vitro(AU)

Study on improvement effect of total flavonoids from Matricaria recutita on lipid deposition in HepG 2 cells / 中国药房

O BJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect of total fla vonoids of Matricaria recutita on lipid abnormalities in human hepatoma HepG 2 cells and its lipid-lowering mechanism. METHODS The high-content total flavonoids extract from M. recutita was isolated and purified by macroporous resin. HepG 2 cells were divided into control group （without administration ）， model group （without administration ），fenofibrate group （positive control ，3.61 μg/mL）and M. recutita total flavonoids low-dose ， medium-dose and high-dose groups （100，150 and 200 μg/mL）. Except for control group ，lipid deposition model of HepG 2 cells in other groups were established by 1 mmol/L mixture of oleic acid and palmitic acid. After 24 hours of intervention ，the levels of free fatty acids （FFA）in cell supernatant and triglyceride （TG）and FFA in cells were detected ；Oil red O staining was used to observe the deposition of lipid droplets in cells and detect the content of lipid ；DAPI staining was used to observe the protein expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2（DGAT2）in cells ，and fluorescence intensity of protein expression of DGAT 2 were also detected ； protein expressions of key enzymes of TG synthesis as acetyl CoA carboxylase （ACC），fatty acid synthase （FAS）and DGAT 2 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS After separation and purification ，the content of total flavonoids from M. recutita increased from 6.72％ to 56.20％. The results of cell experiment showed that compared with control group ，the levels of TG and FFA in cells and FFA in the cell supernatant increased significantly in the model group ，the content of lipid in cells increased significantly，the fluorescence intensity of protein expression of DGAT 2 increased significantly ，and the protein expressions of ACC，FAS and DGAT 2 increased significantly （P＜0.01）； large number of lipid dro plets were accumulated in the cells. Compared with model group ，the levels of above indexes in M. recutita total flavonoids low-dose ， medium-dose andhigh-dose groups were significantly reversed （P＜0.01）；the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS M. recutita total flavonoids can inhibit the TG synthesis of lipid depos ition model HepG 2 cell，reduce the lipid accumulation of cells and prevent the lipid damage of cells. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of ACC/FAS/DGAT 2 pathway.

Evidências da atividade gastrointestinal da Camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L. = Chamomilla recutita L.): uma revisão integrativa / Evidence of the gastrointestinal activity of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. = Chamomilla recutita L.): An integrative review

A utilização de plantas medicinais pelo homem é relatada desde a pré-história. Apesar dos avanços e criação de políticas voltadas para o uso de plantas medicinais, com a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no SUS- PNPIC que inclui a fitoterapia, a prevalência do uso das PICs no Brasil nas práticas de trabalho e ações nos serviços de saúde, ainda é baixa quando comparada a outros países. Dentre as plantas com uso medicinal tradicional no Brasil, Matricaria chamomilla, a Camomila, tem sido utilizada como tratamento de doenças gastrointestinais e alívio de sintomas digestivos. A revisão integrativa, teve como objetivo buscar evidências científicas da ação terapêutica gastrointestinal, do uso popular da camomila, através da busca de dados de fontes primárias com abordagem quantitativa, experimental e quase-experimental. Como resultados, foram encontrados dez estudos de cunho experimental (in vivo e in vitro) oriundos da Biblioteca virtual em saúde- BVS e PUBMED. Nenhum estudo clínico foi encontrado pela busca nos últimos dez anos. As doenças gastrointestinais investigadas foram: Diarreia/hiperperistaltismo, úlcera péptica, Gastrite atrófica e Câncer gástrico, inflamação e dor gástrica e atividade antibacteriana contra Helicobacter pylori e Campylobacter jejuni. Para a maioria das doenças investigadas a Camomila na forma de extrato ou seus componentes isolados (alfa-bisabolol e apigenina), apresentou resultados satisfatórios, sendo necessário que estudos clínicos em humanos, confirmem sua ação nas doenças gastrointestinais investigadas e ofereçam aos profissionais da atenção primária subsídios para orientação da utilização terapêutica da camomila. (AU)

Adulterantes presentes en plantas medicinales de mercados municipales en Costa Rica / Presence of adulterants in medicinal plants of municipal markets in Costa Rica

RESUMEN La carencia de una regulación sobre las plantas medicinales y el escaso control de calidad dado en Costa Rica ponen en riesgo la salud de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de adulterantes en manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y juanilama (Lippia alba) de venta a granel en mercados de San José, Heredia y Cartago, Costa Rica. Se recolectaron muestras de manzanilla y juanilama en diferentes puntos de venta dentro de los mercados de Cartago, Heredia y San José. Las muestras se analizaron en fresco y a través de los criterios establecidos por la OMS, para el control de calidad de productos herbarios, se estableció la cuantificación de materiales ajenos al producto comerciado como: insectos, mezclas de minerales del suelo, plástico, vidrio y moho. Los resultados fueron analizados con Excel 2010 y el programa estadístico IBM SPSS 22. En mercados de Heredia y San José se venden productos que no corresponden a la especie terapéutica ofrecida. La manzanilla es vendida principalmente en condiciones frescas, mientras que la juanilama varía su condición dependiendo del mercado. Hubo presencia de adulterantes, como insectos, tierra, plásticos y mohos, en las plantas de manzanilla y juanilama de venta en las provincias de Cartago, Heredia y San José.

