RESUMEN
@#Patent foramen ovale(PFO)is a congenital heart disease with a relatively high prevalence in the population.Past studies have clarified its association with strokes and recognized the significance of PFO closure for PFO-related strokes.In recent years,research on diseases related to PFO has gradually increased and deepened our understanding.Meanwhile,the number of closure treatments for PFO in China has also significantly increased.This article reviews the latest research progress in the PFO field for the year 2023,mainly including the expansion of the spectrum of PFO-related diseases(such as epilepsy,unexplained syncope,etc.),exploration of the mechanisms of disease,and means of risk assessment.Regarding PFO closure treatment,this article introduces the latest research results concerning the effects of closure and prognosis,as well as the relationship between closure treatment and atrial fibrillation.China has always been in a leading position in the development of new devices for PFO closure,and this article also introduces the latest achievements in this area.
RESUMEN
Randomness is intrinsic to many natural processes. It is also clear that, under certain conditions, disorders are not associatedwith functionality. Several examples in which overcoming, suppressing, or combining both randomness and non-randomness is required are drawn from various fields. However, the need to suppress or overcome randomness does not negateits importance under certain conditions and its significance in valid processes and organ functions. Randomness should beacknowledged rather than ignored or suppressed; it can be viewed, at worst, as a disturbing disorder that may be treated toproduce order, or, at best, as a ‘beneficial disorder’ that can be considered as a higher level of functionality.