Treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo in clinical settings in India: a cross sectional pilot survey

Background: The usage pattern and effectiveness of various treatment strategies for benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) have not been widely reported in routine clinical settings in India. The aim of the study was to understand treatment patterns and level of symptom improvement in Indian patients presenting with symptoms of BPPV in clinical practice.Methods:A cross-sectional pan-India survey was conducted with leading neurologists and otolaryngologists. A detailed questionnaire was shared with specialists which was followed by semi-structured telephonic interviews to gather a deeper understanding of their treatment practices. The obtained data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results:A total of 5 neurologists and 8 ENT specialists completed the survey. Physicians reported that age, but not gender, was an important factor when selecting appropriate treatment. Specialists reported that in their clinical practice symptom improvement is better with betahistine plus maneuvers compared to betahistine only alone (97% verses90% cure rate) and is comparable with maneuvers (97% verses98% cure rate, respectively). Dix Hallpike and supine roll test using videonystagmography were the most recommended tests used to diagnose BPPV. Betahistine plus maneuvers was the most commonly prescribed treatment for BPPV, and clinicians observed greater decrease in the severity of BPPV symptoms with betahistine plus maneuvers versus betahistine alone or maneuvers. The Visual analog scale (VAS) was the most widely usedscale for assessing severity of BPPV symptoms.Conclusions: These findings indicate that betahistine plus maneuvers provides better control over symptom severity in patients with BPPV.

Effects of Gender and Maneuvers on ACL Injury Risk Factors for Volleyball Players / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of gender and maneuvers on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors for volleyball players. Methods Sports biomechanics data of volleyball players during stop-jump, drop landing and sidestep cutting were collected. The ACL injury rate and biomechanical parameters of simulated injured jumps were obtained with Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of gender and maneuvers on ACL injury risk factors was validated by 2×3 mixed designed two-way ANOVA. Results Sidestep cutting was the highest risk maneuver of ACL injury for both genders (P＜0.001). Compared with male players, female players had a greater risk of ACL injury during sidestep cutting and stop-jump (P＜0.001), while male players were more prone to have ACL injury than female players during drop landing (P＜0.001). The risk factors of ACL injury obtained by simulation were significantly influenced by gender and maneuvers (P＜0.001). Conclusions Male players were more likely to increase ACL load due to smaller knee flexion, forward leg tilt and heel landing than female players during sidestep cutting, while female players owned larger ground reaction force (GRF) and knee extension moment. Smaller knee flexion angle during stop jump was the major risk factor for both genders, however more characteristics contributed to the males. Female players with large GRF, knee valgus and extension moment, and heel-landing were likely to have ACL injury, while the small knee flexion angle was the key risk factor for male players. The results can provide evidences for evaluation of volleyball players’ ACL injury risk, individualized injury prevention protocols, and clinical treatment and rehabilitation directions.

Laringoespasmo reflejo en cirugía urológica pediátrica / Reflex laryngospasm in pediatric urologic surgery

Introducción: El laringoespasmo es una complicación temida por los anestesiólogos. Se asocia a broncoespasmo, hipoxia, arritmias, aspiración del contenido gástrico y paro cardiaco. Es más frecuente en neonatos y lactantes. Está estrechamente vinculado al tipo de cirugía y consiste en un cierre intenso y prolongado de la glotis en respuesta a la estimulación glótica directa o refleja. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento del laringoespasmo parcial reflejo en un paciente pediátrico durante una intervención urológica. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 18 meses de edad al cual se le realiza meatotomía. Durante la cirugía presenta laringoespasmo parcial reflejo tratado con maniobras físicas. Sin la necesidad de usar medicamento ni vía área mecánica. Conclusiones: Las maniobras utilizadas son seguras y efectivas en el tratamiento del laringoespasmo reflejo sin la necesidad de abordar la vía aérea ni uso de medicamentos, se lograron resultados satisfactorios con una relación riesgo beneficio a favor del paciente(AU)

Introduction: Laryngospasm is a complication feared by anesthesiologists. It is associated with bronchospasm, hypoxia, arrhythmias, aspiration of gastric contents, and cardiac arrest. It is more common among neonates and infants. It is closely related to the type of surgery and consists in an intense and prolonged closure of the glottis in response to direct or reflex glottic stimulation. Objective: To describe the management of reflex partial laryngospasm in a pediatric patient during a urological intervention. Case presentation: 18-month-old patient who received meatotomy. During surgery, he presented reflex partial laryngospasm managed with physical maneuvers, without the need to use medication or the mechanic airways ventilation. Conclusions: The maneuvers used are safe and effective for the management of reflex laryngospasm without the need to address the airway or using of medications. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved with a risk-benefit ratio in favor of the patient(AU)

Vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno: factores de riesgo asociados y eficacia de las maniobras de reposición / Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: associated risk factors and efficacy of particle repositioning maneuvers

INTRODUCCIÓN: El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es el vértigo periférico más frecuente. El tratamiento depende del compromiso de los canales semicirculares (CSC) y/o cúpulas, y consiste en maniobras de reposición de partículas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados al VPPB en pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de la Red de Salud UC Christus. Evaluar la tasa de éxito de las maniobras de reposición. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo. Se revisaron casos de VPPB con indicación de maniobras de reposición durante los años 2016-2017. Se obtuvo información demográfica, antecedentes médicos, la maniobra realizada y su éxito. Se evaluaron comorbilidades y temporada del año. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 195 consultas, realizándose 293 maniobras. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron mujeres (74%) con edad promedio de 63 años. Comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión, dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus. El 20% presentó una hipofunción vestibular concomitante, 23% presentó antecedentes de VPPB y 8% compromiso bilateral. Canalolitiasis del CSC posterior fue predominante (90%). En el 77,3% se resuelve el caso con una maniobra. Los casos fueron más frecuentes en primavera y otoño. CONCLUSIONES: El VPPB fue más frecuente en mujeres, con una edad promedio de 63 años. La mayoría presentó canalolitiasis unilateral lográndose resolución con una maniobra de reposición.

INTRODUCTION: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. The treatment depends on the semicircular canal (SCC) and/or cupula involved and consists of particle repositioning maneuvers. AIM: Analyze risk factors associated with BPPV for patients seen at the otorhinolaryngology department of the UC Christus health center. Evaluate the success rate of the repositioning maneuvers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study. All cases of BPPV for which a repositioning maneuver was prescribed during the years 2016-2017 were reviewed. Data obtained includes demographics, medical history, maneuver performed, and its success rate. Comorbidities and seasonality were evaluated. RESULTS: 195 cases were included; with 293 maneuvers. The majority were women (74%), and the average age was 63 years. Common comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Concurrently, 20% had unilateral vestibular hypofunction, 23% had a history of BPPV, and 8% had bilateral involvement. Posterior SCC canalithiasis was most common (90%). In 77.3%, the case was resolved with one maneuver. Cases were most frequent in the spring and autumn season. CONCLUSION: BPPV was more common in women with an average age of 63 years. The majority of patients presented with unilateral canalithiasis obtaining a complete recovery with a single maneuver.

Comparison of three lung recruitment maneuvers in the treatment of severe extra-pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of three recruitment maneuvers (RM) for severe extra-pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS). Methods A total of sixty-three extra-pulmonary ARDS patients were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups, which were treated with sustained inflation (SI),increment of positive end-expiratory pressure (IP) and pressure control ventilation (PCV) respectively. The oxygenation index ( PaO2/FiO2) before and after lung recruitment was recorded in patients with complete lung recruitment,and the cause of discontinuation of lung recruitment was recorded in patients with incomplete lung recruitment. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was recorded in patients who completed lung recruitment with the latter two methods when they reached the maximum degree of lung recruitment. The mortality rate of 14 d in 3 groups was recorded, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis differences were compared before and after each group. Results With PaO2/FiO2as the standard, all the three methods of pulmonary reexpansion could make the lungs obviously reexpanse. The PaO2/FiO2of each group before, 5 minutes after and 1 hour after reexpansion were respectively as below (SI group: 70. 4±14. 8 mmHg,306. 8±97. 5 mmHg,229. 6±116. 2 mmHg; IP group:74. 9±13. 6 mmHg,328. 0 ± 95. 5 mmHg,252. 8 ± 111. 0 mmHg; PCV group: 67. 8 ± 14. 9 mmHg, 304. 2 ±82. 2 mmHg,223. 7±83. 6 mmHg. P＜0. 01). There were no significant differences among the three methods in the effect of RM (P＞0. 05). PEEP of IP group is higher than that of PCV group at the time of maximum RM (20. 3±2. 5 cmH2O vs. 18. 5±1. 8 cmH2O,P＜0. 05). There were significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions caused by the three methods (54. 5%(12/22) in SI group,35. 0%(7/20) in IP group and 9. 6%(2/21) in PCV group. The 14 d mortality of each group was 63. 6%(14/22) in SI group,70. 0%(14/20) in IP group and 61. 9%(13/21) in PCV group,with no significant difference (P＞0. 05) . Conclusion The effects of three methods of lung recruitment on severe pulmonary exogenous ARDS patients were similar, but there was no significant difference in prognosis. Adverse reactions of SI method leads to the greatest probability of discontinuation of lung recruitment,and that of the PCV method is the smallest. Under the same effect of lung recruitment, IP method needs higher PEEP than PCV method. In practice,PCV method should be preferred.

