The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research

ABSTRACT Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practices. Recently, their use has expanded to other cultures. Hallucinogens are natural or synthetic substances that alter the perception of reality at nontoxic doses, producing intense psychological and physiological effects. The initial research on hallucinogens began in the 1950s. However, their non-medical use, studies without proper controls, and negative social opinion resulted in legal restrictions that limited their use for clinical and preclinical research for more than two decades. A renewed interest in studying hallucinogens as potential therapeutic agents for treating different psychiatric conditions has recently re-emerged. This review summarizes the effects of main hallucinogen drugs and their therapeutic potential. Classic hallucinogens such as LSD, dimethyltryptamine, psilocin, and mescaline have chemical structures similar to serotonin and directly activate 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT2A) receptors. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic with antagonist effects at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, indirectly activating 5-HT2A receptors. Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects and reduces suicidal ideation, but its effects are short-lasting. Other hallucinogens are under study. It is necessary to continue this research with a more rigorous methodology and include studying the long-term effects of psychedelics use.

INDIAN ENGLISH DRAMA-A DISCOURSE

Drama is a composite fine art. It is mimetic like any remaining performing expressions in writing literature. It imitates life, specially reflecting the three unities of drama- time, place and action. As Somnath Sarkar says: "It is intended for portrayal on the stage by entertainers who act the parts of the characters of its story, and among whom the account and the discourse are conveyed." India has a long and fertile history in Drama, beginning from Sanskrit plays of Vedic Age. Dramatists of Indian Writing in English have scaled the length and expansiveness of the experimentation in dramaturgy of India during and after independence. To understand the profundities of Indian Drama in English certain characteristics features are to be remembered. Fundamentally, the Indian Writings in English during Modern Age articulate the growing and the all around present authors as well as the impact of Existentialism, Globalization, Surrealism, Dadaism, Magic Realism and the Post Colonial issues. India had been under the provincial shackles for a time span of 300 years and indeed the colonial language and culture had cast its direct shadow on the Indian literary venues.

Evaluation of three different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions Using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance - An in vitro study

Aim: Demineralization can be arrested or reversed when remineralization agents are applied to incipient carious or noncavitated carious lesions. A large number of therapeutic agents, including nonfluoridated products, have been developed to promote enamel remineralization. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions. Materials and Methods: The present in vitro study was conducted on 75 sound premolars divided into three groups of normal, demineralized (n = 15 each), and remineralized teeth (n = 45). The remineralized teeth were further subdivided into three groups (n = 15) as remineralized with 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), 2% NaF, and Psoralea corylifolia (bakuchi) and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Specimens of each group were treated with the above-mentioned remineralizing agents and then subjected to Vickers hardness number (VHN), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) for further evaluation. Results: The test results showed significantly the highest VHN and the emission peak of elements under the EDX test, such as calcium, phosphorous, oxygen, and fluorine with remineralized with NaF + bakuchi. MAS-NMR spectra showed fluorine and phosphorous peak in a group with NaF + bakuchi indicative of the increase in remineralization. NaF + bakuchi showed effective results in VHN, SEM-EDX, and MAS-NMR with no antagonist interaction. Conclusion: Thus, P. Corylifolia presents an advantage in enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization for early carious lesions and can be used as a herbal extract for effective reduction in pathogenic bacteria.

Uma diversão entre a ciência e o ocultismo: os espetáculos de mágica no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX (décadas de 1840- 1880) / An entertainment between the science and the occultism: the magic shows in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro (1840S1880S)

Este estudo objetiva lançar um olhar sobre os espetáculos de artes mágicas promovidos no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX, sugerindo que, por suas características, podem nos permitir perceber algumas peculiaridades nacionais do processo de adesão ao ideário e imaginário da modernidade. Como fontes, foram utilizados revistas e jornais publicados na cidade entre as décadas de 1840 e 1880, período em que mágicos mais amiúde ocuparam os palcos de teatros fluminenses, observando-se um auge e regressão da popularidade desse tipo de divertimento. Na análise/interpretação, consideramos as três dimensões que marcaram, no Brasil e no mundo, os discursos e dinâmicas dessas apresentações: a ciência, o ocultismo, a diversão.

