RESUMEN
Esta Norma Técnica tem por objetivo estabelecer as orientações necessárias para a determinação da presença de bactérias coliformes totais no leite humano ordenhado pasteurizado, visando a garantia da qualidade em Bancos de Leite Humano e sua certificação.
Esta Norma Técnica tiene por objetivo establecer las orientaciones necesarias para determinar la presencia de bacterias coliformes totales en la leche humana pasteurizada, con el fin de garantizar la calidad de los Bancos de Leche Humana y su certificación.
Asunto(s)
Control de Calidad , Técnicas Microbiológicas/normas , Bancos de Leche Humana/normas , Coliformes , Extracción de Leche Materna/métodos , Pasteurización/normas , Leche Humana/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Ending the nineteenth century the King of England sent Captain Bligh with orders to take from Tahiti to Jamaica plants of the breadfruit tree, searching for a chip and nutritive food for his slaves in the New World. The first voyage failed because the famous Bounty's mutiny; in the second, with the Providence and the Assistance, Bligh did successfully his task and today the tree growths well all around the Caribbean Sea, being not only a popular food, but also, in hands of a good chef, a gourmet's dish.
Asunto(s)
Artocarpus , Polinesia , Océanos y MaresRESUMEN
Xylanase and mannanase are two hemicellulases,which are widely used in many fields.To improve the expression of thermostable xylanase DSB and thermostable mannanase ManA in Pichia pastoris,three endogenous signal peptides of Pichia pastoris(Scw1 1,Dse4 and Exg1) were chosed.Their capability to mediate the secretion of DSB and ManA with that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor were compared.In shake-flask cultivation,three endogenous signal peptides and α-factor efficiently mediated the secretion of DSB and ManA,but the secretion efficiency has obvious difference.As for DSB,the expression efficiency of α-factor was much higher than three endogenous signal peptides.But as for ManA,the expression efficiency of Dse4 was equal to α-factor and much higher than Scw11 and Exg1.Therefore,α-factoris the most efficient signal peptide for DSB expression and Dse4 or α-factor are the most efficient signal peptide for ManA expression in Pichia pastoris X33.Moreover,the intracellular activities of DSB and ManA by α-factor are higher than Scw1 1,Dse4 and Exg1,and the intracellular activity of ManA was higher than DSB (the molecular weight of ManA was larger than DSB).Thus,when ManA were expressed in Pichia pastoris,different signal peptide,such as Dse4,could be used for improving the secretion efficiency.A basis for identifying more available signal peptides and screening for the optimal signal peptide for the target protein was provided.
RESUMEN
En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada durante 2009 y 2010 con actores políticos, técnicos y sociales, quienes participaron en la Política Pública de Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia (MANA) de la Gobernación de Antioquia, como un modelo de construcción participativa que promueve la salud y el bienestar. OBJETIVO: comprender el proceso de participación de los diferentes actores en el diseño de la Ordenanza No 17 que fija la Política Pública de Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia (MANA). MÉTODOS:utilizando un enfoque cualitativo se hizo un estudio de caso, de tipo interpretativo instrumental. La información obtenida con entrevistas a los actores y revisión documental fue sometida a un análisis de carácter heurístico. RESULTADOS :el proceso fue una participación activa donde los actores, tanto políticos, como técnico-metodológicos y sociales, hacen variados aportes en los diferentes momentos de la construcción de la Política Pública de Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia. CONCLUSIONES:el Plan y la Política se convirtieron en un referente para la construcción de otras políticas, planes o programas similares, fue trascendental por su transformación comunitaria y legitimidad, y aunque tuvo dificultades en el proceso, demostró la importancia del trabajo intersectorial y de una mirada integral frente a problemas sociales tan complejos.
This paper presents the results of a research carried out in 2009 and 2010 with individuals from the political, technical and social fields who participated in the Public Policy for Food and Nutritional Improvement created by the Government of Antioquia. This program was conceived as a model of participatory construction that promotes health and welfare. OBJECTIVE:to understand the participation process of different people in the design of Ordinance 17, which establishes the Food and Nutritional Improvement Public Policy. METHODOLOGY: an interpretive instrumental case study was conducted using a qualitative approach. The information obtained from interviews with the participants and from the literature review was heuristically analyzed. RESULTS:individuals from political, technical-methodological and social areas participated actively in this project. Likewise, they made several contributions at different moments of the construction of the Food and Nutritional Improvement Public Policy for Antioquia. CONCLUSION: The Plan and The Policy became a referent for the construction of other policies, plans or similar programs. They were significant because it transformed the community and was legitimate; even though there were difficulties during the process, they proved the importance of having intersectoral work and an integral view of such complex social problems.
RESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por y asociada a la desnutrición, en menores de cinco años; cinco años antes y cinco años después de la implementación del programa MANA en las regiones del departamento de Antioquia entre 1998 a 2007. METODOLOGIA: estudio ecológico para el análisis del comportamiento de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años ocurridas en las regiones de Antioquia, antes y después de la creación del programa MANA. Se calculó chi cuadrado de asociación y tendencia; así como el análisis de tendencia con la regresión de Jointpoint y se realizó análisis factorial a través de la extracción de componentes principales. RESULTADOS se observó tendencia a la disminución de la mortalidad a través de los años de estudio. En el análisis general de Antioquia, se identificó un punto de inflexión en el año 2000, el cual fue estadísticamente significativo con una variación de -8,30 con tendencia al descenso. En las regiones se identificó que Valle de Aburrá, Nordeste, Occidente, Oriente, Suroeste el punto de inflexión fue en 2000, Bajo Cauca 2001, Urabá 2002, Norte 2003 y Magdalena Medio, 2004. CONCLUSION : se observó tendencia en disminución de la mortalidad por desnutrición en las regiones de Antioquia en el período analizado, descenso que se presenta desde años anteriores a la implementación de MANA.
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the mortality trends among children aged five and younger in the department of Antioquia (Colombia), where deaths are due to or associated with malnutrition. The time period studied was before and after the implementation of the MANA program, from 1998 to 2007. METHODOLOGY an ecological study was conducted to analyze the mortality trends in children under five in the regions of Antioquia before and after the implementation of the MANA program. Data was analyzed using the Chi Square association and trend test. The Jointpoint regression was applied to analyze the mortality trend, and a factorial analysis was conducted by extracting the principal components. RESULTS : a decreasing trend in mortality was observed during the time frame of the study. A statistically significant inflexion was observed in the general analysis of the Antioquia department in the year 2000, with an annual variation of -8.30% and a decreasing trend. Analysis revealed the inflexion points for the different regions of Antioquia: the year 2000 for the regions called Valle de Aburrá, Nordeste, Occidente, Oriente, and Suroeste, 2001 for Bajo Cauca, 2005 for Urabá, 2003 for Norte and 2004 for Magdalena Medio. CONCLUSION: A decreasing trend in mortality due to and associated with malnutrition was observed in each of the Antioquia regions during the time frame studied. This trend started before the implementation of the MANA program.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Desnutrición , MortalidadRESUMEN
The purposes of this study were: a) to develop the a quality measurement tool for the contract-managed hospital foodservice, and b) to evaluate their performance with the developed quality measurement tool, and c) to verify the reliability and validity of the quality measurement tool. The developed quality measurement tool comprised two parts, which were foodservice management and medical nutrition care service. The foodservice management part was classified into six functional categories which were Menu, Procurement and Storage, Production and Distribution, Facility and Utility, Sanitation and Safety, and Management and Evaluation. The medical nutrition care service part indicated the medical nutrition care provided. Quality measurement tool had 91 standards and 324 indicators. The quality measurement tools were distributed to the hospital foodservice manager employed by the foodservice company. The 324 indicators were measured by foodservice manager on the 5-Likert-type scales, and then adapted to a 100 point scale. The SPSS Ver. 11.0 was used for statistical analysis. The categories whose scores were evaluated as being high were Procurement', General Sanitation', Personal sanitation' and Waste' and the categories whose scores were evaluated as being low were Diet Order Manual', Standard Recipe', Appropriateness (Facility and Utility)', Check (Facility and Utility)' and Information Management'. All the categories of medical nutrition service were evaluated as having seriously low scores. Therefore, it was necessary for the contract-managed hospital foodservice to improve its performance in the area of medical nutrition care service. For the verification of the developed quality measurement tool, the reliability obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha was 0.8747, and the content validity was also proved by scrutiny of the modification of the Professional group's techniques.