SUMMARY The lack of regulation and quality control in Costa Rica on the medicinal plants has risks in public health. The aim of these work was to determinate presence of contaminants in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and juanilama (Lippia alba) commercialized in the municipal markets in San José, Heredia and Cartago, Costa Rica. They were collected samples of chamomile and juanilama in different sale points within the Cartago, Heredia and San José markets. The samples were analyzed fresh and through the criteria established by WHO; for the quality control of herbal products, the quantification of materials foreign to the traded product was established: insects, mixtures of soil minerals, plastic, glass and mold. The results were analyzed with the statistical program SPSS 22. In some markets of Heredia and San José products do not correspond to the therapeutic species offered, and they were sold. Chamomile is sold mainly in fresh conditions, while the juanilama varies its condition depending on the market. There was presence of adulterants, such as insects, soil, plastics and molds, in plants chamomile and juanilama sold in the provinces of Cartago, Heredia and San José.

Uso de la manzanilla en el tratamiento de las enfermedades periodontales / Chamomile use in the treatment of periodontal diseases

RESUMEN Fundamento: existe una gama de productos naturales, dentro de los que están los fitoterapéuticos, donde se destaca la manzanilla para tratar la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria debido a la acción antiinflamatoria, cicatrizante, antialérgica, analgésica, antiséptica y bacteriostática que esta planta posee. Se ha demostrado que la manzanilla actúa también sobre la placa dentobacteriana, principal factor de riesgo de la enfermedad periodontal y es utilizada para el tratamiento de procesos agudos y crónicos periodontales. Objetivo: establecer las bases científicas del empleo de la manzanilla en el tratamiento de las enfermedades periodontales. Métodos: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en un periodo de seis meses y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: manzanilla, matricaria recutita; a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 150 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 52 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 40 de ellas de los últimos cinco años. Resultados: la manzanilla es nativa en muchos países de Europa, y se cultivan en países como Alemania, Egipto, Francia, España, Italia, Marruecos, y en partes de Europa del Este. Las diversas plantas de manzanilla son muy distintas y requieren su propio conjunto de condiciones para crecer. Sus propiedades, acciones terapéuticas y principios activos varían de una especie a otra. Conclusiones: la Matricaria chamomilla y la Phania matricarioides son de probada eficacia terapéutica en el tratamiento de enfermedades periodontales agudas y crónicas.

ABSTRACT Background: there is a range of natural products, including phytotherapeutic, which highlights the chamomile to treat inflammatory periodontal disease due to the anti-inflammatory, healing, antiallergic, analgesic, antiseptic and bacteriostatic that this plant possesses. It has been shown that chamomile also acts on dentobacterial plaque, the main risk factor for periodontal disease and is used for the treatment of acute and chronic periodontal processes. Objective: to establish the scientific basis of the use of chamomile in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods: the search of the information was carried out in a period of six months and the following words were used: chamomile, matricaria recutita; Based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review was made of a total of 150 articles published in the PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases by means of the search manager and the EndNote reference manager. Of these, 52 selected citations were used to perform the review, 40 of them from the last five years. Results: Chamomile is native to many countries in Europe, and is grown in countries such as Germany, Egypt, France, Spain, Italy, Morocco, and in parts of Eastern Europe. The various chamomile plants are very different and require their own set of conditions to grow. Its properties, therapeutic actions and active principles vary from one species to another. Conclusions: Matricaria chamomilla and Phania matricarioides are of proven therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of acute and chronic periodontal diseases.

Etnomedicina en Los Altos de Chiapas, México / Ethnomedicine in The Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

The objective of the this research was to register the current popular therapeutic use of medicinal plants in the Tzotzil indigenous population, in The Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. The data were collected from 59 informants (39% men, 61% women) between 20 and 86 years old, through a semi-structured questionnaire in the Tzotzil language. From the information collected, a total of 59 species of medicinal plants were registered, belonging to 55 genera and 37 botanical families. The families Asteraceae (with 6 species and UR=51), Lamiaceae (4, UR=37) and Lauraceae (4, UR=21), are were the most representative in the study area. The highest use value index (UVI) was reported for Matricaria chamomilla (UVI=0.42), Mentha sativa (UVI=0.36) and Ruta graveolens (UVI=0.31). According to the informant consensus factor (ICF), the main pathological categories treated are were of the reproductive system (ICF=0.80), respiratory infections (ICF=0.75) and diseases of the digestive system (ICF=0.70). The species reported and their diversity of uses satisfy the needs of families with socioeconomic deficiencies.

