Impacto de rehabilitación física y sistema súper inductivo generando magnetismo en fractura postquirúrgica de tobillo: Reporte de caso / Impact of physical rehabilitation and super inductive system by generating magnetism in postsurgical ankle fracture: A case report

Las fracturas pueden producir impotencia funcional, deformidad, hematoma, entumecimiento, dolor y cosquilleo. Muchas requieren cirugía y rehabilitación física por personal calificado y equipos adecuados. El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar la rehabilitación física y el sistema súper inductivo de alta intensidad como tratamiento en fractura postquirúrgica. La paciente de 46 años, sufre caída de propia altura fracturándose la tibia y peroné derechos, confirmado el diagnóstico, se le realiza la reducción abierta más fijación interna, recibe el alta con férula suropédica que se retira seis semanas después, inicia marcha con apoyo parcial progresivo con incremento de dolor eva 6/10, limitación de la movilidad y edema bimaleolar. La radiografía muestra solución de continuidad del maléolo tibial con material de osteosíntesis. Recibe propuesta terapéutica no invasiva, suspensión de la carga, rehabilitación física por cinco semanas más sistema súper inductivo de alta intensidad tres veces por semana. A la valoración radiográfica de tobillo derecho postero anterior, lateral, y oblicua, presenta reducción correcta del maléolo tibial, la flexión, extensión, inversión y eversión son valorables sin dolor ni edema. Se puede concluir que la rehabilitación y el sistema súper inductivo de alta intensidad con campos electromagnéticos de alta potencia, sí bioestimula la reparación ósea, también acelera el plazo de osteosíntesis con reducción del dolor logrando la recuperación funcional en la paciente.

Fractures can cause functional impotence, deformity, bruising, numbness, pain, and tingling. Many require surgery and physical rehabilitation provided by qualified personnel and adequate equipment. The objetive of this study was to apply physical rehabilitation and high intensity super inductive system as a treatment for postsurgical fracture. A 46-year-old woman suffered a fall from her own height, fracturing the right tibia and fibula, and, an open reduction plus internal fixation was performed, afer confirming the diagnosis. She wadischarged with a south-pedic splint, which was removed 6 weeks later the patient, began to walk with progressive partial support with 6/10 increased eva pain, limitation of mobility and bimalleolar edema. e radiograph shows a solution of continuity of the tibial malleolus with osteosynthesis material. She receives a non-invasive therapeutic proposal, suspension of the load, physical rehabilitation for 5 weeks, and a high intensity super inductive system 3 times a week. Radiographic evaluation of the right ankle anterior, lateral, and oblique shows correct reduction of the tibial malleolus. Flexion, extension, inversion and eversion are assessable without pain or edema. Rehabilitation and high intensity super inductive system with high power electromagnetic fields, biostimulate bone repair and accelerates bone treatment, relieving pain. It can be concluded that the rehabilitation and the high-intensity super-inductive system with high-power electromagnetic fields, biostimulates bone repair, and accelerates the osteosynthesis period with pain reduction, achieving functional recovery of the patient.

Pluralismo e dissensão: o magnetismo animal em debate no Portugal de meados de Oitocentos / Pluralism and dissent: animal magnetism in debate in Portugal in the mid-nineteenth century

Resumo Em meados do século XIX, em Portugal, discutiu-se, com relativa intensidade, medicina e sistemas médicos alternativos e complementares, quer na imprensa periódica especializada, quer em alguns jornais de cunho generalista. Desses sistemas médicos, que emergiram com vigor no Portugal do Romantismo, um parece ter gerado especial debate: o magnetismo animal. O presente artigo, em perspectiva comparada, visa resgatar o alcance histórico desse sistema clínico, analisando a curiosidade popular e especializada em torno dessa terapia. Finalmente, contextualizar-se-ão as querelas literárias e institucionais que o magnetismo animal desencadeou no período.

