Manejo de la EPOC estable en relación con la GOLD: experiencia en un hospital universitario / Stable copd management in relation to the GOLD: experience at a university hospital

Introducción: Estudio prospectivo-descriptivo que analiza el plan de atención ambulatorio del usuario con EPOC estable de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la GOLD en un hospital público en Bogota. Presenta los factores que influyen a nivel de educación, tratamiento farmacológico, rehabilitación pulmonar y oxigenoterapia. Se aplicó una encuesta para pacientes, evaluada y validada por grupo de expertos y una ficha para revisión de las historias clínicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tres fases. En la fase I se seleccionaron los pacientes con diagnóstico primario de EPOC en etapa estable, atendidos por consulta externa que no hubieran presentado exacerbación por lo menos un mes antes de la encuesta. Se tomaron de las historias clinicas, los datos demograficos (género y edad), fechas de control previo, examenes solicitados, medicamentos formulados, remisión a programas de rehabilitación pulmonar, ejercicio y oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. En la fase II, se aplicó la encuesta a 61 pacientes adultos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y el registro de sus historias clínicas. En la fase III se hizo el anßlisis e interpretación de los resultados con un procesamiento estadístico de la información que comprendía anßlisis multivariado y univariado de datos utilizando el programa SPSS software, versión 11.5 para Windows.Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se atendieron por consulta externa en la institución 69 personas con diagnóstico primario de EPOC; de estos, 61 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La edad media del grupo fue 73 años y 70% eran mujeres; 50% tenía bajo nivel socioeconómico y ningún grado de escolaridad; 93% tenía dependencia económica de su familia. El mayor factor de riesgo, fue humo de leña (84%), con un promedio de exposición de 20 a±os; 30% recibió educación por parte del médico, 47% usaba broncodilatadores inhalados y 48% refería dificultades para conseguirlos.

Introduction: This paper presents a prospective and descriptive study discussing the outpatient care plan in a public hospital in Bogotß for patients with stable COPD according with the GOLD recommendations. The paper presents as well the influence of factors such as education, pharmacological treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen-therapy. A survey was carried out among patients, and the results were evaluated and validated by a group of experts; a personal data card for the review of clinical records was considered.Materials and methods: This is a three-phase study. On the first phase, selected patients from outpatient care visits were included with a primary diagnosis of COPD on the stable condition stage; these patients had no evident exacerbation in at least one month before the survey. Clinical records, demographic data (gender, age), previous control dates, required examinations, prescribed medicines, referral to pulmonary rehabilitation programs, exercises and domiciliary oxygen-therapy were recorded. On the second phase, the survey was carried out among 61 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria and the clinical record register. On the third phase, the analysis and interpretation of the results were carried out with a statistic processing of the information, which considers multivariate and univariate data analysis using the software SPSS version 11.5 for Windows. Results: The number of patients with COPD diagnosis studied during the research period of time in our hospital outpatient service was 69, however only 61 of them fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Sixty-one patients were interviewed, average age, 73. Seventy percent were female. Fifty percent of the participants were from low schooling, social and economic segments of the population; 50% had no formal education and 93% were family dependent. The major risk factor reported (84%) was wood fire smoke, with an average exposure of more than 20 years (72%).

La EPOC: concepto de los usuarios y médicos tratantes respecto al manejo y plan de atención / COPD: Concept of the Outpatients and Theirs Physicians in Relation with the Handling and Attention

Objetivo. Analizar el concepto del usuario con EPOC y de los médicos en un hospital público de Bogotá respecto a educación, tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, de acuerdo con la GOLD. Método. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo, exploratorio, desarrollado mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 8 médicos y 61 pacientes de consulta externa. Resultados. El 72% de los pacientes no ha recibido explicación acerca del tratamiento, recomendaciones de manejo, ni ha sido interrogado sobre aspectos personales, sociales, o nutricionales. El 70% manifiesta dificultades para acceder a citas médicas y obtener medicamentos. El 90% de los médicos conoce la GOLD; refieren que el tiempo, el volumen de consulta, la disponibilidad de recursos institucionales, el bajo nivel sociocultural, económico y de compromiso de los pacientes dificulta su aplicación. Conclusiones. Existen desventajas en la atención del paciente, ya sea por escasez de recursos, infraestructura, ausencia de programas de prevención, promoción y educación, características del Sistema de Seguridad Social, personales y del entorno.

Purpose. To analyze the concept of the outpatients with COPD and theirs physicians in a public hospital of Bogota, in relation to educational, pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment, according to GOLD. Method. Qualitative descriptive study, exploratory type, developed through semi structured interviews for eight (8) physicians and sixty one (61) outpatients with COPD. Results. Patients agree with the short explanation of the physician or health profesionals about the treatment they are receiving, the recommendations for the handling of their disease and the absence of questions about their personal, social, mental or nutritional life. The patients refer that medical treatment focuses in the present symptoms. On the other hand, 90% of the doctors manifest to know the standards of the GOLD, but the time, volume of consultation and availability of institutional resources, as well as the low social, cultural and economic level of the affected population and its commitment, makes difficult its application. Conclusions. The study shows disadvantages in the patient's attention either by the shortage of resources, the small infrastructure, lack of prevention and promotion actions, or the characteristics of the Public Health System, as well as diminished accessibility to pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The development of educative activities is very limited in the provided plan of attention, there is no control of factors that influence in the health state of these people, and there are no actions that treat favorably the participation of social, productive and governmental actors that benefit the attention of these patients.