El objetivo de la esta investigación fue registrar el uso terapéutico popular actual de plantas medicinales en la población indígena Tzotzil, en Los Altos de Chiapas, México. Los datos fueron recolectados de 59 informantes (39% hombres, 61% mujeres) entre 20 y 86 años, a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado en el idioma Tzotzil. De la información recabada, se registraron un total de 59 especies de plantas medicinales, pertenecientes a 55 géneros y 37 familias botánicas. Las familias Asteraceae (con 6 especies y RU=51), Lamiaceae (4, RU=37) y Lauraceae (4, RU=21), son fueron las más representativas en el área de estudio. El índice de valor de uso más alto (IVU) se informó para Matricaria chamomilla (IVU=0.42), Mentha sativa (IVU=0.36) y Ruta graveolens (IVU=0.31). Según el factor de consenso del informante (FCI), las principales categorías patológicas tratadas son fueron del sistema reproductivo (ICF=0.80), las infecciones respiratorias (ICF=0.75) y las enfermedades del sistema digestivo (ICF=0.70). Las especies reportadas y su diversidad de usos satisfacen las necesidades de las familias con deficiencias socioeconómicas.

Matricaria Recutita Extract (Chamomile) to reduce Candida Albicans and Entrobacter Cloacae biofilms: in vitro study / Extrato de Matricaria recutita (camomila) para redução do biofilme de Candida albicans e Entrobacter cloacae: estudo in vitro

ABSTRACT Objective: This research study aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Matricaria recutira (chamomile) hydroalcoholic extract on Candida albicans and Enterobacter cloacae biofilms. Methods: C. albicans and E. cloacae biofilms with thirty-hour formation were submitted, for five minutes, to 100, 200 and 300 mg / mL of M. recutita hydroalcoholic extract, chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% (Periogard® - inhibition control) or sterile distilled water (growth control). Subsequently, they were washed and divided into two groups to determine the microbial viability: G/UFC - counting of colony forming units (cfu) in agar and G/DNA - quantification of viable DNA with violet crystal dye by spectrophotometry. Results: M. recutita extract at 300 mg/mL reduced significantly (p <0.01) the E. cloacae cfu/mL number in biofilm with results similar to chlorhexidine 0.12%, while extracts at 100 and 200 mg/mL did not have the same effectiveness. The amount of E. cloacae viable DNA was reduced (p <0.05) in all the M. recutita extract concentrations and chlorhexidine. There was no significant difference (p = 0.565) in the cfu/mL number or in the amount of viable DNA (p = 0.8094) in C. albicans biofilm when compared to untreated biofilm (control) or, even, between the extracts when compared to each other or to chlorhexidine 0.12%. Conclusion: 300 mg/mL M. recutita extract reduced significantly the E. cloacae biofilm but not the C. albicans, both with a similar result to chlorhexidine 0.12% (Periogar®).

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade inibitória do extrato hidroalcoólico de Matricaria recutira (camomila) sobre biofilme de Candida albicans e Enterobacter cloacae. Métodos: Biofilmes de C. albicans e E. cloacae com trinta horas de formação foram submetidos por cinco minutos a 100, 200 e 300 mg/mL de extrato hidroalcoólico de M. recutita, digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% (Periogard® - controle de inibição) ou água destilada esterilizada (controle do crescimento). Depois foram lavados e divididos em dois grupos para determinação da viabilidade microbiana: G1 - contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia (ufc) em ágar e G2 - quantificação de DNA viável com corante cristal violeta por espectrofotometria. Resultados: O extrato de M. recutita a 300 mg/mL reduziu significativamente (p < 0,01) o número de ufc/mL de E. cloacae em biofilme com resultados semelhantes a clorexidina 0,12%, enquanto os extratos a 100 e 200 mg/mL não tiveram a mesma efetividade. Já a quantidade de DNA viável de E. cloacae foi reduzida (p < 0,05) em todas as concentrações do extrato de M. recutita testadas e clorexidina. Não houve diferença significativa (p=0,565) no número de ufc/mL ou na quantidade de DNA viável (p=0,8094) no biofilme de C. albicans quando comparado ao biofilme sem tratamento (controle) ou mesmo entre as concentrações do extrato quando comparados entre si ou com a clorexidina 0,12%. Conclusão: O extrato de M. recutita 300 mg/mL reduziu significativamente o biofilme de E. cloacae mas não de C. albicans, ambos com resultado semelhante à clorexidina 0,12% (Periogar®).

Determination of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Matricaria Chamomila L. by PR-HPLC / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Quercetin , Luteolin, pigenin in Matricaria Chamomila L.. Methods HPLC analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbox SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the methanol and phosphoric acid as mobile phase in equal degree model, and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml.min-1 and the detecting wave length was at 350 nm. Results The linear response ranges were from 0.25-4.04 μg of Quercetin (r=1.000, n=6) and from 0.25-3.98 μg of Luteolin (r=1.000, n=6) and 0.25-4.02 μg of Apigenin (r=1.000, n=6);and the recoveries, the precision and the stability RSD of Quercetin, Luteolin and Apigenin meet the requirements. The average recovery rate of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin was 93.64%, 95.85% and 95.40%, respectively. Conclusions All 3 samples in Matricaria Chamomila.L were determined by HPLC. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It can be used as reference for the quality control of Matricaria Chamomila L..

