Effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid on intestinal barrier function in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid on intestinal barrier functions in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome and primarily explore the mechanism. The rat model of dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome was established, and then the modeled rats were randomly divided into the model control group, Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid high and low dose groups, and natural recovery group according to gender and body weight, with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 rats were taken as blank control group. After each group received the corresponding treatment for 7 days, rat serum was isolated. D-lactic acid content was detected by the MTT method, and diamine oxidase(DAO) activity was detected by the rate method. Colon tissues of the rats were isolated to detect Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase activity by phosphate determination method, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was detected by spectrophotometry, catalase(CAT) activity was detected by ammonium molybdate, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was detected by hydroxylamine, the expression of occludin protein and ZO-1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of occludin protein and ZO-1 protein were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:: showed that low dose Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid could improve the body weight, diet, stool and urine state of rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome obviously. The D-lactic acid content and the DAO activity in the serum of rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome were reduced obviously. The activities of Na~+-K~+-ATPase, Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD in rat colon tissues were increased obviously. The occludin proteins and ZO-1 protein expression levels in rat colon tissues were raised obviously. The differences in the above indexes between Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid group and the model control group were statistically significant(P<0.05). Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid could effectively restore the intestinal barrier function in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome and its mechanism may be related to the repair of intestinal mechanical barrier function.

Study on Repair Effect of Artificial Isaria cicadae on Intestinal Mucosal Injury Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the repair effect of artificial Isaria cicadae on intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） in rats. METHODS： Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， artificial I. cicadae high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （3.5， 1.75， 0.875 g/kg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal group， other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU （0.25 g/10 mL） 30 mg/kg， once a day， for consecutive 5 days. At the same time， each group was given relevant medicine/normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 8 d. After medication， body weight of rat was determined in each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological change of small intestine. The levels of biobarrier-related factor [endotoxin （ET）， D-lactic acid （D-LA）]， immune barrier related factors （TNF-α， IFN-γ， sIgA， IL-15， G-CSF in serum and MPO， MDA in small intestine） and the levels of mechanical barrier related factors （connexin ZO-1 and Claudin-1） were detected. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， body weight of rats in model group was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Intestinal villus exfoliated obviously， the crypt structure was scattered， a large number of inflammatory cells gathered， and intestinal mucosa was seriously damaged. Serum levels of ET and D-LA， the levels of TNF-a， IFN-γ， MPO and G-CSF in serum， MDA level in small intestine were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum levels of sIgA and IL-15 as well as the expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in small intestine were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， body weight of rats in artificial I. cicadae high-dose group was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The pathological changes of the small intestine of rats in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. The intestine morphology of artificial I. cicadae high-dose and medium-dose groups was close to that of the normal group. The levels of and ET， D-LA， TNF-α， IFN-γ， MPO， G-CSF in serum and the level of MDA in intestinal were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum levels of   sIgA and IL-15 in administration groups as well as the expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in intestinal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Artificial I. cicadae can repair intestinal mucosal damage caused by 5-FU in respects of mechanical barrier， immune barrier， biological barrier.

A research on anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine Changweishu on sepsis patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and its protective effect on intestinal mechanical barrier / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

ObjectiveTo study the anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Changweishu on sepsis patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and its protective effect on intestinal mechanical barrier.Methods A prospective research method was conducted. Fifty sepsis patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction admitted into Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of Hebei Provincial TCM Hospital from October 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled, and they were divided into a conventional treatment of western medicine control group and a TCM Changweishu group according to the random number table method, 25 cases in each group. The conventional western medicine treatment was given to both groups, and in TCM Changweishu group, additionally Changweishu 1 dose per day, a mixture of following ingredients constituting one dose without decoction, was applied, including: rhubarb 9 g, dandelion 20 g, green tangerine peel 15 g, angelica sinensis radix 15 g, red and white peony each 12 g, rhizome ligusticum 9 g, agrimony 20 g, coptidis rhizoma 6 g, rhizoma pinelliae 6 g, fructus trichosanthis 15 g, garden burnet root 20 g, poria 20 g, and taken once 1/2 dose in the morning and once 1/2 dose in the evening by oral or nasal feeding. After treatment for 7 days, the level changes of inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and gastrointestinal dysfunction indexes of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid in the two groups were observed.Results After treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB-1, DAO, D-lactic acid in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment [the western medicine control group: TNF-α (A value) 10.89±1.65 vs. 50.30± 1.58, IL-6 (A value) 7.35±1.85 vs. 12.66 ± 1.43, HMGB1 (A value) 5.28 ±1.64 vs. 6.23±0.95, DAO (A value) 5.87±0.59 vs. 6.67±0.49, D-lactic acid (A value) was 2.63±0.17 vs. 4.58±0.16; TCM changweishu group: TNF -α (A value) 5.38±1.19 vs. 51.23±2.34, IL-6 (A value) 5.54±1.26 vs. 13.24±1.78, HMGB1 (A value) 3.69±1.09 vs. 6.14±1.42, DAO (A value) was 3.39± 0.40 vs. 6.70±0.34, D-lactic acid (A value) 1.95±0.13 vs. 4.63±0.11, allP < 0.05]. After treatment, the degrees of decline in indexes of TCM Changweishu group were more obvious than those in western medicine control group [TNF-α(A value) 5.38±1.19 vs. 10.89±1.65, IL-6 (A value) 5.54±1.26 vs. 7.35±1.85, HMGB1 (A value) 3.69 ±1.09 vs.5.28±1.64, DAO (A value) 3.93±0.40 vs. 5.87±0.59, D-lactic acid (A value) 1.95±0.13 vs. 2.63±0.17, allP <0.05].Conclusions TCM Changweishu has protective effect on sepsis patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, and its mechanisms are the amelioration of damage in intestinal tract mechanical barrier, decrease of permeability of intestinal mucosa and inhibition of levels of inflammatory factors.