Abstract In mid-nineteenth century Portugal, alternative and complementary medical systems and medicine were discussed with relative intensity in the specialized press and in some mainstream newspapers. One of these medical systems, which gained ground during Portugal's romantic era, seems to have sparked particular debate: animal magnetism. A comparative approach is taken to review the historical scope of this healing system, analyzing popular and specialized curiosity regarding this therapy. Finally, the literary and institutional disagreements that animal magnetism unleashed during the period are contextualized.

Desarrollo de un sistema microfluidico (lab-on-a-chip) accesible y de bajo costo para detección de células tumorales circulantes de cáncer de mama / Development of an accessible and low-cost micro-fluidic system (lab-on-a-chip) for detecting circulating breast cancer tumor cells

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar un sistema microfluídico (lab-on-a-chip) para la detección de células tumorales circulantes de cáncer de mama (CTCs). Materiales y métodos: se diseñó el dispositivo en 3D y se fabricó usando fotolitografía suave y una cortadora láser. Se evaluó el funcionamiento del sistema y del arreglo magnético usando células Jurkat y células de cáncer de mama que poseen diferente expresión de los marcadores superficiales CD45 y EpCAM. Los anticuerpos contra los marcadores fueron unidos a perlas magnéticas. Adicionalmente se usaron nanopartículas de hierro para evaluar su atrapamiento. Resultados: las nanopartículas lograron atraparse de manera significativa en el área propuesta por el modelamiento de campos magnéticos. Las células tumorales marcadas con los anticuerpos magnéticos quedaron atrapadas. Conclusiones: se logró fabricar un lab-on-a-chip capaz de atrapar CTCs generando una excelente herramienta de diagnóstico y de análisis de la progresión de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objective. to develop a microfluidic system (lab-on-a-chip) for detecting circulating breast cancer tumor cells. Materials and methods . the device was designed using 3D technology, and it was manufactures using soft photolithography and a laser cutting machine. The system performance and its magnetic settings were assessed using Jurkat cells and breast cancer cells that show different expression of CD45 and EpCAM surface markers. Antibodies against these markers were bound to magnetic pellets. Additionally, iron nanoparticles were used for assessing their entrapment. Results . nanoparticles were significantly trapped in the area set by magnetic field modeling. Tumor cells labeled with magnetic antibodies became trapped. Conclusions . we were able to manufacture a lab-on-a-chip system that is capable to trap circulating breast cancer tumor cells, which may become an excellent tool for diagnosis and follow-up for this condition.

Cultura científica, magnetismo y espiritismo durante fines del siglo XIX en Buenos Aires: un análisis desde Ovidio Rebaudi / Scientific culture, magnetism and spiritualism during the end of the 19th century in Buenos Aires: an analysis from Ovidio Rebaudi

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar a un personaje remarcable del escenario cultural y científico de Buenos Aires de fines de siglo, el director de la Revista Magnetológica: Ovidio Rebaudi (1860-1931), renombrado químico así como adherente al espiritismo y el magnetismo. La vida y obra del mismo, oriundo de Paraguay y radicado en Argentina, resulta de utilidad para comprender cómo actores de filiación científica practicaban y defendían, al mismo tiempo, la hipnosis y el magnetismo. De hecho, Rebaudi dedicó gran parte de su vida a estudiar y conceptualizar acerca de los fenómenos sobrenaturales, llevando a cabo también curaciones magnéticas y diversas experiencias espiritistas, siempre dotando sus prácticas de cientificidad. El presente artículo analiza a este personaje de fin de siglo que abogaba, al mismo tiempo, por las prácticas científicas y por el estudio de lo sobrenatural. Entendemos que dicho análisis servirá para iluminar las zonas de mixtura y entrelazamiento entre terrenos tan disímiles como el científico y el de las energías y fluidos magnéticos.