Ventilator management for acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection: A case series / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Data on the mechanical ventilation (MV) characteristics and radiologic features for the cases with H7N9-induced ARDS were stil lacking. METHODS: We describe the MV characteristics and radiologic features of adult patients with ARDS due to microbiologically confirmed H7N9 admitted to our ICU over a 3-month period. RESULTS: Eight patients (mean age 57.38±16.75; 5 male) were diagnosed with H7N9 in the first quarter of 2014. All developed respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which required MV in ICU. The baseline APACHE II and SOFA score was 11.77±6.32 and 7.71±3.12. The overall CT scores of the patients was 247.68±34.28 and the range of CT scores was 196.3–294.7. The average MV days was 14.63±6.14, and 4 patients required additional rescue therapies for refractory hypoxemia. Despite these measures, 3 patients died. CONCLUSION: In H7N9-infected patients with ARDS, low tidal volume strategy was the conventional mode. RM as one of rescue therapies to refractory hypoxemia in these patients with serious architectural distortion and high CT scores, which could cause further lung damage, may induce bad outcomes and requires serious consideration. Prone ventilation may improve mortality, and should be performed at the early stage of the disease, not as a rescue therapy.

Clinical effects of pulmonary recruitment maneuvers combined with pressure regulation volume control in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the clinical effects of pulmonary recruitment maneuvers combined with pressure regulation volume control (PRVC) in the treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants.Method From July 2015 to September 2016,preterm infants of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ RDS who received PRVC treatment in neonatal department of Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital were assigned into recruitment maneuver group and control group (without recruitment maneuver) using randon number table.The ventilator parameters were observed at 1,2,6,12,18 h and 24 h after ventilation.Recovery rate,duration of oxygen therapy and ventilation,duration of hospital stay,incidence of second dose of pulmonary surfactant and complications were compared between two groups.Result A total of 18 cases were included in recruitment maneuver group and 19 cases in control group.The recovery rate of recruitment maneuver group was higher than control group (16/18 vs.10/19).The duration of oxygen therapy [(6.6 ± 2.3) d vs.(11.8 ± 3.0) d],duration of ventilation [(4.1 ± 2.3) d vs.(6.4 ± 2.8) d],duration of hospital stay [(26.7 ± 7.0) d vs.(33.0 ± 8.4) d] in recruitment maneuver group were significantly shorter than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1/18 vs.8/19),retinopathy of premature (1/18 vs.7/19),patent ductus arteriosus that require medication closure (1/18 vs.7/19)and incidence of second dose of pulmonary surfactant (2/18 vs.9/19) in recruitment maneuver group were significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).While the complication of air leak,necrotizing enteritis,Ⅲ-V grade intracranial hemorrhage showed no significant differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Recruitment maneuvers combined with PRVC in treatment of severe RDS premature infants can improve recovery rate and oxygenation.It can also shorten the duration of oxygen therapy,ventilation and hospital stay.It can reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of premature.It is worth spreading in clinical practice.reduce the incidence of bronchopuhmonary dysplasia and retinopathy.It is worthy of promotion.

Monitorización de la capacidad residual funcional en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda grave. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Monitoring of residual functional capacity in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case report and review of the literature / Monitorização da capacidade residual funcional em pacientes com SDRA grave. Apresentação de um caso e revisão da literatura

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino en la quinta década de vida con diagnóstico de tumoración renal. Fue ingresado a cirugía para embolización selectiva de arteria renal ipsilateral al sitio de la lesión tumoral. Durante el periodo transoperatorio se presentó hemorragia masiva, por lo cual recibió múltiples transfusiones y se ingresó al área de terapia intensiva. Se documentó lesión renal aguda (AKIN III) y desarrollo de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) grave de acuerdo con los Criterios de Berlín 2012. Se propusieron métodos no convencionales de ventilación entre los cuales la ventilación mecánica inversa, ventilación con liberación de presión (APRV)/bilateral y ventilación controlada a volumen y regulada a presión (PRVC) no mostraron mejoría. Se decidió cambio de estrategia a reclutamiento guiado por la capacidad residual funcional (CRF). Se observó una mejoría en los parámetros de ventilación y niveles de fracción de oxígeno inspirado (FiO2) y evolución grave con desarrollo de pancreatitis y sangrado que requirió intervención quirúrgica con posterior deceso del paciente. Se realiza presentación del caso así como de la revisión de la literatura para maniobras de reclutamiento guiado por CRF.