Safety of a formulation containing chitosan microparticles with chamomile: blind controlled clinical trial / Segurança de uma formulação contendo micropartículas de quitosana com camomila: ensaio clínico, mascarado e controlado / Seguridad de una formulación conteniendo micropartículas de quitosano con manzanilla: ensayo clínico, enmascarado y controlado

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the safety of a topical formulation containing chamomile microparticles coated with chitosan in the skin of healthy participants. Method: phase I blind, controlled, non-randomized, single-dose clinical trial with control for skin, base formulation, and formulation with microparticles. The variables analyzed were irritation and hydration by the Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: the study started with 35 participants with a mean age of 26.3 years. Of these, 30 (85.71%) were female, 29 (82.90%) were white skinned and 32 (91.40%) had no previous pathologies. One participant was removed from the study reporting erythema at the site of application, and four other participants for not attending the last evaluation. In the 30 participants who completed the study, the tested formulation did not cause erythema, peeling, burning, pruritus or pain; there was an improvement in cutaneous hydration in the site of application of the formulation with microparticles. In the evaluation of the barrier function, there was an increase in transepidermal water loss in all sites. Conclusion: the formulation with chamomile microparticles is safe for topical use, not causing irritation and improving skin hydration over four weeks of use. Its effects on barrier function need further investigation. No. RBR-3h78kz in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC).

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a segurança de uma formulação tópica, contendo micropartículas de camomila revestidas com quitosana, na pele de participantes saudáveis. Método: ensaio clínico fase I, mascarado, controlado, não aleatorizado, de dose única, com controles da pele, da base da formulação e da formulação com micropartículas. As variáveis analisadas foram irritação e hidratação por meio dos testes de Wilcoxon e Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: iniciaram o estudo 35 participantes com idade média de 26,3 anos. Destes, 30 (85,71%) eram do sexo feminino, 29 (82,90%) brancos e 32 (91,40%) sem patologias prévias. Um participante foi descontinuado por referir eritema no local de aplicação e quatro por não comparecerem à última avaliação. Nos 30 participantes que finalizaram o estudo, a formulação teste não causou eritema, descamação, ardor, prurido ou dor; houve melhora na hidratação cutânea no local de aplicação da formulação com as micropartículas. Na avaliação da função barreira houve aumento da perda transepidérmica de água em todos os locais. Conclusão: a formulação com micropartículas de camomila é segura para o uso tópico, não provocando irritação e melhorando a hidratação cutânea ao longo de quatro semanas de uso. Seus efeitos na função barreira devem ser melhor estudados. N° RBR-3h78kz no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC).

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de una formulación tópica, conteniendo micropartículas de manzanilla revestidas con quitosano, en la piel de participantes sanos. Método: ensayo clínico fase I, enmascarado, controlado, no aleatorizado, de dosis única, con controles de la piel, de la base de la formulación y de la formulación con micropartículas. Las variables analizadas fueron irritación e hidratación por medio de los tests de Wilcoxon y Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: iniciaron el estudio 35 participantes con edad media de 26,3 años. De esos, 30 (85,71%) eran del sexo femenino, 29 (82,90%) blancos y 32 (91,40%) sin patologías previas. Un participante fue descontinuado por referir eritema en el local de aplicación y cuatro por no comparecer a la última evaluación. En los 30 participantes que finalizaron el estudio, la formulación test no causó eritema, descamación, ardor, prurito o dolor; hubo mejora en la hidratación cutánea en el local de aplicación de la formulación con las micropartículas. En la evaluación de la función barrera hubo aumento de la pérdida transepidérmica de agua en todos los locales. Conclusión: la formulación con micropartículas de manzanilla es segura para el uso tópico, no provocando irritación y mejorando la hidratación cutánea a lo largo de cuatro semanas de uso. Sus efectos en la función barrera deben ser mejor estudiados. N° RBR-3h78kz en el Registro Brasilero de Ensayos Clínicos (ReBEC).

Plant extracts with potential to control of two-spotted spider mite / Extratos vegetais com potencial de uso no controle do ácaro rajado

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a species of great economic importance to Brazil. In its control, the main option is the use of synthetic miticides, which, if used indiscriminately, can contaminate the environment, farmers and consumers. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on females of this pest. For this, T. urticae females, reared in laboratory, were sprayed in Potter tower. Fourteen plants were tested in the form of aqueous extracts (AE), hydroethanolic extracts (HE) or essential oils (EO). The experimental plot consisted of a Petri dish with a Canavalia ensiformis L. leaf disk containing five T. urticae females, using ten plates per treatment. Mortality evaluations were performed 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after spraying, recording the number of dead females on the disc and the number of dead females on the moistened cotton. We considered that females found on cotton were repelled by treatments. Matricaria chamomilla L. HE and Pimpinella anisum L. AE have acaricidal effect for females, providing above 83% of mortality, after 120 hours. Origanum vulgare L. HE causes at least 75% mortality after 24 hours. Also 120 hours after spraying, P. anisum HE and O. vulgare AE cause repellency of females above 16%, and A. absinthium HE exceeds 22% for this parameter. The results stimulate further researches to determine the optimum dose and evaluation of additional effects on the fertility of surviving females.(AU)