This study aims to take a look at the magical arts spectacles promoted in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro, suggesting that, due to their characteristics, they can allow us to perceive some national peculiarities of the adherence process to the ideals of modernity. As sources, they were used magazines and newspapers published in the city between the 1840s and 1880s, a period in which magicians more often occupied the stages of Rio de Janeiro theatres, with an upswing and regression of this type of entertainment in terms of popularity. For analysis/interpretation, we considered the three dimensions that marked, in Brazil and in the world, the discourses and dynamics of these exhibitions: science, occultism, entertainment.

MacDonald versus MAGIC treatment protocols for gastric cancer: age as a decision factor

Background: A multimodality approach is the standard of care in the treatment of locally advanced non-metastatic gastric cancer. However, it lacks studies that compares the adjuvant chemoradiotherapy strategy of the landmark MacDonald clinical trial with the perioperative chemotherapy strategy of the landmark MAGIC clinical trial.Methods: Retrospective study of patients with gastric cancer stage IB-III treated at a single cancer center between 2010 and 2013 with MacDonald or MAGIC treatment protocols.Results: Sixty-two patients were identified (38 patients in the MacDonald protocol and 24 in the MAGIC protocol), with a mean age of 68 years (range: 39-84). At a median follow-up of 37 months, the DFS survival at 12 and 36 months of the patients in the MacDonald protocol was 83.5% and 61.1% versus 79.2% and 49.7% in the MAGIC protocol, respectively (p=0.319). The overall survival at 12 and 36 months of the patients in the MacDonald protocol was 89.5% and 65.8% versus 83.3% and 54.2% in the MAGIC protocol, respectively (p=0.168). At multivariate analysis, the risk of death was significantly superior in older patients undergoing the MAGIC protocol (p=0.02), but not the MacDonald protocol (p=0.627). The differences in toxicity between the two protocols were not statistically different.Conclusions: This result suggest that patient age is a factor to consider when choosing between the MacDonald or MAGIC protocols. However, the limitations inherent to a retrospective study of small sample size must be accounted for.

Percutaneous Magic screw Fixation for acetabular posterior column fracture: An imaging anatomical study / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the entry point, direction and fixation range of Magic screw for acetabular posterior column fracture. Methods The 3D models of 100 pelvis were reconstructed by Mimics 19. 0 software based on CT data, and the virtual magic screw were placed in acetabular posterior column, then the screw' s entry point were determined, and the direction, length, diameter and safe range were measured respectively. Acetabular posterior column with magic screw was osteotomy modeling by Mimics 19.0 and imported the Geomagic Wrap 2017 software, after that anatomical parameters of the screw path were measured. Results The entry point of Magic screw on bone surface was located at (33. 37±5. 53) mm of the anterior inferior iliac spine moving posteriorly, and ( 13. 40±3. 70) mm of the apex of the upper margin of acetabular moving celphalad in male, which were (33. 97±5. 46) mm and (9. 01±3. 86)mm in female. The posterior inclination angle, interior inclination angle of magic screw and the angle between screw and iliac wing were (57.40±6.57)°, (52. 09±5. 65)° and (15. 21 ±3.42)° in male, which were (55. 64±8. 01)°, ( 51. 55±5. 58)° and (9. 85±3. 68)°in female. The maximum diameter of male screw was (6. 97±0. 98) mm, which was (6. 39±0. 85) mm in female. The length of male screw was (76. 73±9. 20) mm, which was (63. 64±8. 37) mm in female. The safe range of posterior inclination and interior inclination of were ( 7. 19 ± 3. 30)° and (9. 41 ±3. 95)° in male screw with 5.5 mm diameter, which were (8. 37±2. 82)° and ( 10. 32±3. 93)° in female screw with 5. 2 mm diameter. In the direction of the screw, the length range of the posterior column which is fixed by screw was (56. 87±7. 60) mm, and the proportion of fractures fixed with screws which were located on the top of the acetabular was 20/50 in male, which were (41. 71±7. 97) mm and 8/50 in female. Conclusion Percutaneous Magic screw is a minimally invasive treatment for acetabular posterior column fracture, which is difficult to operate. The screw can fix the fracture which is located at the middle and upper part of the acetabular posterior column.