Abstract: We report the case of a male patient of the 5th decade of life with a diagnosis of renal tumor. Is entered surgery for selective embolization of renal artery ipsilateral to the site of the tumor lesion. During Trans operative, presented massive bleeding, receiving multiple transfusions, requiring admission to intensive care unit. Acute kidney injury (AKIN III) was documented, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development according to criteria of Berlin 2012. Unconventional modes of ventilation among which were reverse ventilation, bi-level (APRV) and PRVC were used without improvement. It was decided to change recruitment strategy led by FRC in view, with improved ventilation parameters and levels of FiO2. Poor outcome with subsequent development of pancreatitis and bleeding requiring reoperation with subsequent death of the patient. Case presentation and review of the literature for recruitment maneuvers guided by FRC in view is performed.

Resumo: Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino na quinta década de vida com um diagnóstico de tumor renal. É admitido a cirurgia para embolização seletiva da artéria renal ipsilateral no local da lesão tumoral. Durante o período transoperatório, apresenta uma hemorragia profusa, pelo que recebeu múltiplas transfusões, e foi admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva. Documenta-se insuficiência renal aguda (AKI lll) e o desenvolvimento de SDRA grave de acordo com critérios de Berlim 2012. Proporciona-se métodos não convencionais de ventilação, entre os quais estavam a ventilação mecânica inversa, ventilação com liberação de pressão (APRV)/bilateral e ventilação controlada a volume e regulada para pressão (PRVC) sem melhoria. Determina-se a mudança de estratégia de recrutamento guiado pela capacidade residual funcional (CRF). Apresenta uma melhoria nos parâmetros de ventilação e níveis da fração de oxigênio inspirado (FiO2). Evolução grave com subsequente desenvolvimento de pancreatite e sangrando, necessitou de intervenção cirurgica, com posterior morte do paciente. É feita apresentação do caso, bem como a revisão da literatura para manobras de recrutamento guiado pelo CRF.

Improvement of postoperative pulmonary function during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery with lung protective ventilation strategy and alveolar recruitment maneuvers / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe the improvement of postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery with lung protective ventilation strategies and alveolar recruitment maneuvers. Methods Seventy patients who underwent selective open abdominal surgery were selected, and they were divided into standard ventilation group (tidal volume 8 ml/kg) and protective ventilation group (tidal volume 6 ml/kg, 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure, and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, 1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) according to the random digits table method with 35 cases each. The airway pressure, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and adverse reactions were observed. The SpO2, partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) and pulmonary function before surgery and 1, 3, 5 d after surgery were measured. Results The respiratory rate, airway pressure and PETCO2 levels in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group: (12.3 ± 2.1) times/min vs. (10.2 ± 1.0) times/min, (15.1 ± 2.8) cmH2O vs. (13.5 ± 2.3) cmH2O, (34.6 ± 2.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (32.1 ± 1.4) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). The SpO2 and PaO2 levels at 1, 3 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group:0.951 ± 0.018 vs. 0.936 ± 0.016 and 0.964 ± 0.018 vs. 0.949 ± 0.018, (74.8 ± 6.8) mmHg vs. (65.0 ± 6.2) mmHg and (79.6 ± 6.0) mmHg vs. (70.6 ± 5.3) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), percentage of the estimated value of FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and percentage of the estimated value of FVC at 1, 3 and 5 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group, the FEV1/FVC at 1 d after surgery was significantly higher than that in standard ventilation group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The lung protective ventilation strategy and alveolar recruitment maneuvers can improve the postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Low vital volume, appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers can protect the lung in general anesthesia patients.

The influence of airway supporting maneuvers on glottis view in pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy / A influência das manobras de suporte das vias aéreas sobre a visibilidade da glote em fibrobroncoscopia pediátrica

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:Flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy is a valuable intervention for evaluation and management of respiratory diseases in both infants, pediatric and adult patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the airway supporting maneuvers on glottis view during pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this randomized, controlled, crossover study; patients aged between 0 and 15 years who underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure having American Society of Anesthesiologists I---II risk score were included. Patients having risk of difficult intubation, intubated or patients with tracheostomy, and patients with reduced neck mobility or having cautions for neck mobility were excluded from this study. After obtaining best glottic view at the neutral position, patients were positioned jaw trust with open mouth, jaw trust with teeth prottution, head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers and best glottis scores were recorded.RESULTS:Total of 121 pediatric patients, 57 girls and 64 boys, were included in this study. Both jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers improved the glottis view compared with neutral position (p < 0.05), but we did not observe any difference between jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers (p > 0.05). Head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers improved glottis view when compared with both jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers and neutral position (p < 0.05); however we found no differences between head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers (p > 0.05).