Periodontal inflammation affects the mechanical and immune barrier functions of mice gut / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of periodontal inflammation on the functions of gut barrier (ecological barrier, mechanical barrier, and immune barrier) in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into perio-dontitis (P) or control (C) groups. The P group was subjected under a 10-day ligation with Porphyromonas gingivalis to induce periodontitis, whereas the C group was ligated with sham. Maxillae were obtained to assess alveolar bone loss. The phylogenetic structure and diversity of microbial communities in the gut were analyzed by 16s rRNA pyrosequencing. Immunohisto-chemical analysis was performed to determine the expressions of occludin, claudin2, and NOD2 in the ileum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Com-pared with the C group, the P group displayed significant alveolar bone loss (P<0.001). In addition, no significant influence on the main phyla and genus Parabacteroides of the two groups was observed (P>0.05). However, the ileum of the P group showed significantly upregulated occludin, claudin2, and NOD2 (P=0.039, P=0.011, and P=0.039, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Periodontal inflammation influences to some extent the mechanical and immune barrier functions of the mice gut. 
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Postoperative peritoneal adhesion in clinical treatment / 国际外科学杂志

Peritoneal adhesion is one of the common complications of abdominal and pelvic operations,the impact of which is immense in terms of human suffering and substantial socio-economic burden.There is an urgent need for a more effective understanding of the disease process and its etiology,to evaluate the pharmacologic,mechanical,and surgical adjuvant strategies to minimize peritoneal adhesion formation.

Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier in Guinea Pig Model of Pigment Gallstone / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the correlation between intestinal mucosal immune barrier and pathogenesis of pigment gallstone and its possible mechanism.Methods Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(group CON),pigment gallstone group(group PS),and intestinal mucosal protection group(group GLN).The guinea pigs were fed with normal diet in group CON,pigment gallstonein during diet in group PS,and glutamine-supplemented diet in group GLN for 8 weeks.The guinea pig model of pigment gallstone was established.The incidence of pigment gallstone was detected.The morphology of intestinal mucosa was observed,and the numbers of CD3~+T cell,CD40~+B cell,and IgA~+ plasma cell were counted.Results The incidence of pigment gallstone was significantly higher in group PS than in groups GLN and CON(P＜0.05).Compared with group CON,the intestinal wall was significant thinner and represented obvious signs of inflammation in group PS,and the numbers of CD3~+ T cell,CD40~+ B cell,and IgA~+ plasma cell significantly decreased(CD3~+ T cell,21.8±2.5 vs 11.1±3.4,P＜0.01;CD 40~+B cell,12.9±2.0 vs 10.7±3.6,P＜0.01;IgA~+ plasma cell,12.4±3.4 vs 10.7±3.5,P＜0.01).The signs of inflammation were less severe in group GLN than in group PS.There were significant differences in the numbers of CD3~+ T cell,CD40~+ B cell,and IgA~+plasma cell between groups GLN and PS.Conclusion Intestinal barrier dysfunction,including mechanical barrier and immune barrier,is involved in the formation of pigment gallstone.Glutamine has proved to improve the function of intestinal mucosal barrier and decrease the incidence of pigment gallstone.

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on small intestinal barrier function in rats / 中华内科杂志

Objective To approach the effect on mechanical barricade of the mucous membrane of small intestine caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The rats of the model group were given 7.5 mg/kg diclofenac by gavage,bid;the rats of the control group were given the same dose of saline.Then thev were further randomly divided into two subgroups(n=8)at the first day and the fifth day after making the models to observe the scores of anatomical lesion on stomach and small intestine and the scores of tissue damage of mucous membrane and to quantitatively analyze the height of villi,as well as the thickness and the section area of mucous membrane with Carl Zeiss Imaging Systems.Observation of the change of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane was carried out with transmission electron microscope.Results The mucous membrane of stomach of the model groups was slightly edematous.There was no difference between the scores of the model groups and control groups.It was seen that the mucous membrane of small intestine of the first day model group presented with erythema,anabrosis and ulcer.The ulcer was distributed along mesentery.The mucous membrane of small intestine of the fifth day model group showed bleeding,perforation and sinus tract formation,and the scores of anatomical lesion was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The scroes of the lesions of the first and fifth day model groups were 3.5 and 5.0.The difference had statistical significance when compared with those of the control groups(the scores were O)(P＜0.05).Cell degeneration and cellular necrosis of epithelial mueosa of small intestine wag also seen in the first day model group.The top of villi was ablated.The height of the pile on jejunum was (126.9±32.0)μm and that on ileum wag(118.6±22.9)μm They were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).However there was no difference of the thickness and section area between them,but the thickness and section area showed a tendency of decrease.It was also seen that there were apomorphosis and sphacelism of epithelial cells in the fifth day model group.Some villi were ablated and laminae propna exposed.The height of villi on jejunum[(73.4±25.4)μm]and that on ileum[(109.3±17.6)μm]decreased significantiy.The thickness of mucous membrane[(123.8±51.6)μm and(165.7±37.4)μm]decreased alnd the section area[(2.48±1.01)mm2 and(3.27±0.76)mm2]became smaller(P＜0.05 vs control group).The mucous membrane of the villi on small intestine wag continuous but arranged disorderly.Cytochondriome swelled,endocytoplasmic reticulia expanded with different degrees,intercellular junction widened Dartly.The microviili in the fifth day model group were ablated more obviously and intercellular iunctions were broken and destroyed gravely.Conclusions Diclofenac can cause damage to the function of mucous membrane barricade of small intestine.It could also lead to shortening of the villi,thinning of the mucous membrane,ablation of the microvilli,and widening of the tight intercellular junction as the characteristic morphological change.