Los Secretos de Cien Años de Soledad: Una Aproximación Estilométrica para la Investigación en Psicolingüística / The Secrets of One Hundred Years of Solitude: A Stylometric Approach for Psycholinguistic Research / Os Segredos de Cem Anos de Solidão: uma Aproximação Estilométrica para a Pesquisa em Psicolinguística

De acuerdo con la estilística y la crítica literarias, Cien Años de Soledad de Gabriel García Márquez, se caracteriza por aludir constantemente a los personajes de la historia y narrar los eventos en tono neutro. En este artículo se utilizan métodos estilométricos para ratificar dichas afirmaciones y proveer nuevas visiones sobre la novela. Estos métodos incluyen, entre otros, el conteo de palabras y de frases, la construcción de árboles de consenso, el cálculo de la polaridad de las oraciones, e índices para cuantificar la complejidad y el nivel de concreción del texto. Los resultados indican la tendencia del autor a emplear, frecuentemente, palabras abstractas y palabras referentes a objetos con los que se puede interactuar físicamente, para producir el efecto lingüístico propio del realismo mágico. Dada la importancia de los hallazgos, se plantean algunas ideas acerca de las implicaciones que la metodología puede tener en áreas de la psicolingüística y de la psicología cognitiva

According to stylistics and literary criticism, One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Márquez is characterized by constant allusion to historical characters and a neutral tone in the narration of events. In this article, stylometric methods are used to support these statements and provide new insights into the novel. These methods include, among others, word and phrase count, the construction of consensus trees, the calculation of the polarity of the sentences, and indexes to quantify the complexity and the level of concreteness of the text. Results show the tendency of the author to frequently employ abstract words and words referring to objects with which one can interact physically, to produce the linguistic effect of magical realism. Given the importance of the findings, the article poses some ideas about the implications that the methodology may have for psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology.

De acordo com a estilística e a crítica literárias, Cem anos de solidão, de Gabriel García Márquez, caracteriza-se por fazer alusão constante aos personagens da história e narrar os eventos sobre o neutro. Neste artigo, utilizam-se métodos estilométricos para validar essas afirmações e oferecer novas visões sobre o romance. Esses métodos incluem, entre outros, a contagem de palavras e de frases, a construção de árvores de consenso, o cálculo da polaridade das orações e os índices para quantificar a complexidade e o nível de concreção do texto. Os resultados indicam a tendência do autor a empregar, com frequência, palavras abstratas e palavras referentes a objetos com os quais se pode interagir fisicamente para produzir o efeito linguístico próprio do realismo mágico. Tendo em vista a importância dos achados, propõem-se algumas ideias acerca das implicações que a metodologia pode ter em áreas da psicolinguística e da psicologia cognitiva.

Cuidando demonios, vampiros, hombres lobos y zombis a lo largo de la historia entre la realidad y la fantasía

