A prospective study of effectiveness of Mannheim peritonitis index scoring system in predicting the morbidity and mortality in peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation

Background: Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the peritoneal cavity, caused by a number of etiologic agents including bacteria, fungi, viruses, chemical irritants, and foreign bodies. The Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) is one of the simple scoring systems in use that allows the surgeon to easily determine outcome risk. Aims and objective: To estimate outcome of patients with perforation peritonitis. To evaluate effect of MPI score in identification of high risk cases.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 100 patients with peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation at surgical unit of tertiary care unit. The duration of study was 2 years. All the data was recorded. Written informed consent was obtained and data was analyzed using appropriate analysis strategy.Results: In this study, total 100 patients enrolled, out of which 54 % patients were in the age group <50 years and 46% patients were in the age group >50 years. Mortality was higher among patients with age group more than 50 years (21%) and in female patients (37.93%). 18 patients had organ failure. 87 patients had preoperative duration was >24 hours. 93% patients had non-colonic origin of sepsis. In 52 (52%) patients total MPI score was <21 while 25 (25%) patients total score was 21-29 and it was >29 in 23 (23%) patients. Mortality was higher among patients with MPI Score more than 29 (95.65%).Conclusions: MPI is accurate to be used with patients with peritonitis and should be considered reliable and simple reference for estimating their risk of death. This study differs in one adverse outcome variables, non-colonic origin of sepsis, we advocate need for further studies on Mannheim peritonitis index to include colonic origin of sepsis.

Evaluation of Mannheim peritonitis index to predict outcome of patients with hollow viscus perforation

Background: Acute generalized peritonitis from gastrointestinal hollow viscus perforation is a potentially life-threatening condition. Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) is a specific scoring system that facilitates early identification of patients with severe peritonitis for aggressive surgical approach and improved outcomes.Methods: A prospective observational study in 60 patients attending surgical emergency unit with perforation peritonitis was conducted to analyse the predictive capacity of MPI. MPI score was categorized into 3 groups: <21, 21 to 29 and >29. Data was compared for predicting mortality and morbidity. P value, chi square test and 95% CI were used as statistical tools.Results: Two thirds of 60 patients studied were younger than 50 years of age. Prognosis was poorer in patients above 50 years with age. 80% presented after 24 hours. Ileal perforation was the commonest etiology. Morbidity and mortality were worst in patients with MPI score >29.Conclusions: Mannheim peritonitis index is disease specific, easy to apply and effective scoring system predicting the outcome in perforation peritonitis, with increasing MPI score being directly proportional to higher mortality and morbidity of the patient.

A Comparative Study between Elebute and Stoner Grading and Mannheim Peritonitis Index in Prognostic Evaluation of Intraperitoneal Sepsis Due to Perforation Peritonitis in Suburban Teaching Hospital

Background: Peritonitis is one of the most common surgicalemergencies with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiplescoring systems have been proposed and assessed inpredicting the outcome in patients with peritonitis. A scoringsystem should be able to assess the need, type, and quality ofthe care required for a particular patient. Realizing the need fora simple and accurate scoring system in these conditions, thepresent study was undertaken to evaluate the Prognosticevaluation of intraperitoneal sepsis in perforation peritonitis byevaluating the efficacy of Elebute and Stoner grading andMannheim peritonitis index (MPI) in predicting the overall riskof morbidity and mortality in patients with peritonitis. This studywas conducted to identify the predicting ability of both thesescores and to compare MPI with Elebute and Stoner grading(ESG) system.Aim: To predict outcome of patients with peritonitis using theElebute and Stonjej grading of sepsis and Mannheim peritonitisindex in these patients and to predict the possible clinicaloutcome and to compare the results of both the scoringsystems.Patients & Methods: The present work is based on theobservations made in 48 patients of perforation peritonitisadmitted in surgical ward of Rama Medical College Hapur,Uttar Pradesh, India from March 2017 to March 2018. Thediagnosis of perforation peritonitis was made on the basis ofdetailed history, physical examination, investigations andoperative findings. A detailed record was maintained carefullyfor every patient and evaluation of Elebute and Stoner gradingof sepsis and Mannheim peritonitis index were made and thenresults of both the scoring systems are compared.Results: Comparison of both the scoring systems showed thatsensitivity was almost equal in both the scoring systems (80%).But specificity and accuracy were slightly improved withElebute and Stoner grading of sepsis (89.42% and 87.36% Vs84.16% and 83.22%) respectively. This may be because ofmore organ systems incorporated in Elebute and Stonergrading of sepsis like hepatobiliary system, temperature,bleeding diathesis, central nervous system which had not beenincorporated in Mannheim Peritonitis index.Conclusion: In the univariate analysis both scoring systemsstudied, were relatively accurate for identifying patients athigher risk for dying from peritonitis. It was found thatprediction among the dead was better than survived in both thescoring systems.