RESUMOINTRODUÇÃO: A broncofibroscopia flexível (BF) é uma valiosa intervenção para o manejo eavaliação de doenças respiratórias em pacientes tanto pediátricos quanto adultos. O obje-tivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência das manobras de apoio das vias aéreas sobre avisibilidade da glote durante a BF pediátrica.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo cruzado, randômico e controlado, incluindo pacientes com idadesentre 0-15 anos, ASA I-II, que foram submetidos à BF. Pacientes com risco de intubação difí-cil, entubados ou com traqueostomia e aqueles com mobilidade reduzida do pescoço ou queexigissem cuidados para a mobilidade do pescoço foram excluídos do estudo. Depois de obter amelhor visibilidade da glote na posição neutra, os pacientes foram posicionados com elevaçãoda mandíbula e abertura da aberta (EMBA), com elevação da mandíbula e protrusão dos dentes(EMPD), com inclinação da cabeça elevação do queixo (ICEQ) e com a tripla manobra das viasaéreas (TMVA). Os melhores escores da glote foram registrados.RESULTADOS: No total, 121 pacientes pediátricos foram incluídos no estudo: 57 pacientes do sexofeminino e 64 do sexo masculino. Ambos as manobras EMBA e EMPD melhoraram a visibilidadeda glote em comparação com a posição neutra (p < 0,05), mas não observamos diferença entreas manobras EMBA e EMPD (p > 0,05). As manobras ICEQ e TMVA melhoraram a visibilidade daglote em comparação com as manobras EMBA e EMPD e a posição neutra (p < 0,05); porém, nãoencontramos diferenças entre a ICEQ e a TMVA (p > 0,05).CONCLUSÃO: Todas as manobras de acesso às vias aéreas melhoraram a visibilidade da glotedurante a BF pediátrica; porém, a inclinação da cabeça e elevação do queixo e a tripla manobradas vias aéreas foram consideradas as manobras mais eficazes.

Horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: diagnosis and treatment of 37 patients / Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna do canal horizontal: diagnóstico e tratamento de 37 pacientes

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most frequent cause of vertigo is associated with high morbidity in the elderly population. The most common form is linked to debris in the posterior semicircular canal. However, there has been an increasing number of reported BPPV cases involving the horizontal canals. The purpose of this article is to highlight the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in 37 patients with horizontal canal BPPV; twenty-six with geotropic nystagmus, and eleven with the apogeotropic form. Treatment consisted of the Gufoni manoeuver in eighteen patients (48.6%), the barbecue 360° maneuver in twelve patients (32.4%), both manoeuvers in four patients (10.8%), both manoeuvers plus head shaking in one patient (2.7%), and the Gufoni maneuver plus head shaking in two patients. Cupulolithiasis patients were asked to sleep in a forced prolonged position. We obtained a complete resolution of vertigo and nystagmus in 30 patients (81.0%) on the initial visit.

Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna (VPPB) é a causa mais frequente de vertigem e promove alta morbidade na população idosa. A forma mais comum está relacionada com otoconias no canal semicircular posterior. Entretanto, nos últimos anos identifica-se cada vez mais casos de VPPB dos canais horizontais. Os principais objetivos deste artigo são destacar as características clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamentos aplicados em 37 pacientes com VPPB do canal horizontal; vinte e seis com nistagmo geotrópico, e onze com nistagmo apogeotrópico. O tratamento consistiu na manobra de Gufoni em dezoito pacientes (48,6%) manobra do churrasco 360° em doze pacientes (32,4%) ambas as manobras em quatro pacientes (10,8%) ambas as manobras mais a manobra de sacudir a cabeça (MSC) em um paciente (2,7%), e manobra de Gufoni mais MSC em dois pacientes (2,7%). Pacientes com cupulolitíase dormiram uma noite na posição forçada prolongada. Em 30 pacientes (81,0%) o sucesso terapêutico ocorreu na primeira consulta.