Las enfermedades son tan antiguas como el hombre y cada enfermedad presenta una variedad propia de signos y de síntomas, que se ven reflejados en lo físico y en lo mental. Tienen, además, unas repercusiones sociológicas, dependiendo de sus manifestaciones clínicas, el estado del conocimiento actual, la ciencia y la religión, que las tratan de explicar. El objetivo a lo largo de este artículo es contrastar y reflexionar acerca de las explicaciones místicas y científicas de varias enfermedades, que atormentaron a quienes las padecían y a las sociedades, por el desconocimiento que existía hacia ellas y las consecuencias que trajo para quien las padecía. A partir de conceptos definidos por el autor, asociando mitos y enfermedades, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática y temática de literatura científica, donde como resultado, se encontró que esta asociación generó una época de irracionalismo y superstición a lo largo de la historia del hombre, desde la antigüedad hasta la actualidad. Se analizó la depresión y la ansiedad, la epilepsia, la parálisis del sueño, la porfiria, la hipertricosis, la licantropía clínica y la rabia, donde se encontró que estas enfermedades, por su cuadro clínico, dieron lugar a explicaciones erradas y místicas, que llevaron a la sociedad a aislar, rechazar y actuar, de manera violenta, hacia las personas que las sufrían, fomentando mitos, cuentos y leyendas, que fueron reforzados y trasmitidos de generación en generación, en el folclor por la tradición oral, la literatura, el arte y, actualmente, por el cine, la televisión y la Internet.

Diseases are as old as human beings, every disease has a variety of signs and symptoms that are reflected in the physical and mental state, they also have sociological implications depending on their clinical manifestations and the explanations that science and religion gave to why these individuals were affected. The purpose throughout this paper it will be contrasted and reflected the mystical and scientific explanations of different diseases that have plagued humanity through history and the ignorance society have towards them. Concepts were stated by the authors based in mystical and medical explanations, guided methodology an exhaustive literature review using databases, this association generated an era of irrationality and superstition from ancient times to present times. Depression, anxiety, epilepsy, sleep paralysis, porphyria, hypertrichosis, clinical lycanthropy and rabies will be analyzed. Base on their clinical picture, which resulted in erroneous and mystical explanations that led society to isolate, reject and act violently towards patients suffering from these diseases. At the same time society created myths, tales and legends that were reinforced and transmitted from generation to generation by oral tradition, folklore, literature, art and now by films, television and internet.

Comparison of T1rho and T2 Mapping of Knee Articular Cartilage in an Asymptomatic Population

OBJECTIVE: To analyze subregional differences in T1rho (T1ρ) and T2 values and their correlation in asymptomatic knee cartilage, and to evaluate angular dependence with magic angles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six asymptomatic volunteers underwent knee MRI with T1ρ and T2 mapping. T1ρ and T2 values were measured by two radiologists independently, at nine subregions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) cartilage, at angles of ± 0°, 15°, 35°, 55°, 75° respective to a vertical line (B0) bisecting the width of the distal femur, and at two locations in the patella. Subregional values of T1ρ and T2 were analyzed and significant differences in three divided portions of the MFC (anterior, central, and posterior) were statistically evaluated. Correlation between T1ρ and T2 and angular dependence with magic angles were also assessed for statistical significance. RESULTS: T1ρ values were lowest at +15° and highest at -55°. T2 values were lowest at +75° and highest at +35°. Both T1ρ and T2 were higher in superior patella than inferior patella. T1ρ showed significant differences in the three divided portions of the MFC, while T2 showed significant differences only between central and posterior portions. There was a weak correlation between T1ρ and T2 (r = 0.217, p = 0.127). T1ρ showed more angular dependence than T2. CONCLUSION: T1ρ and T2 showed different subregional values and angular dependence in asymptomatic knee cartilage with a weak correlation. Awareness of these differences will aid in assessment of cartilage in a specific subregion of the knee.

Chundú o pusana mala: presentación de un caso de un posible síndrome psiquiátrico cultural no reconocido / Chundu or pusana mala: Case report of a possible non recognized culture-bound syndrome

Los síndromes psiquiátricos culturales implican un grupo de manifestaciones sintomáticas que son identificadas como un trastorno específico en un contexto sociocultural limitado y que pueden o no corresponder a categorías diagnósticas más universales. En Latinoamérica, se han descrito los ataques de nervios, el susto y el mal de ojo como los más frecuentes, figurando en el DSM-IV, DSM-5 y en el GLADP. El presente caso describe los síntomas experimentados por una mujer de 19 años proveniente de la familia indígena Yucuna de la Amazonía colombiana, con un cuadro de ansiedad y alucinaciones que más adelante fue identificado como chundú o pusana mala, un trastorno asociado a la magia de amor hasta ahora no descrito en la literatura científica.

