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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free anterolateral thigh flap(ALTF) combined with medial plantar flap(MPF) transfer in repairing forefoot and mid-foot degloving injury.Methods:From May, 2016 to November, 2019, 6 patients with forefoot and mid-foot degloving injuries underwent reconstructions using free ALTF combined with MPF. The study included 4 males and 2 females patients with an average of 43 (range, 35-55) years. The size of soft tissue defects was 15 cm×12 cm-19 cm×14 cm. The dimension of the MPF was 8 cm×5 cm-10 cm× 6 cm, and that of ALTF was 16 cm×7 cm-20 cm×8 cm. The ALTF was used to cover the dorsal and lateral foot, the flap artery was anastomosed to the dorsalis pedis artery. The MPF was used to repair the weight-bearing area of the forefoot, the flap artery was anastomosed to the medial plantar artery in recipient site. All patients entered follow-up by outpatient clinic or Wechat for 9-18(mean, 14) months, and the appearance of flap and limb function were recorded.Results:The MPF and ALTF survived uneventfully in all 6 patients, and the wound in donor and recipient areas healed in one stage. At the last follow-up, the flaps had satisfactory contour, the texture of the flaps was soft, the protective sensation was recovered, and the appearance and function of the foot recovered satisfactorily. The Maryland score of reconstructed foot function was considered excellent (90-100) in 4 cases and good (75-89) in 2 cases. The average Maryland score was 91.2.Conclusion:ALTF combined with MPF generated good effect and satisfactory function in repairing forefoot and mid-foot degloving injury.
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Objectives To observe the co-activation phenomenon during exercise fatigue induced by the proximal muscles on the upper limbs.Methods Sixteen undergraduates not majoring in sports participated in this study,and their left arms were chosen as the observed arms and right arms were selected as the weighted arms.The weighted arm was alternatively in the state of relaxation without any load and fatigue after bending and extending elbow joints to uphold a 5 kg dumbbell.However,the observed arm kept weighing a 4 kg dumbbell with 90 degrees elbow flexion until the muscles were exhausted.The surface electromyography of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms was measured using the ME6000.And the integrated surface electromyography (IEMG),root of mean square (RMS),mean power frequency (MPF)and median frequency (MF)were further analyzed.Results The IEMG and RMS of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms increased gradually after the exercise began (P＜0.05)regardless of in the relaxed state or in the in the state of weighing a 5 kg dumbbell for the weighted arm,but in the state of weighting a 5 kg dumbbell the IEMG and RMS increased more significantly (P＜0.01),Meanwhile the electrical activities of the triceps brachii as an antagonistic muscle were intensively inhibited.The changes of MPF and MF of biceps brachii in the observed arms were more significant in the state of exercise fatigue than in the relaxed state (P＜0.01),but without such an impact on the triceps brachii.Conclusions The fatigue in one arm can trigger contingent changes in sEMG time domain and frequency domain indexes of its contralateral parallel muscles,suggesting that sEMG changes of upper limb proximal muscles have the co-activation effect.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the microtubule distribution following control of nuclear remodeling by treatment of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos with caffeine or roscovitine. Bovine somatic cells were fused to enucleated oocytes treated with either 5 mM caffeine or 150 micrometer roscovitine to control the type of nuclear remodeling. The proportion of embryos that underwent premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was increased by caffeine treatment but was reduced by roscovitine treatment (p < 0.05). The microtubule organization was examined by immunostaining beta- and gamma-tubulins at 15 min, 3 h, and 20 h of fusion using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The gamma-tubulin foci inherited from the donor centrosome were observed in most of the SCNT embryos at 15 min of fusion (91.3%) and most of them did not disappear until 3 h after fusion, regardless of treatment (82.9-87.2%). A significantly high proportion of embryos showing an abnormal chromosome or microtubule distribution was observed in the roscovitine-treated group (40.0%, p < 0.05) compared to the caffeine-treated group (22.1%). In conclusion, PCC is a favorable condition for the normal organization of microtubules, and inhibition of PCC can cause abnormal mitotic division of bovine SCNT embryos by causing microtubule dysfunction.