RESUMEN
Aim Excessive cerebral inflammation caused by chronic alcohol intake is an important risk factor for central nervous system injury. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of konjac mannan oligosaccharide (KMOS) on central nervous system inflammation in alcohol-fed mice and its mechanism. Methods The chronic alcohol fed model of C57BL/6J mice was established using Gao-binge method. And the different doses of KMOS were gavaged every day for 6 weeks. The neuronal damage and microglia activation were evaluated in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The damage of colon tissue was assessed and serum LPS concentrations were measured. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were stimulated with LPS to establish intestinal mucosal injury model. Results Chronic alcohol intake can cause brain neuron damage in mice, and different doses of KMOS effectively reduced the activation state of microglia, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors caused by the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated neuronal damage in the brain tissue of alcohol-fed mice. The results of colon tissue analysis showed that the use of KMOS effectively reduced the concentration of endotoxin LPS in serum of alcohol-fed mice, alleviated the pathological injury and inflammatory response of colon tissue, and enhanced the expression of Occludin in intestinal tissue. In vitro experiments also showed that KMOS significantly inhibited the inflammatory reaction of Caco-2 cells exposed to alcohol and increased the expression of Occludin protein. Conclusions KMOS treatment effectively inhibited intestinal inflammation caused by alcohol intake, repaired intestinal barrier to prevent the entry of intestinal LPS into brain tissue, decreased the activation of microglia, and then improved brain neuron damage. KMOS had the potential to prevent alcoholic nerve injury.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with mannan oligosaccharides, avilamycin and halquinol, alone or in combination, on the performance, carcass characteristics and antibody production in broilers (1-49 days old), male broiler chicks (n=1440; Cobb 500; one day old) were housed and distributed into a completely randomized design into six treatments (eight replicates; 30 animals per pen). To produce the experimental diets, three types of performance enhancer additives were used. Halquinol (HAL), avilamycin (AVI) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) were included (alone or in combination) in the basal diet (instead of corn starch). Effects of diet were observed on results of animal performance in the period 1-21 and 1-42 days old. Broilers fed with a diet without growth promoter showed lower weight gain in relation to those fed with diets with antimicrobials, MOS or a combination of them. In the period 1-49 days old, feed conversion increased in broilers fed with rations without promoter. At the end of the experimental period no influence of diets was observed on the carcass yield and cuts, and titles of specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis. The use of MOS and/or antimicrobials (AVI or HAL), alone or in combination, improves feed conversion of broilers reared until 49 days of age.
RESUMO: Para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com mananoligossacarídeo, avilamicina e halquinol, isoladamente ou combinados, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e produção de anticorpos em frangos de corte (1-49 dias de idade), pintos machos de corte (n=1440; linhagem Cobb 500; idade: um dia) foram alojados e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos (oito repetições; 30 animais por unidade experimental). Para compor as rações experimentais, três tipos de aditivos melhoradores de desempenho foram usados. Halquinol (HAL), avilamicina (AVI) e mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) foram incluídos (isoladamente ou em associação) na ração basal (em substituição ao amido de milho). Foi observado efeito das rações sobre os resultados de desempenho dos animais no período 1-21 e 1-42 dias de idade. As aves alimentadas com ração sem melhorador de desempenho apresentaram menor ganho de peso em relação àquelas que consumiram rações com antimicrobianos, MOS ou uma combinação deles. No período 1-49 dias de idade, a conversão alimentar aumentou nas aves alimentadas sem melhorador de desempenho. No final do período experimental, não foi observado efeito das rações sobre o rendimento de carcaça e cortes e títulos de anticorpos específicos contra bronquite infecciosa aviária. A utilização de mananoligossacarídeo e/ou antimicrobianos (avilamicina e halquinol), isoladamente ou combinados, melhora a conversão alimentar de frangos de corte criados até 49 dias de idade.
RESUMEN
Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do uso de probiótico e/ou prebiótico na alimentação de matrizes suínas. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições (T1= controle; T2= prebiótico; T3= probiótico; e T4= prebiótico + probiótico), sendo cada fêmea considerada uma parcela. A adição de probiótico e/ou prebiótico diminuiu o número de leitões mumificados. A adição de prebiótico na ração das matrizes adicionado ou não de probiótico, elevou a concentração de proteína no leite no 21º dia de lactação. No 14º dia de lactação, as concentrações de Clostridium perfringens foram menores nas fezes de matrizes que se alimentaram de probiótico. No 21º dia de lactação, as concentrações de Bifidobacterium nas fezes das matrizes foram estatisticamente menores no tratamento com prebiótico (T2). As concentrações de Enterobacteriaceae foram maiores nas fezes de matrizes que receberam a adição de probiótico (T3).
The objective of the present study was to in determine the effect of probiotic and/or prebiotic added to feed for sows. An entirely randomized design with 24 sows, 4 treatments and 6 replicates (T1 = control; T2 = prebiotic; T3 = probiotic; and T4 = prebiotic + probiotic) was used. The addition of probiotic and/or prebiotic decreased the number of mummified piglets. The addition of prebiotic to sow´s feed, with or without probiotic, increased the concentration of milk protein on the 21st day of lactation. On the14th day of lactation, the of Clostridium perfringens was smaller in the faeces of sows fed with probiotic (T3 and T4). On the 21st day of lactation, the concentration of Bifidobacterium in the faeces was statistically lower in sow food with prebiotic (T2). Concentrations of Enterobacteriaceae were higher in the faeces of sows that received probiotic (T3).