Validity of mannheim peritonitis index in predicting outcome of patients with perforative peritonitis in a tertiary care centre Kerala, India

Background: Perforation peritonitis is one of the most commonly encountered surgical emergencies in our country. The prognosis of secondary peritonitis remains poor despite development in diagnosis and management. Early identification of patients with severe peritonitis may help in selecting patients for aggressive surgical approach.Methods: The study was conducted in 128 cases of perforation peritonitis admitted and treated in the department of surgery in a tertiary care centre. Initial diagnosis was made on the basis of detailed history, clinical examination and presence of pneumoperitoneum on erect abdominal X-ray. Patients were first assessed using a predesigned Performa, then MPI score was calculated for each patient and the patients were followed-up till death or discharge from the hospital.Results: The ROC curve analysis shows area under the curve was 0.986 with a standard error of 0.008, 95% CI (0.971 to 1.001), p<0.0001. In our study authors found that for the MPI score of 26, sensitivity was 91.3% and specificity was 92.4%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 12.01 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.09. Age of the patient, presence of organ failure, associated malignancy, generalised type of peritonitis and the original MPI Score has got a significant association with the final outcome (i.e. p value <0.05).Conclusions: MPI is an excellent prognostic index for peritonitis with high accuracy in individual prognosis that is cheap, cost effective, easily measurable and reproducible. The study accentuates that early diagnosis, appropriate resuscitation and prompt surgical intervention still remain the keystones in the management of perforation peritonitis.

Utilidad del índice de Mannheim en pacientes con peritonitis difusa. 2012 -2014 / Usefulness of the Mannheim index in patients with diffuse peritonitis. 2012 -2014

Evaluar la viabilidad y utilidad del uso del índice de Mannheim en pacientes con peritonitis difusa como predictor de mortalidad en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Dr. Luis Razetti de Barinas, Venezuela. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, enmarcado en una investigación epidemiológica de campo no experimental, del 01 de enero 2012 hasta 30 junio 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 156 pacientes, 88 hombres (56,4 %) y 68 mujeres (43,6 %), con una edad promedio de 49,44 años. Índice de Mannheim promedio de 27,21 puntos. Mortalidad general de 22,4 % (35 fallecidos). Setenta y cuatro pacientes con puntaje menor de 26 y mortalidad específica de 1,35 %, 82 pacientes con puntaje mayor de 26 y mortalidad específica de 41,46 %. La falla orgánica estuvo en el 41,7% de los casos y en el 100 % de los fallecidos. Estancia hospitalaria promedio de 6,45 días. Sensibilidad del índice de Mannheim del 97,14 % y especificidad del 60,33 % como predictor de mortalidad. Conclusiones: el índice de peritonitis de Mannheim constituye una herramienta útil, reproducible y de fácil aplicación por el cirujano para el pronóstico de mortalidad en pacientes con peritonitis del Hospital Dr. Luis Razetti de Barinas, los pacientes con índice igual o mayor de 26 puntos presentan un peor pronóstico y mayor mortalidad, por lo que deben ir a sala de cuidados intermedios o críticos, aplicando y ajustando un adecuado manejo y tratamiento(AU)