Clinical application of different recruitment maneuvers in children with congenital heart disease complicated by acute respiratory distrees syndrome after surgery / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To compare the individual effects of three recruitment maneuvers (RM) in children with congenital heart disease complicated by postoperation acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.Thirty-two children with congenital heart disease complicated with ARDS after open-heart surgery undergoing mechanical ventilation were randomized into three groups,to whom three different RM was respectively performed,namely sustained inflation (SI),progressively increased positive end expiratory pressure (IP) and pressure control ventilation (PCV).Blood gas analysis was done every 6 hours,and the lung RM was performed if oxygenation index (OI) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The OI,the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn),as well as the parameters of hemodynamics before,during and after RM for 15,30,and 60 minutes were recorded and analyzed before and after RM.Results During the treatment process,the OI was significantly increased during the process and 15,30 or 60 minutes after RM compared with that before RM,with no statistical difference among groups (F value was 1.027,0.403,0.264,0.172,0.159,and P value was 0.367,0.671,0.769,0.843,0.853).The Cdyn at all time points in each group was also significantly increased,but there was no statistical difference among groups (F value was 0.009,0.015,0.206,0.010,0.389,and P value was 0.991,0.985,0.814,0.990,0.683).In the process of RM,the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the children were lowered compared with those before RM [HR (bpm):131.67 ± 9.56 vs.138.93 ± 5.22 in SI group,133.27 ± 9.54 vs.140.33 ± 7.74 in IP group,137.13 ± 7.39 vs.142.40 ± 9.18 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01;MAP (mmHg):55.07 ± 4.43 vs.65.87 ± 4.46 in SI group,58.82 ± 6.04 vs.64.02 ± 7.65 in IP group,57.89 ± 4.71 vs.65.36 ± 5.37 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01],but it recovered immediately.CVP in all three groups was increased during RM [cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa):11.60±0.99 vs.5.53±0.74 in SI group,10.33± 1.35 vs.5.40±0.74 in IP group,10.20±0.94 vs.5.80±0.68 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01].There was significant difference in CVP during RM among three groups (F =7.327,P =0.002),and CVP in SI group was higher than that of other two groups (both P ＜ 0.05).CVP returned to the former level in 15 minutes after RM in IP and PCV groups,and recovered in 30 minutes in SI group.Conclusions All of the RM methods can effectively improve oxygenation and pulmonary compliance of the children with complication of ARDS,and they complement the inadequacy of lung protective ventilation.PCV and IP are more effective than SI in the uniform re-expansion of alveoli after RM and recovery of hemodynamics.

Clinical Observation on Effect ofSai-ErFormula in Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to summarize the effect ofSai-Er Formula in treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A total of 62 BPPV outpatients were randomly divided into two groups, which were the group of Epley’s maneuver combined withSai-Er Formula and the group of Epley’s maneuver. Observation was made on the treatment efficacy and vertigo integral 10 days, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. The results showed that after 10-day treatment, the effective rate of the group of Epley’s maneuver combined withSai-Er Formula was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = 0.045). And after 10-day, 1-month, 3-month treatment, the improving degree of vertigo integral was better than that of the control group (P < 0.005). It was concluded thatSai-Er Formula can relieve the vertigo symptom of BPPV, and reduce its recurrence rate.

Proposal Intensity Adequacy of Expiratory Effort and Heart Rate Behavior During the Valsalva Maneuver in Preadolescents / Proposta de Adequação da Intensidade do Esforço Expiratório e Comportamento da Frequência Cardíaca Durante a Manobra de Valsalva em Pré-Adolescentes

Background: When performing the Valsalva maneuver (VM), adults and preadolescents produce the same expiratory resistance values. Objective: To analyze heart rate (HR) in preadolescents performing VM, and propose a new method for selecting expiratory resistance. Method: The maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was measured in 45 sedentary children aged 9-12 years who subsequently performed VM for 20 s using an expiratory pressure of 60%, 70%, or 80% of MEP. HR was measured before, during, and after VM. These procedures were repeated 30 days later, and the data collected in the sessions (E1, E2) were analyzed and compared in periods before, during (0-10 and 10-20 s), and after VM using nonparametric tests. Results: All 45 participants adequately performed VM in E1 and E2 at 60% of MEP. However, only 38 (84.4%) and 25 (55.5%) of the participants performed the maneuver at 70% and 80% of MEP, respectively. The HR delta measured during 0-10 s and 10-20 s significantly increased as the expiratory effort increased, indicating an effective cardiac autonomic response during VM. However, our findings suggest the VM should not be performed at these intensities. Conclusion: HR increased with all effort intensities tested during VM. However, 60% of MEP was the only level of expiratory resistance that all participants could use to perform VM. Therefore, 60% of MEP may be the optimal expiratory resistance that should be used in clinical practice. .