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) é uma espécie de grande importância econômica para o Brasil. Em seu controle, a principal opção são os acaricidas sintéticos, que, se usados de forma indiscriminada, podem contaminar ambiente, produtores e consumidores. Na busca de alternativas de controle, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais sobre fêmeas dessa praga. Para isso, fêmeas de T. ­urticae criadas em laboratório foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Foram testadas 14 espécies vegetais, na forma de extratos aquosos (EA), hidroetanólicos (EH) ou óleos essenciais (OE). A parcela experimental consistiu de uma placa de Petri com um disco de folha de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ­ensiformis L.) contendo cinco fêmeas de T. urticae, sendo utilizadas dez placas por tratamento. As avaliações de mortalidade foram realizadas 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a pulverização, registrando-se o número de fêmeas mortas no disco e no algodão umedecido. Considerou-se que fêmeas encontradas no algodão foram repelidas pelos tratamentos. Matricaria chamomilla L. na forma de extrato hidroetanólico e Pimpinella anisum L. na forma de extrato aquoso possuem efeito acaricida para fêmeas proporcionando acima de 83% de mortalidade, após 120 horas da pulverização. Origanum ­vulgare L. EH causa no mínimo 75% de mortalidade após 24 horas. Também após 120 horas, P. anisum EH e O. vulgare EA causam repelência de fêmeas acima de 16% e A. absinthium EH ultrapassa 22% para esse parâmetro. Os resultados estimulam a realização de pesquisas futuras para determinação da dose ótima e avaliação de efeitos adicionais sobre a fertilidade das fêmeas sobreviventes.(AU)

Ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants used in the Qampaya District, Bolivia / Inventario etnobotánico de plantas medicinales usadas en el Distrito Qampaya, Bolivia

Herbal medicine therapy is traditionally practiced by indigenous healers in Bolivia for hundreds years. Due to the great geographical and ecological diversity, there are thousands of native plants, which are utilized against diverse types of diseases. Nowadays, there is a worldwide problem connected with possible loss of ethnobotany knowledge because of the lack of the interest of young people. In present study, survey focused on medicinal plants used by rural people in Qampaya District, Potosí Department, Bolivia has been done. The data were collected from 60 respondents by semi-structured interviews. The results showed that 60 plant species belonging to 30 families are known as curative plants in this area. The mostly named families were Asteraceae (14 species) followed by Lamiaceae (7 species) and Brassicaceae (4 species). Predominant health problems treated by these plants are urological problems and gastro-intestinal disorders. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves and the preparation is mostly done as infusion. Even though the knowledge of using medical plants plays important role in life of Bolivian rural people, which use plants as medicines against various types of diseases, this study showed that 25 percent of respondents didn’t know any medicinal plants. On the other hand 40 percent of asked people have known 6 or more medicinal plant species.

La terapia de la medicina herbolaria es practicada, tradicionalmente, por los curanderos indígenas en Bolivia, desde hace cientos de años. Gracias a la gran diversidad geográfica y ecológica, hay miles de plantas nativas, que se utilizan para el tratamiento de diferentes tipos de enfermedades. Hoy en día, hay un problema mundial relacionado con la posible pérdida del conocimiento etnobotánico, esto debido a la falta de interés de las nuevas generaciones. El presente estudio descriptivo, mediante una encuesta, fue enfocado a las plantas medicinales utilizadas por la población rural del Distrito Qampaya, Departamento de Potosí, Bolivia. Los datos se obtuvieron de 60 informantes mediante una encuesta semiestructurada. Los resultados mostraron que 60 especies de plantas medicinales. pertenecientes a 30 familias botánicas, son conocidas en el área de intervención. Las familias botánicas, más importantes de uso medicinal son Asteraceae (14 especies), seguido de Lamiaceae (7 especies) y Brassicaceae (4 especies). Los problemas predominantes de salud, tratados con estas especies, son los urológicos y trastornos gastrointestinales. La parte de la planta más utilizada son las hojas y la forma más común de uso es en infusión. A pesar de que el conocimiento sobre la utilización de las plantas medicinales, juega un papel importante en la vida de la población rural de Bolivia, quienes utilizan las plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de diversos tipos de enfermedades, este estudio mostró que el 25 por ciento de los encuestados no tienen conocimiento sobre la utilidad medicinal de ninguna especie vegetal. Por otro lado, el 40 por ciento de los informantes conocen 6 o más especies de plantas medicinales.