The aim of this paper is to analyze a remarkable character of Buenos Aires cultural and scientific scenario during the end of the century, the producer of the Revista Magnetológica (Magazine of magnetism) Ovidio Rebaudi (1860-1931), a well-known chemist and follower of magnetism and spiritualism. The life and work of this chemist, native of Paraguay and resident of Argentina, seem useful to understand how scientific actors held and protect hypnotic and magnetic practices. In fact, Rebaudi dedicated a great part of his life to the study and conceptualization of supernatural phenomena, performing magnetic healings and diverse spiritualist experiments, enduing their practices with scientific attributes. This paper intends to analyze this end-of-the-century character, who pleaded for scientific practices on the one hand, and for supernatural studies on the other. We understand that this analysis could enlighten some mixture zones and interweaved soils between the scientific and the magnetic grounds.

Hipnosis y magnetismo en la Revista Magnetológica (1897-1903) / Hypnotism and magnetism in revista magnetológica (1897-1903)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar una fuente poco estudiada hasta el presente, la Revista Magnetológica publicada por una sociedad conformada principalmente por adherentes al espiritismo y la teosofía en Buenos Aires. El contenido de la revista ofrece evidencias muy valiosas sobre la manera en que actores sociales ajenos al campo médico tradicional abordaron teórica y prácticamente la hipnosis y el magnetismo en el cambio de siglo. En efecto, los magnetólogos de Buenos Aires no sólo elaboraron complejas conceptualizaciones sobre esos fenómenos, sino que también pusieron en práctica curaciones magnéticas cuyos detalles fueron difundidos des-de las páginas de la revista. Nuestro cometido es analizar algunos aspectos puntuales de esa publicación: de un lado, el modo en que los magnetólogos se posicionaron en relación a los médicos de la ciudad, y de otro, sus estrategias de autolegitimación.

The aim of this article is to analyze a source that has not been deeply studied yet: the Magnetologic Magazine (Revista Magnetológica)published by a society mainly composed of adherents of spiritualism and theosophy in Buenos Aires. The content of the magazine offers valuable evidence about the way in which social actors -who were foreign to the medical traditional field- theoretically and practically approached hypnosis and magnetism at the end of the century. In fact, magnetists from Buenos Aires not only developed complex conceptualizations of these phenomena, but also implemented magnetic cures which details were spread throughout the pages of the magazine. Our task is to analyze some specific aspects of this publication: on the one hand, how the magnetists were placed in relation to the doctors of the city, and on the other, their strategies of self-legitimation.

Fístula intestinal após ingestão de magnetos / Intestinal fistula after magnets ingestion

Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies has become more common due to increased availability of objects and toys with magnetic elements. The majority of them traverse the gastrointestinal system spontaneously without complication. However, ingestion of multiple magnets may require surgical resolution. The case of an 18-month girl who developed an intestinal fistula after ingestion of two magnets is reported.

A ingestão acidental de corpo estranho magnético tem sido mais observada, devido à disponibilidade cada vez maior de brinquedos e objetos com imãs. A maioria deles é eliminada pelo trato digestivo espontaneamente. Porém, a ingestão de duas ou mais peças podem desencadear situações de resolução cirúrgica. Relatamos aqui o caso de uma menina de 18 meses que desenvolveu fístula intestinal após a ingestão de 2 peças imantadas.

How electricity was discovered and how it is related to cardiology / Cómo se llegó al descubrimiento de la electricidad y su utilización en cardiología