To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of the use of the Mannheimen index in patients with diffuse peritonitis as a predictor of mortality in the General Surgery Service of the Dr. Luis Razetti Hospital in Barinas, Venezuela. Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, framed in a non-experimental field epidemiological investigation, from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014. Results: A total of 156 patients, 88 men (56.4 %) and 68 women (43.6 %), with an average age of 49.44 years. Average Mannheim index of 27.21 points. Overall mortality of 22.4 % (35 deaths). 74 patients with a score below 26 and specific mortality of 1.35 %, 82 patients with a score greater than 26 and a specific mortality of 41.46 %. Organic failure was in 41.7% of cases and 100 % of those killed. Hospital stay of 6.45 days on average. The study favors the Mannheim index as a predictor of mortality with a sensitivity of 97.14 %, and a specificity of 60.33 %. Conclusion: the Mannheim peritonitis index is a useful, reproducible and easily applied tool by the surgeon for the prognosis of mortality in patients with peritonitis, patients with an index equal to or greater than 26 points have a worse prognosis and higher mortality. what should go to the intermediate or critical care room, applying and adjusting proper management and treatment(AU)

Valor predictivo de mortalidad del indice de peritonitis de Mannheim / Predictive mortality value of the peritonitis index of Mannheim

OBJETIVO: Determinar el valor predictivo del índice de peritonitis de Mannheim en pacientes con peritonitis en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Es un estudio prospectivo, de 103 pacientes, mayores de 14 años, con diagnóstico de peritonitis, entre Noviembre 2004 - Abril 2005. Para su análisis se utilizo la prueba de chi cuadrado con coeficiente de Pearson, y la prueba de T de student. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron dos modalidades, primero los pacientes fueron divididos en 3 grupos, según el valor del índice de Mannheim, <21, de 21 a 29, y >29, y en 2 grupos, ≤26 y >26 puntos. Se realizó el estimado de sobrevida de Kaplan Meier, utilizando el programa estadístico STATA 8.0 RESULTADOS: se obtuvo una mortalidad del 50% en pacientes con índice mayor de 26 puntos. Se encontró una sensibilidad 95,9%, una especificidad del 80%, con un valor predictivo positivo 98,9% y un valor predictivo negativo del 50%. Al considerar 3 grupos, <21, 21-29 y >29 puntos, se encontró una mortalidad del 60% en pacientes con índice mayor de 29. Se realizó una curva de sobrevida obteniéndose una diferencia significativa con un p=0,0098.CONCLUSIONES: La clasificación en 3 grupos presenta diferencia estadísticamente significativa, por lo que se recomienda su uso para la evaluación e inicio de medidas agresivas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of the index of peritonitis of Mannheim in patients with peritonitis in the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study appears, of 103 patients, greater of 14 years, with I diagnose of peritonitis, between November 2004 to April 2005. For its analysis I am used the square test of chi with coefficient of Pearson, and the test of T of student. For the analysis of the data two modalities were used, the first patients were divided in 3 groups, according to the value of the index of Mannheim, < 21, of 21 to 29, and > 29, and in 2 groups, ≤ 26 and > 26 points. I am made considered of survival of Kaplan the Meier, using statistical program STATA 8.0. RESULTS: a mortality of 50% in patients with greater index of 26 points was obtained. One was a sensitivity 95.9%, a specificity of 80%, with positive a predictive value 98.9% and a negative predictive value of 50%. When considering 3 groups, < 21, 21-29 and > 29 points, was a mortality of 60% in patients with greater index of 29. I am made a survival curve obtaining itself a significant difference with a p=0, 0098. Figure 2. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the classification in 3 groups presents statistically significant difference, reason why recommended its use for the evaluation and beginning of aggressive measures.

