A novel mutation in the WNT6 gene of congenital tooth agenesis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#This article explores the relationship between congenital tooth agenesis and related gene mutations, providing a reference for early diagnosis of the disease.@*Methods @# Clinical and radiographic examinations of a rare case of congenital tooth agenesis were conducted to evaluate the abnormal morphology and quantity of the teeth, as well as the overall health of the patient. Bidirectional sequencing of the PAX9 and MSX1 genes and whole-exome sequencing were conducted to identify potential genetic abnormalities. Sanger sequencing of the newly discovered mutation site was performed on the proband's son. Subsequently, the impacts of the mutations were evaluated through computational tools and a cell-based gene transfection assay. @*Results @#This is a rare case of tooth agenesis characterized by a congenitally missing first molar, a second molar with one single root and a supernumerary second premolar in the right mandibular dentition. The c.717 C>C/T in PAX9 is synonymous. The c.119C>G in MSX1 is a missense mutation predicted to be “benign” by Polyphen. Through whole-exome sequencing, we found a novel mutation, c.637-7 C>A in intron 3 of the WNT6 gene, which is predicted by MAXENT to influence the splicing of mRNA. Both the proband and his son carry this mutation. A cell-based gene transfection assay demonstrated that it did not alter the mRNA splicing of WNT6. @* Conclusion @#The interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to congenital tooth agenesis.

MSX1 Polymorphism in an Eastern Nepalese Non Syndromic cleft lip/palate patient population.

This study was carried out to evaluate the role of MSX1 799 G >T gene polymorphism with non Syndromic cleft lip/palate in Eastern Nepalese patient population. For the study, whole blood samples (2 ml) were obtained from 40 subjects and controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of the subjects by using ethanol, chloroform treatment. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to check for the presence of polymorphism. The results indicated that a patient has MSX1 799 G>T variant. The patient was a male aged 24 years was a complete unilateral left sided cleft lip/palate involving alveolus, hard and soft palate. He had normal development and no associated anomaly. There was no family history of cleft lip/palate and no history of any teratogenic exposure during embryonic life as revealed by his mother. This may be a case of sporadic polymorphism. It may be concluded that ,although we detected the presence of a MSX1 799 G>T polymorphism in one patient, a further investigation with large sample size, including many SNP’s on families must be performed to get conclusive results.

MSX 1 gene variant and non-syndromic clefting: Association or rejection.

Context: Non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) is a congenital anomaly with significant medical, psychological and social ramifications. There is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that locus for this condition can be identified by candidate genes. Aims: The aim of this study is to amplify the chosen region (799 G >T) of MSX 1 gene, investigate the degree of association and perform a mutation research from Raichur cleft lip and palate patient sample. Settings and Design: Case history and clinical examination of the patient were recorded to rule. Written consent was obtained from patients and controls for in vivo study. Study was designed in four steps as follows: Collection of a blood sample Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 50 subjects having NSCL/P and 50 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted, PCR and RFLP was performed for digestion products that were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test with P value at 95% confidence intervals. Results: The results showed a positive correlation between MSX 1 799 G >T gene variant and NSCL/P patients in Raichur patients. Conclusions: From a genetically diverse etiology MSX 1 799 G >T gene variant may be a good screening marker for NSCL/P in Raichur patients.

Análisis mutacional del gen MSX1 en pacientes con FLPNS e hipodoncia / Mutation analysis of MSX1 gene in patients with NSCLP and hypodontia

Introducción. La etiología de la hendidura labio-palatina es compleja e involucra factores genéticos y ambientales. Además de la hendidura, numerosos estudios han reportado la presencia de anomalías dentales en asociación con varias formas de hendidura labial,palatina o ambas; entre estas anomalías se ha encontrado la prevalencia de agenesia dental. La idea de que los mismos factores etiológicos que causan la formación de la hendidura afectan el desarrollo de la dentición, es apoyada por varios autores que proponen al genMSX1 como candidato para estos dos fenotipos. Una mutación nonsense (Ser104stop) en el exon 1 del gen MSX1 se encontró en una familia danesa, en la que unos miembros presentaban agenesia dental o hendidura palatina y otros presentaban las dos entidadesasociadas. A pesar de que se han realizado varios estudios sobre anomalías dentales en pacientes con hendidura labio-palatina y existen estudios que confirman a MSX1 como ungen candidato tanto para hipodoncia como para hendiduras oro-faciales, la interpretación de los resultados ha sido muy compleja. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de la mutación reportada en pacientes colombianos con hendidura labio-palatina e hipodoncia. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 30 pacientes, 22 con hendidura labio-palatina y 8 sólo con hipodoncia, y 60 controles sanos, mediante exámenes clínicos y radiográficos; se les tomaron muestras de sangre por venopunción, se extrajo el ADN y se realizó amplificación por la técnica de PCR del exón 1. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis de restricción. Resultados. De los pacientes con hendidura labio-palatina, 16 presentaron agenesias dentalesfuera y dentro del área de hendidura, la mayoría fueron laterales y premolares superiores. La mayoría de los pacientes con hipodoncia únicamente, presentaron ausencias de incisivos. Además, presentaron otras anomalías dentarias, como micrognatismo, dientes supernumerarios y prognatismo mandibular...

Introduction: The etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip palate is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors. Additional to the fissure itself, numerous studies have reported the presence of dental anomalies with various forms of cleft lip, cleft palate or both. The prevalence of dental agenesis has been found within these anomalies. The idea that the same etiology factors which cause the formation of the cleft affect the dental development is supported by various authors who propose the MSX1 gene to be the candidate for these two phenotypes. A nonsense mutation in the exon 1 of the MSX1 gene was found in a Danish family in which one of the members presented dental agenesis and/or cleft palate and others presented both entities. Although various studies have been associated reported with respect to dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip palate and there are studies which confirm MSX1 as a candidate gene for hypodontia and orofacial fissures, the interpretation of the results has been very complex.Objective: To determine the presence of the mutation reported in Colombian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip palate and hypodontia. Materials and methods: 30 patients, 22 with non-syndromic cleft lip palate and 8 with only hypodontia and 60 healthy patients were clinically and radiographically analyzed. Blood samples were taken through venopunction, the DNA was extracted and the PCR technique was utilized. Afterwords, the restriction analysiswas carried out...

Characteristics of MSX1 gene in Korean nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate individuals / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify the characteristics of the MSX1 gene (locus chromosome 4p16) in Korean nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CL/P), which is assumed to be a major candidate gene acting as a causal factor in nonsyndromic CL/P and missing teeth. METHODS: The 36 individuals (23 males and 13 females) who had visited the department of orthodontics at from 1998 to 2002 and who had nonsyndromic CL/P were included in the study. Using a PCR-based assay, the MSX1 gene was amplified, sequenced, and searched for inferred protein products (Reference: Homo sapiens MSX1, accession number AF426432 and NP_002439). The common single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed. RESULTS: In exon 1, nucleotide "A" of the 253 basepair (bp) region was substituted for "G", and in the 255 bp region, nucleotide "G" was inserted. In exon 2, nucleotide "C" of the 11 bp region was substituted for "A", and "T" or "G" was inserted into the 351 bp region whereas "T" or "A" was inserted into the 352 bp region. In protein analysis, "Thr85Ala" missense mutation was found. The "Thr85Ala" missense mutation in this study is different from those of studies using subjects of other races. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is specific mutation of MSX1 in Korean and it plays an important role in Korean nonsyndromic CL/P. However, any distinct genetic polymorphisms between CL/P with missing teeth in the cleft region and CL/P without missing teeth could not be found.