Efecto inhibitorio del extracto de manzanilla (Matricaria Chamomilla), extracto de llantén (Plantago major L) y la combinación del extracto de manzanilla y llantén comparado con la clorhexidina sobre cepa de Porphyromona gingivalis / Inhibitory effect of chamomile extract (Matricaria Chamomilla), plantain extract (Plantago major L) and the combination of chamomile and plantain extract compared with chlorhexidine on Porphyromona gingivalis strain

En la Enfermedad Periodontal el uso de terapias convencionales junto con las complementarias, proporcionan una mayor recuperación de las condiciones periodontales; el mundo moderno está retomando el empleo de la medicina natural para curar o aliviar ciertas enfermedades, no solamente por ser un medio más saludable, eficaz y accesible para la mayor parte de la sociedad, sino porque también brinda un amplio campo para el estudio y la investigación, bajo la perspectiva de que lo empírico tenga un sustento científico. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar mediante un estudio in ­ vitro el efecto inhibitorio del extracto de manzanilla (matricaria chamomilla), extracto de llantén ( plantágo major l.) y la combinación del extracto de manzanilla y llantén sobre cepa de Porphyromona gingivalis. Éste estudio se realizó en 30 cultivos bacterianos, colocando en su interior discos blancos estériles embebidos de cada extracto, tomando como control positivo la Clorhexidina al 0,12% y agua destilada como control negativo. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio reflejaron un efecto positivo de inhibición de los tres extractos frente a Porphyromona gingivalis; demostrando así su potencial inhibitorio en la medición de sus halos de inhibición, obteniendo un promedio de efectividad de 10,20mm para el extracto de manzanilla, el extracto de llantén obtuvo 12,47mm, y la combinación del extracto de manzanilla y llantén un promedio de 16,57mm, siendo mayor el efecto inhibitorio para la combinación de extracto de manzanilla y llantén seguido al halo inhibitorio de la sustancia de control Clorhexidina al 0.12% de 17,50mm; resultando éstos dos últimos estadísticamente similares entre sí, determinados por la prueba de análisis Kruskall Wallis.

TNF-alpha expression, evaluation of collagen, and TUNEL of Matricaria recutita L. extract and triamcinolone on oral ulcer in diabetic rats

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease associated with delayed wound healing of oral ulcers by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. Objective to evaluate the influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and apoptosis in rats with DM treated with chamomile extract or triamcinolone. Material and Methods Wistar male rats (210.0±4.2 g) were divided into five groups: negative control group (NCG) without diabetes; positive control group (PCG) with DM (alloxan, 45 mg/kg); and groups treated with chamomile extract (normoglycemic= NCG group and diabetic= DCG group) and with triamcinolone (TG). Traumatic ulcers were performed on all animals that received topical triamcinolone, chamomile extract or saline 12/12 hours for ten days. Results On days five and ten the animals were euthanized and the ulcers were analyzed by light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). The NCG (p=0.0062), PCG (p=0.0285), NCG (p=0.0041), and DCG (p<0.0001) groups were completely healed on the 10th day, however, there was no healing on the TG (p=0.5127) group. The TNF-α expression showed a significant reduction from the 5th to the 10th day in NCG (p=0.0266) and DCG (p=0.0062). In connective tissue, the TUNEL assay showed a significant reduction in the number of positive cells in NCG (p=0.0273) and CNG (p=0.0469) and in the epithelium only in CDG (p=0.0320). Conclusions Chamomile extract can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in diabetic rats through the reduction of apoptosis in the epithelium and TNF-α expression.

Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and os-motic adjustment under field conditions. Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermi-compost doses (0, 5 and 10 t/ha). Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, appli-cation of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment. Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions. Methods This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses (0, 5 and 10 t/ha). Results Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment. Conclusions Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Avaliação farmacognostica e da rotulagem das drogas vegetais boldo-do-chile (Peumus boldus Molina) e camomila (Matricaria recutita L. ) comercializadas em Fortaleza, CE / Pharmacognostic evaluation and analysis of labels of the medicinal plants Boldo-do-Chile (Peumus boldus Molina) and Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L. ), commercialized in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil

RESUMO Boldo-do-chile (Peumus boldus) e camomila (Matricaria recutita) são plantas empregadas na fitoterapia principalmente para o tratamento de desordens hepáticas e intestinais, atuando também como anti-inflamatório e antiespasmódico, respectivamente. Por isso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade farmacognostica dessas drogas vegetais comercializadas em Fortaleza (CE), além das informações de suas rotulagens. Quarenta e duas amostras de boldo, e quarenta e cinco amostras de camomila, procedentes de farmácias, de lojas de produtos naturais e de bancas de raizeiros, foram analisadas quanto à autenticidade, à pureza e às informações contidas na rotulagem desses produtos conforme legislação vigente. Na verificação de impurezas, 35,7% das amostras de boldo e 57,7% das amostras de camomila excederam o teor máximo de matéria estranha; no teor de cinzas totais, 33,3% das amostras de boldo foram reprovadas; rotulagens das amostras de boldo (100%) e de camomila (96,6%) apresentaram erros ou ausência de informações. Os resultados das análises confirmam, portanto, a necessidade urgente de melhor fiscalização e intervenção na produção e venda dessas e de outras drogas vegetais para adequação às normas vigentes.