Culture-bound syndromes encompass certain symptoms that are identified as a specific illness in a certain cultural context and might be related or not to a more universal diagnostic category. Some of these syndromes have been described in Latin America, such as ataque de nervios, susto and mal de ojo, which are included in the DSM-IV, DSM-5 and LAGPD. This case describes the symptoms experimented by a 19-year-old indigenous woman from the Amazonian Yucuna ethnic group. Her condition was characterized by anxiety and visual hallucinations identified later as chundú or pusana mala, a culture-bound syndrome associated with love magic that has not been described in the scientific literature.

O jogo da loja mágica. Uma leitura brasileira e ampliação para uso clínico com crianças / The magic shop. A brazilian reinterpretation and expansion for clinical use with children

Trata-se da leitura brasileira, feita por Rodrigues, de um jogo dramático para grupos: A Loja Mágica, criada por J. L. Moreno e adaptada por René Marineau. O jogo, que funciona basicamente por meio de negociações realizadas entre um participante/comprador e o condutor, é detalhado em suas etapas e suas aplicações, utilizando-se em sua adaptação brasileira da metodologia do Teatro de Reprise. As autoras ainda propõem uma ampliação do jogo, relatando um caso clínico do atendimento psicoterápico de uma criança e discutindo seus rápidos resultados. O jogo é especialmente indicado para grupos de adultos, em contextos intimistas, que propiciem uma atmosfera ritualística, e as autoras sugerem boa utilização com grupos de crianças em uma atmosfera lúdica e de descontração.

The article deals with the description of a Brazilian adaptation by Rodrigues of a dramatic play for groups: The Magic Shop, created by J. L. Moreno and adapted by René Marineau. The game, which works primarily through negotiations between a participant/buyer and conductor, is detailed in its steps and applications through the methodology of the Teatro de Reprise. The authors also propose an extension of the game, reporting a case of psychotherapeutic care of a child and discussing its fast results. The game is especially suitable for groups of adults in intimate contexts, which provide a ritualistic atmosphere and the authors suggest good application with groups of children in a playful and relaxed atmosphere.

Dimensiones y alternativas del diagnosticar en la medicina y la psiquiatría: I parte / Dimensions and alternatives in the act of diagnose in medicine and psychiatry: part I

En esta primera de un trabajo concebido en dos partes, se indaga sobre el papel que la sugestión del médico tiene en el acto de diagnosticar, y en el ejercicio de la medicina. Lo que hoy llamamos sugestión será expuesto con más detalle en la segunda parte; en el actual se pretende asimilarla con los que los hipocráticos llamaban la magia, actitud frente a la medicina que repudiaron explícita y reiteradamente, lo que es aprehensible en los textos que nos legaron, porque el médico, y secundariamente el paciente, estaban, a su juicio, particularmente expuestos a caer en sus redes.

In this first, of a work conceived in two parts, it is investigated the role that have the suggestion in the physician in the act of diagnose and in the practice of medicine. What we now call suggestion will be presented in more detail in the second part; the current aims to assimilate with that the clubbing called the magic, attitude toward hipocratic medicine repudiated explicitly and repeatedly, what is apprehensible in the texts that we have bequeathed us, because the doctor, and secondarily secondarily the patient, were, in his view, particularly liable to fall into their networks.