Valor predictivo del índice de peritonitis de Mannheim en pacientes con colecistitis aguda / Predictive value of Mannheim's peritonitis rate in patients with acute cholecystitis

OBJETIVO: Determinar el valor predictivo del índice de peritonitis de Mannheim en los pacientes con diagnóstico de colecistitis aguda. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal correlacional en 40 pacientes con el diagnóstico de colecistitis aguda en el Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto, entre el 1ro. de julio de 2007 y el 30 de diciembre del 2008. Las variables de estudio fueron: valor de índice de peritonitis de Mannheim, edad, sexo, estado al egreso, factores de riesgo, leucocitosis, proceder quirúrgico y estudio histopatológico. La calidad diagnóstica del índice de peritonitis de Mannheim se midió en términos de sensibilidad y especificidad. El análisis ANOVA y la prueba t se emplearon para determinar la influencia y diferencias significativas entre variables; aquellas que demostraron significación se sometieron a regresión logística con valor p < 0,01 y odds ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento, para determinar los factores que de modo independiente influyeron sobre la mortalidad. RESULTADOS: El valor promedio de índice de peritonitis de Mannheim fue de18 (9-31), la mortalidad de la serie de 8 pacientes (20 por ciento). El punto de corte en la curva de operación característica del receptor fue de 23, con un área bajo la curva de ,957. El índice de peritonitis de Mannheim -0,09 [0,014, 0,57] (p= 0,0000) resultó la variable que se correlacionó con la mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: El índice de peritonitis de Mannheim constituye un sistema de puntuación exacto, oportuno y objetivo para evaluar a pacientes con colecistitis aguda que puede ayudar en la selección de estos para un enfoque terapéutico adecuado

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of Mannheim's peritonitis rate in patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study was conducted in 40 patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis seen in Dr. Luis Díaz Soto Central Military Hospital from July 1, 2007 to December 30, 2008. Study variable included: value of Mannheim's peritonitis rate, age, sex, status at discharge, risk factors, leukocytosis, surgical procedure and histopathological study. Diagnostic quality of above mentioned rate was measured in terms of sensitivity and specificity. ANOVA analysis and t test were used to determine the influence and the significant differences among variables; those more significance underwent to a logistic regression analysis with a value of p< 0.01 and odds ratio with a 95 percent CI to determine the factors that in a independent way influenced on mortality. RESULTS: Average value of Mannheim's peritonitis rate was of 18 (9-31), mortality rate in 8 patients (20 percent). Cut-point in operation wave characteristic of recipient was of 23, with an area under the curve of .957. Above mentioned rate -0.09 [0.014, 0.57] (p= 0.0000) was the variable correlated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The Mannheim's peritonitis rate is a exact, timely and objective mark helping in the selection of these features to a appropriate therapeutical approach

Clinical features of 307 cases of chronic pancreatitis in China based on the M-ANNHEIM classification system / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, etiology and risk factors of chronic pancreatitis guided by the M-ANNHEIM classification of chronic pancreatitis and to evaluate the validity and clinical significance of this classification. Methods A review of clinical data of inpatients in our hospital from December 2007 to December 2009 was conducted. The classification was carried out according to the pancreatitis were enrolled. There were 256 adult patients and 51 children and adolescent patients (age of onset<18 yr). Among these cases, 129(42%) reported a drinking history. 110 cases (35.8%) had a smoking history, 31 cases (10.1%) presented with hyperlipoidemia. 12 cases had some factors related to pancreatic duct such as pancreas divisum, pancreas trauma. There were 231 (75.2%) cases with calcification of pancreas, 45 (14.7%) with exocrine insufficiency (steatorrhea), 58 (18.9%) with endocrine dysfunction (diabetes mellitus), 32 (10.4%) underwent pancreatic surgeries, and 39 (12.7%) with pancreatic pseudocysts, biliary obstruction, pancreatic cancer and other severe complications. The M-ANNHEIM clinical staging of chronic pancreatitis was: no case in stage 0, 220(71.7%) cases in stage Ⅰ , 69(22.5%) cases in stage Ⅱ ,12(3.9%) cases in stage Ⅲ and 6 cases in stage Ⅳ. The mean value of the M-ANNHEIM score and severity index was 7.78,69 (22.5%) cases were in the minor level, 174 (56.7%) were in the increased level,62(20.2%) cases were in the advanced level. Conclusions The M-ANNHEIM classification of chronic pancreatitis is a simple, objective, accurate and noninvasive tool in clinical practice. This new classification system will be helpful for investigating the impact and interaction of various risk factors on the course of the disease.