Fundamento: Durante a manobra de Valsalva (MV), os valores de resistência expiratória utilizados por adultos são os mesmos aplicados em pré-adolescentes. Objetivo: Analisar as respostas da frequência cardíaca (FC) de pré-adolescentes durante a MV e propor nova metodologia para eleição da resistência expiratória. Métodos: Submeteram-se 45 pré-adolescentes com idades entre 9 e 12 anos à avaliação das pressões expiratórias máximas (PEmáx). Valores de 60%, 70% e 80% dessas PEmáx foram selecionados para ser aplicados nas MV, mantidas por 20 s. Batimentos cardíacos foram registrados antes, durante e após a manobra. Trinta dias após, todos os procedimentos foram repetidos, e os dados da primeira (A1) e da segunda (A2) avaliações foram comparados. As análises foram feitas com testes não paramétricos, destacando-se os momentos antes, durante (0-10 s e 10-20 s) e após as manobras. Resultados: Os 45 pré-adolescentes conseguiram realizar adequadamente a manobra à resistência de 60% da PEmáx, enquanto apenas 38 (84,4%) e 25 (55,5%) a realizaram com resistências de 70% e 80% da PEmáx, respectivamente. Os deltas de FC 0-10 s e 10-20 s, calculados durante o esforço, foram significativamente maiores quanto maior foi o esforço expiratório, revelando efetiva resposta autonômica cardíaca durante a manobra. Entretanto, o estudo sugere que essas intensidades não devam ser empregadas. Conclusão: A FC se elevou em todas as intensidades de esforço testadas durante a MV, porém somente quando foi realizada com resistência expiratória de 60% da PEmáx é que todos os participantes conseguiram realizá-la, sugerindo ser a intensidade ideal para ser empregada na prática clínica. .

Recruitment maneuvers in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国小儿急救医学

Recently,alveolar recruitment maneuver is one of effective management of mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Recruitment maneuvers are widely used in clinical practice to open the lung and prevent lung injury by derecruitment,improving the compliance,increasing PaO2,increasing the PaO2/FiO2 ratio,and reducing the pulmonary shunt fraction,although the evidence is still discussed.This review discussed recruitment maneuvers in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Honeydew foraging by birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Honeydew foraging by birds has been extensively documented in recent years. However, this interaction has been poorly documented in Brazil, with predominance of few species of birds foraging only in Mimosa scabrella trees. With the objective of describing the behavior of birds interacting with scale insects associated with trees, we conducted a study at the Serra de São José, Tiradentes, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Observations were recorded from June to July 2012. We observed 13 species of birds feeding on honeydew scale insects, eight never previously recorded. We observed individuals using aerial and surface maneuvers to collect the honeydew on the branches or reaching the droppings below the branches. These species were observed foraging individually, in pairs and also in large groups. Our results suggest that honeydew excretion from scale insects associated with Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya trees represents an important energy source for local birds as observed in fragments of Atlantic Forest in the Minas Gerais State, southeast region of Brazil.

O uso de excreções líquidas açucaradas por aves tem sido amplamente divulgado nos últimos anos. No entanto, estudos acerca desta interação são escassos no Brasil, sendo que os poucos existentes relatam apenas algumas espécies de aves forrageando a excreção de insetos presentes em uma única espécie de árvore (Mimosa scabrella). Com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento de aves interagindo com insetos excretores de líquidos açucarados associados com árvores, nós conduzimos um estudo na Serra de São José, município de Tiradentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Nossas observações foram feitas de Junho a Julho de 2012 e 13 espécies de aves foram registradas forrageando a excreção, sendo que oito delas nunca haviam sido anteriormente registradas envolvidas neste tipo de interação. Nós observamos indivíduos usando manobras aéreas e na superfície das árvores para coletar a excreção nos galhos ou alcançar gotículas debaixo dos troncos. Estas espécies foram observadas forrageando individualmente, em pares ou em grandes grupos. Nossos resultados sugerem que a excreção açucarada excretada por insetos associados com árvores mamica-de-porca (Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya), representa uma importante fonte de energia para as aves, conforme observado em fragmentos de mata Atlântica no Estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil.

