RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to test the efficiency of plant extracts, metaldehyde and saline solutions, as alternatives to the population control of the snail Bradybaena similaris , and to investigate the effect of the plant extracts in reducing the damage of the snail on Brassica oleracea . The experiments were performed at the Entomology Laboratory of the Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), using a random experimental design with nine treatments in triplicate. Five adult individuals of B. similaris were subjected to each trial, totaling 135 snails. The following treatments were tested: cinnamon ( Melia azedarach ), timbó ( Ateleia glazioveana ), rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ), mate herb ( Ilex paraguariensis ), two concentrations of metaldehyde (3% and 5%), two concentrations of salt solution (5% and 10 %), and a control treatment (distilled water). To evaluate the survival of B. similaris it was checked the treatments every 24 hours, over four consecutive days. The results revealed that the two concentrations of metaldehyde were fully efficient, that the saline solution (10%) had and intermediate efficiency, and that all other treatments were not effective. The treatment with the M. azedarach extract induced a higher consumption of B. oleracea , while the saline solution at 10% and the extracts of R. officinalis and I. paraguariensis inhibited leaf consumption.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de extratos vegetais, metaldeído e soluções salinas como alternativas para o controle populacional de Bradybaena similaris e o efeito dos extratos para a redução dos danos sobre Brassica oleracea , em condições de laboratório (Laboratório de Entomologia da Unochapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina). O experimento foi conduzido utilizando cinco indivíduos adultos de B. similares para cada um dos nove tratamentos em triplicatas, totalizando 135 caracóis. Os seguintes tratamentos foram testados: extrato de cinamomo ( Melia azedarach ), timbó ( Ateleia glazioveana ), alecrim ( Rosmarinus officinalis ), erva-mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ), metaldeído (3% e 5%), soluções salinas (5% e 10%) e a testemunha (água destilada). Para avaliação dos dados, foi determinada a taxa de sobrevivência de B. similaris a cada 24 horas em um período de quatro dias. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as duas concentrações de metaldeído foram eficientes, a solução salina (10%) apresentou eficiência intermediária, enquanto os demais tratamentos não foram eficazes. Observou-se que o tratamento com extrato de M. azedarach induziu a um consumo maior de B. oleracea , enquanto a solução salina a 10% e os extratos de R. officinalis e I. paraguariensis inibiram o consumo.
RESUMEN
Gran cantidad de población consume cotidianamente infusiones, como el Té, Manzanilla y Yerba Mate. Diferentes estudios han determinado sus efectos benéficos en los seres humanos, razón por la cual, para este estudio se han seleccionado aquellas infusiones de uso habitual con el fin de caracterizar sus efectos inmediatos sobre las propiedades de la saliva. Con grupos de 37 sujetos sanos, entre 18-23 años, de bajo riesgo cariogénico se obtuvieron 3 muestras de saliva no estimulada: Basal; Post-ingesta de Agua Destilada (Placebo) y Post-ingesta Infusión (Té Negro, Té Verde, Mate, Manzanilla y Manzanilla con Endulzante), respectivamente. Todas las pruebas fueron realizadas bajo condiciones estándar. Se determinó el flujo salival (ml/min), pH mediante pH-metro (PL-600, GOnDO Electronics Co, TW) y capacidad buffer mediante método de Ericsson. Todos los datos se procesaron mediante la prueba ANOVA con el programa Origin 6.0. El promedio de Flujo Salival Basal (0,51 ml/min) tiende a aumentar destacando el efecto de la Manzanilla con Endulzante (0,63 ml/min); el pH basal (7,25) se mantuvo relativamente constante, y la Capacidad Buffer (4,38) también tiende a aumentar destacando la Manzanilla (5,01). El efecto de algunas infusiones es positivo sobre las propiedades salivales, destacando la Infusión de Manzanilla, Manzanilla con Endulzante y Yerba Mate las cuales aumentan significativamente el flujo y la capacidad buffer salival, lo cual sugiere un efecto benéfico en la prevención de caries.
A great number of the population consumes daily a variety of infusions such as Tea, Chamomile and Mate Herb. Different studies have determined their favorable effects in human beings, for this reason those infusions habitually used have been selected for this study, in order to characterize their immediate effects on the saliva properties. We studied groups of 37 healthy subjects, between 18-23 years of age, with low caries risk, and obtained 3 samples of non-stimulated saliva: Basal; Post-ingestion of Distilled Water (Placebo); Post-ingestion of Infusion (Black Tea, Green Tea, Mate Herb, Chamomile and Chamomile with Sucralose). All the tests were realized under standard conditions. We measured, salivary flow (ml/min); pH with pH-meter (PL-600, GOnDO Electronics Co, TW) and buffer capacity with Ericsson's method. All the information was processed with Anova Test in Origin 6.0. Our results showed the average of Salivary Basal Flow (0.51 ml/min) tends to increase standing out the effect of Chamomile with Sucralose (0.63 ml/min), the basal pH (7.25) was maintained relatively constant, and finally the Buffer Capacity (4.38) also tends to increase, emphasizing Chamomile (5.01). The effect of some infusions is positive on the salivary properties, emphasizing the Infusion of Chamomile, Chamomile with Sucralose and Mate Herb, which increase significantly the flow and the salivary buffer capacity. This suggests a favorable effect in the prevention of caries.