ABSTRACT Boldo (Peumus boldus) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) plants are mainly used in herbal medicine to treat hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases, having also anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic quality of these herbal drugs sold in Fortaleza (CE), besides analyzing the information on their labeling. Forty-two samples of boldo, and forty-five samples of chamomile, brought from pharmacies, health food stores and newsstands were analyzed regarding their authenticity, purity, and the information contained in the labeling of the industrial products, to assure that it was in accordance with the current legislation. When verifying the impurities, 35.7% of the boldo samples and 57.7% of the chamomile ones exceeded the maximum level of strange organic matter allowed. Concerning the total ash content, 33.3% of boldo samples were rejected. The labels on the packages of boldo (100%) and chamomile (96,6%) contain errors or lack of information. The test results confirm the need for better surveillance and intervention in the production and sale of these and other drugs plants in order to meet the current standards.

Phytochemical Characterization and Radical Scavenging Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Medicinal Plants from Portugal.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of four medicinal plants from Portugal usually consumed as tea infusion, Melissa officinalis (Lamiaceae) – lemon balm, Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae) – chamomile, Olea europaea (Oleaceae) – olive leaves, and Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae) – lemon verbena. Place and Duration of Study: Air-dried leaves of four of the most consumed medicinal plants from Portugal were analyzed in the Department of Pharmacognosy (UFP) and Laboratory of Bromatology (FFUP) and, Department of Pharmacy, and Chemical Laboratory, Health Technology Research Center (CITS) between June 2010 and September 2011. Methodology: Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done for several phytoconstituents (alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins). Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was also analyzed the possible correlation between antioxidant activity (in vitro) and the synergistic effect between different phytochemicals, using the free radical 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results: Steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannin, were present in Melissa officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla. In Olea europaea leaves, all the chemical constituents were present except alkaloids, and terpenoids. Aloysia triphylla showed the presence of all the constituents. Total phenol contents ranged from 12.91mg.100g-1 to 87.25 mg.100g-1 and flavonoid contents ranged from 25.17mg.100g-1 to 57.28mg.100g-1. The screening of the leaf of the four selected medicinal plants indicates that the presence of high phenolic content may be due to the presence of tannins and flavonoids which are known to possess antioxidant activities. A slight correlation has been observed between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence that aqueous extracts of these tested plants from Portugal contain medicinally important bioactive compounds. Results showed that plants from Portugal usually used as tea infusions are a good source of phytochemical compounds presenting antioxidant activity, so their consumption must be incremented in younger generations which usually consume other less beneficial drinks.

Efecto in vitro de la Matricaria recutita L. sobre la respuesta de linfocitos y neutrófilos / In vitro effect of Matricaria recutita L. on Lymphocytes and Neutrophils response

La manzanilla de Castilla, dulce o cimarrona (Matricaria recutita o Matricaria chamomilla), es una planta herbácea anual de la familia de las asteráceas, nativa de Europa y de regiones templadas de Asia, que se ha naturalizado en algunas regiones de América, África y Australia. Ha sido utilizada por el hombre desde hace miles de años con diferentes fines medicinales. Se estudió el efecto in vitro de un extracto fluido de esta planta sobre los linfocitos de 20 donantes voluntarios de sangre y de 20 enfermos con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia celular, mediante la cuantificación de los linfocitos T por las técnicas de formación de roseta espontánea y activa y el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico (UMICIQ), así como la función fagocítica (índice opsonofagocítico) de los neutrófilos. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros estudiados entre las condiciones experimentales con Matricaria y sin esta

Castilla Chamomile, sweet, or maroon (Matricaria recutita or Matricaria chamomilla) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, native to Europe and temperate zones of Asia, which has become naturalized in parts of America, Africa, and Australia. It has been used by man for thousands of years with different medicinal purposes. We studied the in vitro effect of an extract fluid of this plant on lymphocytes from 20 blood donors and 20 patients with a diagnosis of cellular immunodeficiency. We quantified T lymphocytes by the techniques of spontaneous and active rosette formation, and the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod (UMICIQ) as well as the phagocytic function (opsonophagocytic index) of neutrophils. There were no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters between experimental conditions with Matricaria and without it

Efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico da tintura de Matricaria chamomilla L. in vivo / Efectos citotóxico, genotóxico y mutagénico in vivo de la tintura de Matricaria chamomilla L. / The cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. tincture in vivo