Correlação da técnica bottom turn com as notas atribuídas no surf de alto rendimento / Correlation of the bottom turn technique with the scores attributed in high performance surfing

As competições de surf no cenário mundial têm apresentado um alto e homogêneo nível de desempenho entre os atletas. Assim, atentou-se à hipótese de que o bottom turn (BT), curva na base da onda essencial para a construção de manobras subsequentes, pode afetar os resultados alcançados em baterias de surf de alto rendimento. O estudo teve como objetivo quantificar o tempo que os atletas levam na execução de BT em suas ondas e correlacioná-lo com as notas atribuídas. A amostra foi composta por quatro eventos do World Tour de Surf, sendo avaliadas 4 baterias de cada evento, perfazendo um total de 16 baterias investigadas. A análise de cada BT foi realizada por meio do recurso de corte de vídeo disponível no programa Sony Vegas Pro 10.0. A análise estatística foi implementada no software SPSS 18.0, sendo calculado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de p < 0,01. Resultados: os índices de correlação encontrados apontam que há associação entre as variáveis para 87,5% dos casos. Pode-se concluir que o alargamento da curva na base da onda (BT) pode maximizar o potencial de rendimento dos surfistas, sugerindo que o BT é um aspecto técnico fundamental na construção de manobras subsequentes que se adéquam aos critérios de julgamento desta modalidade.

The surf contests worldwide have presented a high and homogeneous level of performance by the athletes. Thus, the hypothesis that the bottom turn (BT), curve on the base of the wave which is essential to the construction of subsequent maneuvers, might influence the results in high performance competitions. The objective of this study was to quantify the time taken in the execution of the BT by the athletes and correlate it to the scores awarded. The research sample was composed of four contests of the Surfing World Tour. Four heats of each contest were assessed, in a total of sixteen heats studied. The analysis of each BT was performed by using the video split feature available in the Sony Vegas Pro 10.0 software. The statistic analysis was performed with the software SPSS 18.0. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated with a significance level of p<0.01. According to the correlations, there was an association between the variables for 87.5% of the cases. Results show that the increase of the curve in the base of the wave (BT) can maximize the performance potential of the surfers, suggesting that BT is a fundamental technical aspect in the construction of subsequent maneuvers that suit the judging criteria of this category.

Adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure during presence of tonic diaphragm electrical activity in rabbits with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) adjustment after recruitment maneuver during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) especially in the presence of tonic diaphragm electrical activity (Tonic EAdi) in order to obtain optimum PEEP and in turn to get successful oxygenation.Methods Rabbit model of ARDS was nade by intratracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid.After sufficient recruitment maneuvers,the rabbits were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely Tonic EAdi group ( n =5 ) and maximum oxygenation group ( n =5 ).In Tonic EAdi group,the regulation of PEEP was guided by Tonic EAdi.In maximum oxygenation group,PEEP was adjusted as per maximum oxygenation.The differences in magnitude of PEEP,pulmonary mechanics,gas exchange and hemodynamics were compared between two groups.The t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the two independent samples,and the difference was statistically significant when P ＜ 0.05.Results (1) PEEP:The PEEP was (10.7 + 1.4) cmH2O (1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa) in Tonic EAdi group and (10.0 ± 2.8) cm H2O in maximum oxygenation group (P ＞ 0.05). (2) Pulmonary mechanics:After PEEP adjustment,there was no significant difference in tidal volume ( Vr),peak pressure (Ppeak) and mean pressure (Pmean) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).(3) Gas exchange:After PEEP adjustment,there was no significant difference in oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ( PaCO2 ) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Tonic EAdi could be a good indicator for regulating PEEP in ARDS.

Combinación de maniobras quirúrgicas útiles para optimizar la sutura vascular / Combined useful surgical maneuvers to optimize the vascular suture

Se informan 3 maniobras quirúrgicas conjuntas para realizar accesos vasculares para hemodiálisis (n= 270) y trasplantes renales (n= 54) desde septiembre de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2008. Estas son: aplicación de compás goniométrico para optimizar afrontamiento de los vasos a suturar, práctica de punto de anclaje para la eversión de la pared posterior en la sutura vascular y sustitución de presillas por ligaduras de goma en la cirugía vascular. La práctica sistemática de estas maniobras permitió incrementar la efectividad de los accesos vasculares en el 20 por ciento y disminuir las complicaciones vasculares y los trasplantes renales a la mitad de los reportados anteriormente, en beneficio de la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes

Three combined surgical maneuvers to create vascular approach for hemodialysis (n = 270) and renal transplantation (n = 54) from September, 2000 to December, 2008 including the use of a goniometer compass to optimize the facing of vessel to be sutured, practice of anchorage point for eversion of posterior wall in the vascular suture and replacement of clips for gum ligatures in vascular surgery. The systemic practice of these maneuvers allowed to increase the effectiveness of the vascular approaches in a 20 percent and to decrease the vascular complications and the renal transplantation to the half of those previously reported for the good of the survival and the quality of life of the patients