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RESUMEN Fundamento: el melanoma maligno es un tumor con una gran capacidad de invasión y de difícil tratamiento por su elevada agresividad y mortalidad, en este, los estudios morfométricos se hacen necesarios por el valor que aportan en el diagnóstico histológico para mejorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de indicadores morfométricos como el área nuclear, volumen nuclear y factor de forma nuclear. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos de 12 pacientes con el diagnóstico de melanoma maligno de piel en el período septiembre 2015 a septiembre 2017 en la provincia Holguín. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, estos últimos basados en técnicas morfométricas, luego se realizó análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos y se reflejaron en tablas. Resultados: el área y el volumen nuclear muestran valores pequeños. El factor de forma como indicador de pleomorfismo nuclear presentó valores superiores en los casos del estudio que en los descritos en la literatura. Conclusiones: el volumen nuclear muestra valores pequeños, lo que habla a favor de un comportamiento característico de tejido hiperplásico, al igual que el comportamiento del área nuclear, los valores del factor de forma nuclear indican menor pleomorfismo que el descrito en la literatura.
ABSTRACT Background: malignant melanoma is an invasive tumour and difficult to treat due to its high level of mortality and aggressiveness, a morphometry study was required to provide a proper diagnosis of the disease. Objective: to describe the behavior of morphometric indicators as nuclear area, nuclear volume and nuclear shape factor. Methods: a case series study in 12 patients having malignant skin melanoma was carried out, in the period from September 2015 to September 2017 in Holguin Province. Theoretical and empirical methods were used; these last two methods were based on Morphometric techniques. Then a statistical analysis of the information obtained was performed and they were added on a chart. Results: the area and nuclear volume showed low rate. The shape factor showed less levels of pleomorfism than the ones described in specialized literature. Conclusions: when low values of nuclear volume and nuclear area in malignant melanoma are found we are dealing with hyperplastic tissue. The same happens with the incidence of the nuclear area; the values of the nuclear shape factor evidenced less pleomorfi levels than the ones described in specialized literature.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) on the treatment of intraocular tumors. Methods A total of 50 patients with intraocular tumors, including 37 choroidal hemangioma, 2 retinal capillary hemangioma, 5 choroidal osteoma, 4 choroidal melanoma, and 2 retinoblastoma (RB) underwent TTT and were followed up for 1～20 months. Results In 30 patients with choroidal hemangioma (average follow-up was 5.1 months), 29 (96.7%) had pigment scarring in different levels and the retinal detachemnts were partly or completely recovered; 1 had no obvious improvement. The visual acuity was unchanged in 24 (80.0%) patients, improved in 41 (13.3%) and declined in 2 (6.7%). In 2 patients with retinal capillary hemangioma, no effect was found. In 5 eyes (4 patients) with choroidal osteoma (average follow-up was 6 months), no change of the tumor was found in 1 and the atrophic spots were seen in 4; the visual acuity was unchanged in 3, improved in 1 and declined in 1. In 4 patients with choroidal melanoma (average follow-up was 8 months), the tumor was shrunken in 1, unchanged in 2, and enlarged in 1; the visual acuity was unchanged in 2 and declined in 2. In 2 patients with RB, RB was totally shrunken in 1 and partly shrunken in 1. Visual acuity of one child patient who was followed up for 20 months could not be examined, and was unchanged in another one who was followed up for 3 months. No severe complications were found in the patients during the treatment and the follow-up. Conclusions TTT is effective for the treatment of some intraocular tumors except retinal capillary hemangioma. It is a kind of potential treatment for intraocular tumors with few side-effect.
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Objective To evaluate the effectivness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) in B16F10 melanomas in a rabbit model. Methods B16F10 murine melanoma tumor fragments were implanted transclerally into the subchoroidal space of 38 immunosuppressed New Zealand albino rabbits and examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography. When the tumors ranged from 2.0~3.8 mm in height, 30 rabbits were treated by PDT, with intravenous injection of CASPc 5 mg/kg, and irradiation at the wavelength of 675 nm of an argon-pumped dye laser after 24 hours. Light dose ranged from 20 J/cm 2 to 70 J/cm 2. The other 8 animals were treated with light only or photosensitizer only. The animals were followed up for 6~8 weeks. Results The 30 tumor-bearing rabbits were by PDT (laser and CASPc) regressed in 21 animals after treatment. At light doses under 40 J/cm 2, tumor regrowth was observed in 9 animals after two weeks of treatment. In all of the 8 control animals, the tumor-bearing eyes were filled with tumor at the third week after implantation with laser doses of 70 J/cm 2. Conclusion The study suggest that CASPc PDT may be effective in the treatment of B16F10 choroidal melanomas.