Introdução: Matricaria chamomilla L. é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae cujo nome popular é camomila branca. Suas flores possuem diversas substâncias com propriedades terapêuticas para cura e prevenção de diversos males, dentre eles, desconforto gastrointestinal, inflamações, estresse e hipertensão. Objetivos: avaliar a atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e mutagênica in vivo da tintura vegetal de Matricaria chamomilla utilizando o ensaio de micronúcleo em medula óssea de roedores, n= 6/grupo e o teste em Allium cepa L. Métodos: para a realização do ensaio de micronúcleo foram determinados 6 grupos experimentais, os quais foram administrados: cisplatina (controle positivo), solução salina 0,9 % (controle negativo), álcool etílico 64 % (controle solvente da droga), tintura de Matricaria chamomilla 0,02 e 0,1 µL/g/d proporcionais a 20 e 100 gotas diárias, respectivamente, considerando-se um indivíduo adulto de 75 kg, e dosagem supra-clínica (400 µL/d). Os animais foram expostos a 5 d de tratamento e sacrificados no sexto, com exceção do controle positivo. Para a realização do teste em Allium cepa foram determinados 5 grupos experimentais, os quais foram administrados: água destilada (controle negativo), tintura de Matricaria chamomilla nas concentrações de 1 e 5 mg/mL e álcool 64 % diluído nas mesmas proporções que a tintura (controle solvente da droga 1 e 2). Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que a tintura de Matricaria chamomilla não foi mutagênica, genotóxica e citotóxica nas concentrações testadas, com exceção da dosagem supra-clínica, que apresentou mutagenicidade. Conclusões: a tintura de Matricaria chamomilla quando administrada em dosagens proporcionais às preconizadas para humanos, não demonstrou citotoxicidade e mutagenicidade para camundongos e genotoxicidade em Allium cepa, chamando atenção para seu uso sob cautela em elevadas quantidades.

Introducción: Matricaria chamomilla L. es una planta perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae, cuyo nombre popular es camomila blanca. Sus flores poseen diversas sustancias con propiedades terapéuticas para la cura y prevención de diversos males, entre ellos, malestar gastrointestinal, inflamaciones, estrés e hipertensión. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad citotóxica, genotóxica y mutagénica in vivo de la tintura vegetal de Matricaria chamomilla utilizando el ensayo de micronúcleo en médula ósea de roedores, n= 6/grupo y la prueba en cepa Allium L. Métodos: para la realización del ensayo de micronúcleo fueron determinados grupos experimentales, a los cuales se les administró: cisplatina (control positivo), solución salina 0,9 % (control negativo), alcohol etílico 64 % (control solvente de la droga), tintura de Matricaria chamomilla 0,02 y 0,1 µL/g/d proporcionales a 20 y 100 gotas diarias, respectivamente, partiendo de un individuo adulto de 75 kg y dosificación supraclínica (400 µL/d). Los animales fueron expuestos a 5 d de tratamiento y sacrificados en el sexto, con excepción del control positivo. Para la realización de la prueba en cepa Allium, se determinaron 5 grupos experimentales, a los cuales se les administró agua destilada (control negativo), tintura de Matricaria chamomilla en concentraciones de 1 y 5 mg/L, y alcohol 64 % diluido en las mismas proporciones que la tintura (control solvente de la droga 1 y 2). Resultados: la tintura de Matricaria chamomilla no fue mutagénuca, genotóxica ni citotóxica en las concentraciones probadas, con excepción de la dosificación supraclínica que presentó mutagenicidad. Conclusiones: la tintura de Matricaria chamomilla cuando se administra en dosificaciones proporcionales como las indicadas para humanos, no demostró citotoxicidad ni mutagenicidad en pequeños ratones domésticos ni genotoxicidad en cepa Allium, aunque se recomienda su uso con precaución en elevadas cantidades.

Introduction: Matricaria chamomilla L. is one plant of Asteraceae family, whose common name is white chamomille. Its flowers have different substances with therapeutic properties for healing and prevention of various ailments, among them, gastrointestinal upset, inflammation, stress and hypertension. Objectives: to in vivo evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic activity of Matricaria chamomilla vegetal tincture, using the micronucleus assay in rodent bone marrow (n= 6/group) and the Allium cepa L. test. Methods: for the carrying out of micronucleaus assay, 6 experimental groups were formed and administered: cisplatin (positive control), 0.9 % saline solution (negative control), 64 % alcohol (solvent control drug), Matricaria chamomilla tincture at 0,02 and 0,1 µL/g/d doses, equivalent to 20 and 100 drops daily, respectively, considering an adult (75 kg) and the above-clinical dose (400 µL/d). The animals were exposed to 5 days of treatment, and slaughtered on the sixth, with the exception of positive controls. As for the test in Allium cepa, 5 experimental groups were determined, and administered distilled water (negative control), Matricaria chamomilla in concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL and 64 % diluted alcohol in the same proportions as the tincture (solvent control drug 1 and 2). Results: the results demonstrated that Matricaria chamomilla tincture was neither mutagenic, genotoxic nor citotoxic at tested concentrations, with the exception of the above-clinical dose, which showed mutagenicity. Conclusions: Matricaria chamomile tincture when administered in concentrations proportional to those prescribed to humans, showed neither cytotoxicity nor mutagenicity in mice and just genotoxicity in Allium cepa, paying attention to its careful use in high quantities.