Metabolic features of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis / 中华胰腺病杂志

ObjectiveTo study the metabolite features of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in rats.MethodsA total of 22 Wistar rats were divided into ANP group (n =7 ),CP group (n =6) and the control group (n =9).ANP model was induced peritoneous injection of 20％ Larginine,and the rats were sacrificed 12 hours later.CP model was induced by intravenously injection of DBTC (8 mg/kg body weight),and the rats were sacrificed after 2 months.The rats in the control group received same amount of saline.Serum amylase was determined and pancreatic tissues were pathologically examined.Metabolic changes of pancreatic tissues in vitro were studied by high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR ),and analyzed by using principal components analysis (PCA).Characteristic metabolites of ANP and CP were compared. Results Compared with the control group,increased leucine,iso-leucine and valine levels were observed in ANP group,however,the opposite trends were observed in CP group.Phosphocholine,glycerophosphocholine,choline levels were increased and fatty acids,lactate,betaine,glycine levels were decreased in both ANP and CP groups.The lipid content in CP group were significantly higher than that in ANP group and the increased taurine was only observed in CP group. Conclusions There were obvious metabolic features in pancreatic tissue in rats with pancreatitis disorders,and the increased taurine could be used as biomarker to discriminate ANP and CP.

Applications of high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in tumor metabonomics research / 第二军医大学学报

The high resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (HRMAS) can be directly used to examine in vitro tissues, needing no extracting and separating procedures. Moreover, it can enhance signal intensity and improve resolution of images. HRMAS can directly obtain the structural and conformational information (molecular level) of in vitro tumor samples of the brain, liver, kidney, and lung, which gives it a bright future in early diagnosis of tumors. The present paper mainly reviews the applications of HRMAS in tumor metabonomics research.

Niosomal drug delivery system: The magic bullet.

The concept of drug targeting or site specific drug delivery was introduced first time by Paul Elrich in 1909, when he reported ‘magic bullet’ to deliver a drug to the desired site of action without affecting the non target organs or tissues (Juliano, 1980) by associating the drug with a pharmacologically “inactive carrier” capable of conveying the drug selectively towards its target cells. The methods of preparation of niosomes such as hand shaking, ether injection and sonication (developed on the basis of liposome production technique) have been reviewed by Khandare et al., 1994. The hand shaking method form vesicles with greater diameter [0.35 – 13􀀀m] as compared to those prepared by ether injection method [50-1000nm]. The film formation method was used for the preparation of the niosomes due to simplicity, reproducibility and high drug entrapment efficiency.

High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic in the grading of chronic pancreatitts in rats / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To observe the metabolic characteristics of an experimental model of chronic pancreatitis,and to investigate its role in the grading of chronic pancreatitis.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were injected with dibutyltin chloride (DBTC) solution (8mg/kg) via the tail vein to establish the experimental model of chronic pancreatitis.The 36 rats were divided into 6 groups with 6 rats in each group.On0,7,14,21,28,35 days after modeling,rats was sacrificed and pancreatic tissue of the rats was harvested,and a small part was used for pathologic study,the majority part was kept at-80℃ under liquid nitrogen freezing.Metabolites of pancreatic tissue were determined by high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (HR-MAS NMRS).On the basis of the abnormal structure,tubular complexes,gland atrophy,fibrosis,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration,chronic pancreatitis was graded.Results Pathologic study showed the severity of chronic pancreatitis gradually increased with time after modeling.The 7th,14th day after modeling,the pancreatic change was mild chronic pancreatitis; the 21st,28th,35th day,the pancreatic change was changed into severe chronic pancreatitis.Principal component analysis of HR-MAS NMRS showed that the betaine (Bet) and choline ( Cho)-contained components were significantly increased in severe chronic pancreatitis; while aspartate (Asp),lactate (Lac),isoleucine/leucine/valine (I/L/V) and fatty acid (FA) were significantly reduced when compared with those in mild chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue.There was no significant difference in the amount of metabolic characteristics between mild chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue.Conclusions HRMAS NMRS was helpful in distinguishing the severe chronic pancreatitis from mild chronic pancreatitis.