We relate the fundamental stages of the long road leading to the discovery of electricity and its uses in cardiology. The first observations on the electromagnetic phenomena were registered in ancient texts; many Greek and Roman writers referred to them, although they provided no explanations. The first extant treatise dates back to the XIII century and was written by Pierre de Maricourt during the siege of Lucera, Italy, by the army of Charles of Anjou, French king of Naples. There were no significant advances in the field of magnetism between the appearance of this treatise and the publication of the study De magnete magneticisque corporibus (1600) by the English physician William Gilbert. Scientists became increasingly interested in electromagnetic phenomena occurring in certain fish, i.e., the so-called electric ray that lived in the South American seas and the Torpedo fish that roamed the Mediterranean Sea. This interest increased in the 18th century, when condenser devices such as the Leyden jar were explored. It was subsequently demonstrated that the discharges produced by ''electric fish'' were of the same nature as those produced in this device. The famous ''controversy'' relating to animal electricity or electricity inherent to an animal's body also arose in the second half of the 18th century. The school of thought of the physicist Volta sustained the principle of a single electrical action generated by metallic contact. This led Volta to invent his electric pile, considered as the first wet cell battery. Toward the middle of the XIX century, the disciples of the physiologist Galvani were able to demonstrate the existence of animal electricity through experiments exploring the so-called current of injury. On the path of Volta's approach, many characteristics of electricity were detailed, which ultimately led to their usage in the industrial field. The route followed by Galvani-Nobili-Matteucci led to the successes of Waller, Einthoven, etcetera, enabling the modern conquests of electro-vectorcardiography.

Se relatan las etapas fundamentales del largo camino que llevó al descubrimiento de la electricidad y su utilización en cardiología. Las primeras observaciones de fenómenos electromagnéticos se realizaron en la antigüedad clásica y se señalaron por autores griego-romanos, aunque no podían ser interpretados correctamente. Sólo en el siglo XIII apareció un escrito de Pierre de Maricourt, redactado durante el sitio de Lucera, en Italia Meridional, por las huestes de Carlos de Anjou, rey francés de Nápoles. Entre la redacción de este ensayo y la publicación del tratado De magnete magneticisque corporibus (1600) por el médico inglés William Gilbert, no hubo avances importantes en el campo del electromagnetismo. Pero los investigadores comenzaron a interesarse en los fenómenos electromagnéticos que se producían en ciertos peces, por ejemplo la llamada anguila eléctrica, que vivía en los mares de Sudamérica, y también en el pez Torpedo morador del mar Mediterráneo. Tal interés aumentó a mediados del siglo XVIII, cuando se elaboraron condensadores del tipo de la llamada botella de Leyden. Pudo demostrarse, por tanto, que las descargas de los ''peces eléctricos'' son del mismo tipo de las que pueden producirse en dicho aparato. En la segunda mitad del siglo mencionado, se originó la famosa ''controversia'' acerca de la llamada electricidad animal, o sea de la electricidad inherente al cuerpo de animales. La línea de los investigadores de la escuela del físico Volta, sustentaba la existencia de la sola electricidad ''de contacto'' entre cables metálicos. Esto llevó a su jefe a lograr el invento de la pila eléctrica. Los discípulos del fisiólogo Galvani llegaron a demostrar hacia mediados del siglo XIX, la existencia de una verdadera electricidad animal en forma de corriente de lesión. Por el camino de Volta, se llegó a detectar muchas características de la electricidad, lo que permitió su utilización esencialmente en campo industrial. Por la vía Galvani-Nobili-Matteucci, se llegó a los éxitos de Waller, Einthoven, entre otros, lo que hizo posible lograr las modernas conquistas de la electrovectocardiografía.

Magnetohyperthermia for treatment of gliomas: experimental and clinical studies / Magnetohipertermia para o tratamento de gliomas: estudos experimentais e clínicos

