RESUMEN
RESUMO O desenvolvimento infantil é um processo gradual e contínuo dividido em estágios para fins teóricos. Os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos podem influenciar de modo positivo ou negativo na evolução do lactente. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência do ensino superior materno e da renda familiar no Desenvolvimento Motor (DM) de lactentes. Estudo transversal, que avaliou 106 crianças, oriundas do programa de follow-up de uma maternidade de referência no Amazonas. Foram aplicados dois questionários (roteiro de anamnese e perfil socioeconômico); e, em seguida, Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta para avaliar o DM desses lactentes. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados dados descritivos e teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer, com p ≤ 0,05. O maior grau de escolaridade materna estava relacionada com a tipicidade do DM (71,4%, com p = 0,04), em contrapartida, uma menor renda familiar, apesar de ter apresentado maior percentual em crianças atípicas (51,9%), não demonstrou uma relação significativa com a atipicidade do DM. Foi observado que, na amostra, a escolaridade materna possuiu maior impacto para o adequado DM quando comparado à renda familiar. Tal fato parece estar relacionado com o maior grau de instrução materna, o qual implica o melhor assistencialismo infantil ante cuidados gerais e estimulações.
ABSTRACT Child development is a gradual and continuous process divided into stages for theoretical purposes. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can positively or negatively influence the evolution of the infant. The objective was to evaluate the influence of maternal higher education and family income on the Motor Development (MD) of infants. It was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 106 children from the follow-up program of a reference maternity hospital in Amazonas. Two questionnaires were applied (anamnesis script and socioeconomic profile); and then Alberta Infant Motor Scale to assess the MD of those infants. For statistical analysis, descriptive data and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used, with p ≤ 0.05. The higher level of maternal education was related to the typicality of MD (71.4%, with p = 0.04), on the other hand, a lower family income, despite having presented a higher percentage in atypical children (51.9%), did not demonstrate a significant relationship with MD atypicality. It was observed that, in our sample, maternal schooling had a greater impact on adequate MD when compared to family income. This fact seems to be related to the higher level of maternal education, which implies better child care, in the face of general care and stimulation.
RESUMEN
En esta investigación se analizó cómo el nivel académico de madres de niños en edad preescolar se relaciona con sus metas de socialización. Utilizando una metodología mixta se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 172 madres de niños entre 3 y 4 años y medio de edad que viven en Bogotá y varios municipios de la zona cundiboyacense. Las entrevistas fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido de tipo categorial para calcular la frecuencia con que se mencionaron distintas metas de socialización y examinar si hubo una relación significativa entre el nivel de formación académica de las madres y su preferencia por metas de socialización asociadas a la independencia o la interdependencia. Los resultados indican que a mayor nivel académico, mayor es el énfasis en metas de socialización asociadas a la independencia.
This research examined how academic level of mothers of preschoolers relates to their socialization goals. Using a mixed methodology, structured interviews were applied to 172 mothers of children between 3 and 4 1/2 years old, who lived in Bogotá and several municipalities of the Cundinamarca-Boyacá area. The interviews were analyzed through categorical content analysis to calculate the frequency with which different socialization goals were mentioned, and to examine whether there was a significant relationship between the level of education of mothers and their preference for socialization goals associated with independence and / or interdependence. The results indicate that the higher the educational level, the greater the emphasis on socialization goals associated with independence.