A mágica do jogo e o potencial do brincar / The magic of games and the potential of play

A invenção do computador introduziu a tecnologia digital e o que pode ser considerado o brinquedo e jogo mais complexo criado até hoje: o jogo eletrônico. As novas mídias são interativas, imediatas, oferecem narrativas não lineares, e ambientes onde pode haver interconexão entre o mundo "real" e o "virtual". Essas características propiciam a expansão de um espaço "mágico", onde o jogador pode se comunicar e interagir simultaneamente com outros jogadores e personagens virtuais inteligentes, e participar de narrativas "incertas" - sem começo, meio, e fim pré-definidos - nas quais age como colaborador e co-autor da experiência. O presente artigo discute o potencial dos jogos eletrônicos, estendendo a reflexão para além das retóricas de diversão e progresso em voga nos estudos atuais sobre a questão. Entre os pontos extremos da paidia do brincar informal e do ludus do jogo formal, existe uma vasta área intermediária a ser explorada. A teoria de um espaço potencial, situado entre o mundo interno do jogador e a realidade que lhe é externa, introduzida por D.W. Winnicott, oferece um modelo conceitual que expande as fronteiras oferecidas pelo conceito de círculo mágico de Huizinga. A partir desse olhar, o trabalho discute a complexa "mágica" dos jogos eletrônicos, o espaço potencial do brincar criativo, e propõe um interjogo saudável entre designer e jogador.

The invention of digital technology introduced the most complex toy and game ever created: the video game. This new mediums is interactive, immediate, and offers non-linear narratives and environments where "real" and "virtual" worlds can be interconnected. These characteristics contribute to the expansion of the game's "magic" circle into a potential space where the player can communicate, act and interact in real-time with other players and artificially intelligent virtual characters. Through "uncertain" narratives, where the beginning, middle and end are not entirely pre-determined, players can collaborate and have co-authorship of the experience. The article explores the potential of videogames beyond the in-vogue rhetorics of fun and progress for entertainment and serious games. Between the two extremes in the axis paidia and ludus, or the informality of unstructured play and the formality of rule-based games, there is a vast intermediary area to be explored. The theory of a potential space, between what is internal and external to the player, introduced by D.W. Winnicott, offers a conceptual model that expands the borders of Huizinga´s magic circle. From this perspective, the article discusses the complex "magic" of videogames, the "potential space" of creative play, and proposes a healthy inter-game between designer and player.

Magic Perm Alopecia / 대한피부과학회지

A 7 year-old girl had developed multiple bald patches on her scalp for two months and was treated as alopecia areata or trichotillomania at another institution. Biopsy findings of the scalp lesion showed catagen follicles, trichomalacia and pigment clumps in the hair canals with little inflammatory cell infiltrates. Careful history revealed the patient had had "a magic perm" - a hair-straightening perm - one month before the bald patch began to develop. The condition could be called "a magic perm alopecia" as a form of cosmetic traumatic alopecia. The alopecic lesions showed further extension for three to four months. The lesions were beginning to recover five months after they first developed.

O universo mágico das curas: o papel das práticas mágicas e feitiçarias no universo do Mato Grosso setecentista / The magic universe of cures: the role of magic practices and witchcraft in the universe of 17th century Mato Grosso

Analisa papel de agentes de cura exercido pelos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria na sociedade mato-grossense do século XVIII. Observa que magia e feitiçaria foram desenvolvidas como concorrentes, alternativas ou associadas a outras formas de cura (oficiais e leigas). Aponta que tais papéis contribuíram no processo de sujeição de seus praticantes, em especial africanos, indígenas e seus descendentes, e foram apropriados como oportunidade de sobrevivência na sociedade colonial escravista. A visita pastoral realizada por Bruno Pinna em 1785 a Cuiabá e adjacências serviu como fonte principal para o conhecimento das práticas e dos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria.

The article analyzes the role of healing agents played by practitioners of magic and witchcraft in Mato Grosso society during the 17th century. It observes that magic and witchcraft were developed as competitors, alternatives or associated with other forms of healing (official and lay). It points out how such roles contributed to the process of subjugating its practitioners, especially Africans, Indians and their descendents, and were appropriated as an opportunity for survival in the colonial slave society. The pastoral visit made by Bruno Pinna in 1785 to Cuiabá and nearby areas served as the principal source of knowledge regarding the practices and practitioners of magic and witchcraft.