Gliomas comprise a group of heterogeneous primary tumors of the central nervous system that originate from glial cells. Malignant gliomas account for the majority of primary malignant CNS tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant glioma, and despite recent advances in diagnosis and new treatment options, its prognosis remains dismal. New opportunities for the development of effective therapies for malignant gliomas are urgently needed. Magnetohyperthermia consists of heat generation in the region of the tumor through the application of magnetic nanoparticles subjected to an alternating magnetic and has shown positive results in both preclinical and clinical assays. The aim of this review was to assess the relevance of hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles in treating gliomas and to describe possible variations of the technique and its implication in the effectiveness of treatment. An electronic search in the literature of articles published from January 1990 to November 2009 was performed, in databases ISI Web of Science and PubMed, and after screening according to the inclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected. Animal models showed that magnetohyperthermia was effective in promoting tumor cell death and reducing tumor mass or increasing survival of the animals. One clinical study demonstrated that magnetohyperthermia could be applied safely and with few adverse effects. Some studies suggested that mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and antitumor immune response were triggered by magnetohyperthermia. Based on these data, it was concluded that the technique proved to be effective in most experiments, and improvement of the nanocomposites, as well as of the alternating magnetic equipment, can contribute towards establishing magnetohyperthermia as a promising tool to treat malignant gliomas.

Gliomas compõem um grupo de tumores primários heterogêneos do sistema nervoso central (SNC) derivados de células gliais. Gliomas malignos representam a maioria dos tumores primários malignos do SNC e estão associados a índices altos de morbidade e mortalidade. Glioblastoma é o glioma mais frequente e maligno e, apesar dos avanços recentes no diagnóstico e das novas opções de tratamento, seu prognóstico permanece obscuro. Novas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de terapias efetivas para gliomas malignos são urgentemente necessárias. A magnetohipertermia, a qual consiste na geração de calor na região do tumor por meio da aplicação de nanopartículas magnéticas submetidas a um campo magnético alternado, tem apresentado resultados positivos em testes pré-clínicos e clínicos. O objetivo desta revisão foi verificar a relevância da hipertermia induzida por nanopartículas magnéticas no tratamento de gliomas e notar as possíveis variações da técnica e sua implicação na efetividade do tratamento. Realizamos uma busca eletrônica na literatura científica de publicações de Janeiro de 1990 a Novembro de 2009, nos bancos de dados ISI Web of Science e PubMed e, após a aplicação do critério de inclusão, obtivemos um total de 11 artigos. Estudos baseados em modelos animais demonstraram que a magnetohipertermia foi efetiva em promover a morte celular tumoral e reduzir a massa do tumor ou aumentar a sobrevida dos animais. Um estudo clínico mostrou que a magnetohipertermia pode ser aplicada seguramente e com poucos efeitos adversos. Alguns estudos sugerem que mecanismos de morte celular, tais como apoptose, necrose e resposta imune antitumoral foram desencadeadas por magnetohipertermia. Com base nesses dados podemos concluir que a magnetohipertermia foi efetiva na maioria dos experimentos e que o aperfeiçoamento dos nanocompostos, assim como dos equipamentos de campo magnético alternado, podem contribuir para o estabelecimento da magnetohipertermia como uma ferramenta promissora no tratamento dos gliomas malignos.

Eficacia del uso de ozonoterapia, magnetismo y electroestimulación en pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria y glaucoma / Effectiveness of the ozone therapy, magnetism and electrostimulation in patients with pigmentary retinosis and glaucoma

Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la eficacia terapéutica en 21 pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria asociada a glaucoma, atendidos en la Clínica de Retinosis Pigmentaria de Santiago de Cuba desde mayo del 2008 hasta igual mes del 2009. Los valores de agudeza visual, campo visual y tomografía del nervio óptico permitieron medir la eficacia de los tratamientos con ozono, magnetismo y electroestimulación, al comparar los resultados de las cuantificaciones visuales obtenidos al mes con los efectuados antes de iniciar la terapéutica. Prevalecieron el glaucoma crónico de ángulo abierto y la retinosis típica de herencia autosómica recesiva, así como los procedimientos consistentes en trabeculectomía y cirugía revitalizadora temporal, respectivamente, con mejorías o estabilidad del cuadro clinico, confirmadas a través de las modificaciones en los parámetros luego de aplicada la triple terapia. Se produjeron cambios favorables en la mayoría de los integrantes de la casuística.

