RESUMEN
In recent years, the oceans have provided an important source of highly promising new anti-tumor drugs for innovation and screening, with approximately 56% of biologically active compounds being discovered to have anti-tumor effects each year. In this study, we classified and summarized the approved drugs of marine origin in terms of anti-tumor therapy, and firstly, we briefly overviewed the role of the immune system in cancer pathogenesis and discussed the current dilemma of cancer immunotherapy and highlighted the main anti-tumor targets of marine drugs. Further, with a focus on tumor immunity, we classified and outlined the history of currently approved marine original drugs by species origin, structural features, relevant pathways, and clinical application and therapy. Lastly, the limitations of current marine drug research were discussed, as well as prospects and trends in new drug development.
RESUMEN
Marine oils are today valuable products with widely nutritional and food applications because of their high content of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Originally, marine oils were by-products from the manufacture of fish meal. However, research in the last years has demonstrated important health benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for both humans and animals. The present work reviews the health and nutritional effects of the most important omega-3 marine oils fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid fDHAJ), the nutritional bioavailabitity of these fatty acids, the technological alternatives to include them into different foods, and the actual great valorization of DHA. Also, it discusses the incorporation of these fatty acids to public nutritional and health policies, and the technological challenge that must be encouraged by the fish oil producers to incorporate into their manufacture practices to the requirements of the new nutritional utilization of these valuable products.
Los aceites de origen marino son hoy en día valiosos productos con gran aplicación nutricional y alimentaria por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3 de cadena larga. Originalmente estos aceites eran solo un sub-producto de la fabricación de harina de pescado. Sin embargo, la investigación en los últimos años ha demostrado sus importantes beneficios en la salud tanto humana como animal. El presente trabajo analiza los efectos en la salud y en la nutrición de los principales ácidos grasos omega-3 de origen marino (eicosapentaenoico, EPA y docosahexaenoico, DHA), la biodisponibilidad nutritional de estos ácidos grasos, las alternativas tecnológicas para incorporarlos a diferentes alimentos, la gran valorización actual del DHA, la incorporación de los ácidos grasos omega-3 a las políticas públicas de salud y nutrición, y el desafío tecnológico que significa para las actuales empresas productoras de aceite de pescado el incorporarse a esta nueva modalidad de utilización nutricional de este valioso producto.