A study of evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness in 21 patients with pigmentary retinosis associated to glaucoma was carried out. They were assisted in the Pigmentary Retinosis Clinic of Santiago de Cuba from May, 2008 to May, 2009. The values of visual acuity, visual field and tomography of the optic nerve allowed to measure the effectiveness of the treatments with ozone, magnetism and electrostimulation, when comparing the results of the visual quantifications obtained within a month with those made before beginning the therapy. The chronic glaucoma of open angle and the typical retinosis of autosomal recessive inheritance prevailed, as well as procedures such as trabeculectomy and revitalizing temporary surgery, respectively, with improvements or stability of the clinical pattern, confirmed through the modifications in the parameters after having applied the triple therapy. Favorable changes took place in most of the members of the case material.

Reflexões sobre o magnetismo animal: contribuições para revisão da história da psicologia / Reflections on animal magnetism: contributions to a review of the history of psychology

Este artigo procura fornecer subsídios para uma alternativa de compreensão histórica sobre o magnetismo animal, de modo a realçar sua importância na construção da psicologia. Nesse sentido, busca-se enfatizar o papel das instituições e práticas sociais que influenciaram de forma decisiva a condenação desta proposta. Na mesma linha de reflexão, visa-se também destacar algumas das incompatibilidades epistemológicas com o projeto moderno de ciência, que também contribuíram significativamente para a rejeição do magnetismo animal. Por fim, o artigo é concluído com uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de revisão da noção de ciência presente nas referências dominantes da história da psicologia, que, geralmente, restringem-se a questões lineares e metodológicas e desprezam os processos intersubjetivos e sociais que atuam na construção desta área de conhecimento.

The present article intends to provide support for an alternative to a historical understanding of animal magnetism, highlighting its importance in the construction of psychology. Accordingly, the article attempts to emphasize the role of social institutions and practices which have had a decisive influence on the denunciation of such proposals. Along the same line of thinking, it also aims to highlight some of the epistemiological incompatibilities that lie in the modern science project, which have also contributed significantly to the rejection of animal magnetism. Finally, the article ends by reconsidering the need for a review on the very notion of science existing in the main reference works on the history of psychology, which are generally limited to methodological and linear issues and therefore disregard the inter-subjective and social processes at work in the construction of psychology as a science.

Sobre a condenação do magnetismo animal: revisitando a história da psicologia / On the condemnation of animal magnetism: reviewing the history of psychology

O presente trabalho procura desenvolver uma reflexão crítica sobre o processo de condenação do magnetismo animal. Partindo de uma crítica às versões lineares e progressistas da história da Psicologia, nas quais o magnetismo é excluído ou pouco explorado, o artigo busca atingir dois objetivos. Primeiramente, questionar alguns dos pressupostos típicos das versões históricas dominantes, como a idéia de que o magnetismo não teria resistido às exigências da metodologia científica. Em segundo lugar, oferecer uma alternativa de compreensão deste processo calcada na idéia de que a rejeição ao magnetismo animal ocorreu, em parte, devido à oposição de princípios epistemológicos existente entre este e o projeto moderno de ciência. O artigo é concluído destacando o caráter acidental do nascimento do espaço psicológico a partir desta condenação, a diversidade de razões nela presentes e questiona a noção de progresso típico ao projeto moderno de ciência que inspirou o nascimento da Psicologia.

The following article intends to develop a critical reflection about the process of condemnation of animal magnetism. From a critical stand to the linear and progressive versions of the history of Psychology, in which magnetism is excluded or little explored, the article seeks to achieve two objectives. First, to question a few typical surmises of the dominant historical version, such as the idea that animal magnetism would not have resisted the requirements of scientific methodology. Second, to provide an alternative to comprehend the process based on the idea that the rejection of animal magnetism occurred in part, due to the opposition of existing epistemological principles between this and the modern project of science. The article concludes by pointing out the accidental character of the birth of the psychological field as from that condemnation, the adversity of reasons that it complies, and questions the notion of typical progress to the modern project of science that inspired the birth of Psychology.