Você está pensando, refletindo, analisando o que você vê e o que você faz o tempo todo: percepção de residentes de Medicina de Família e Comunidade sobre vídeo feedback / You are thinking, reflecting, analysing what you see and what you do all the time: perception of General Practice trainees about video feedback / Estás pensando, reflexionando, analizando lo que ves y lo que haces todo el tiempo: percepción de los residentes de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria sobre vídeo feedback

Introdução: A comunicação é reconhecida como uma habilidade central por vários órgãos reguladores internacionais da educação médica. O ensino específico de habilidades de comunicação é fundamental para melhorar a comunicação dos médicos. As técnicas experienciais mostraram superioridade em comparação com os modelos tradicionais. A utilização de consultas reais ajuda os estudantes a visualizar melhor as suas competências de entrevista e a refletir sobre elas. Com os avanços da tecnologia, o uso de consultas médicas gravadas em vídeo tornou-se a abordagem padrão para o ensino da comunicação. No entanto, a eficácia dessa técnica depende do envolvimento ativo dos estudantes. As suas contribuições e comentários dos pares sobre a consulta gravada são essenciais para a aprendizagem. Contudo, a perspectiva do estudante sobre a utilidade dessa abordagem educativa recebeu pouca atenção. Objetivos: Compreender a percepção da aprendizagem dos residentes de medicina de família e comunidade resultante da atividade de vídeo feedback na sua formação profissional. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com residentes do primeiro ano de medicina de família e comunidade de um programa de residência estabelecido em São Paulo, Brasil. Os participantes foram entrevistados após as sessões educativas, que foram analisadas por meio de análise temática reflexiva. Resultados: A autopercepção de sua prática, o aprendizado de habilidades de comunicação e os ganhos afetivos foram identificados pelos participantes como pontos de aprendizado derivados da atividade de vídeo feedback. Além disso, sobre o aprendizado de habilidades específicas de comunicação, eles mencionaram comunicação não-verbal e verbal, conexões entre teoria e prática, estrutura de consulta e oportunidades para cristalizar conhecimentos. Os ganhos afetivos incluíram sentir-se parte de um grupo, melhora da autoestima, superação de inseguranças, percepção de consultas mais efetivas, reforço do gosto pelo trabalho e reconhecer a necessidade de mais aprendizado. Conclusões: Os ganhos de aprendizagem identificados em nosso estudo levaram a uma experiência de humanidade compartilhada, que permite aos participantes serem mais efetivos técnica e afetivamente com seus pacientes. Além disso, identificamos que a atividade educativa de vídeo feedback pode ser utilizada para outros possíveis fins educacionais além do ensino da comunicação.

Introduction: Communication is recognized as a central skill by various international medical education regulatory bodies. Specific teaching on communication skills is important to enhance doctors' communication. Experiential techniques appear to be superior compared to traditional models. Real-life consultation helps trainees visualize their interview skills and reflect on them. Upgraded by technology, the use of video-recorded medical visits became the standard approach for communication teaching. However, the effectiveness pf this technique relies on trainees' active involvement. Their inputs and peer feedback on the recorded consultation are essential to learning. Despite its importance, their perspective on the usefulness of video feedback in medical education has received limited attention. Objective: To understand the perception of learning among general practice trainees as a result of the video feedback activity in their vocational training. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study, conducted with first-year general practice trainees from an established training program in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were interviewed after educational session, which were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Self-perception of their practice, communication skills learning, and affective gains were identified by participants as learning points derived from the video feedback activity. Furthermore, for specific communication skills learning, they mentioned nonverbal and verbal communication, theory and practice connections, consultation structure and opportunities for crystallizing knowledge. Affective gains included feeling part of a group, improving self-esteem, overcoming insecurities, perception of more effective consultations, reinforcing fondness for their work, and need for more learning. Conclusions: The learning gains identified in our study led to an experience of common humanity, which allowed participants to be more technically and affectively effective with their patients. Also, we identified that the video feedback educational activity can be used for other possible educational purposes, beyond the teaching of communication.

Introducción: La comunicación es reconocida como una habilidad fundamental por varios organismos reguladores internacionales de educación médica. La enseñanza específica de habilidades de comunicación es importante para mejorar la comunicación de los médicos. Las técnicas experienciales parecen ser superiores a los modelos tradicionales. El uso de consultas reales ayuda a los estudiantes a visualizar y reflexionar mejor sobre sus habilidades de entrevista. Actualizado por la tecnología, el uso de consultas médicas grabadas en video se ha convertido en el enfoque estándar para la enseñanza de la comunicación. Sin embargo, para que la técnica funcione, la participación de los estudiantes es crucial. Sus contribuciones y comentarios de los compañeros sobre la consulta grabada son esenciales para el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, la perspectiva de los estudiantes sobre la utilidad de este enfoque educativo ha recibido poca atención. Objetivos: Comprender la percepción del aprendizaje por parte de los residentes de medicina de familia y comunitaria como resultado de la actividad de vídeo feedback en su formación profesional. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado con residentes de primer año de medicina familiar y comunitaria de un programa de residencia establecido en São Paulo, Brasil. Los participantes fueron entrevistados después de una sesión educativa, que fueron analizados mediante análisis temático reflexivo. Resultados: La autopercepción de su práctica, el aprendizaje de habilidades comunicativas y las ganancias afectivas fueron identificadas por los participantes como puntos de aprendizaje derivados de la actividad de vídeo feedback. Además, sobre el aprendizaje de habilidades comunicativas específicas, mencionaron la comunicación verbal y no verbal, las conexiones entre la teoría y la práctica, la estructura de consulta y las oportunidades para cristalizar conocimientos. En cuanto a las ganancias afectivas, relataron sentirse parte de un grupo, mejora de la autoestima, superación de las inseguridades, percepción de consultas más efectivas, refuerzo del gusto por el trabajo y necesidad de más aprendizaje. Conclusión: Los logros de aprendizaje identificados en nuestro estudio llevaron a una experiencia de humanidad compartida, que permite a los participantes ser técnica y afectivamente más efectivos con sus pacientes. Además, identificamos que la actividad educativa de vídeo feedback puede ser utilizada para otros posibles fines educativos, además de la enseñanza de la comunicación.

Aprendizagem baseada em projeto e a formação médica: relato de experiência introduzindo questões para o debate interprofissional / Project-based learning and medical education: experience report introducing issues for interprofessional debate / El aprendizaje basado en proyecto y la formación médica: informe de experiencia que introduce cuestiones para el debate interprofesional

A aprendizagem baseada em projeto orientada pelos fundamentos da educação interprofissional é um modelo que pode contribuir para a formação de relacionamentos interpessoais, criatividade, empatia e colaboração na educação médica, por meio de uma colaboração mútua com profissionais de saúde da rede. Muito se fala da efetividade desse método no campo do ensino e aprendizagem médica, mas há a necessidade de incluir a importância do desenvolvimento de habilidades interprofissionais, com equipes colaborativas, em ações extensionistas, diante das necessidades locais no contexto da atenção primária, pensando na melhoria dos resultados de saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de experiência de aprendizagem baseada em projeto de estudantes de Medicina no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Participaram deste trabalho estudantes do Módulo Integração Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri que executaram, em colaboração com uma equipe interprofissional o projeto sobre a saúde do homem. Como resultado da análise qualitativa do feedback entre os integrantes, observaram-se mudanças no comportamento dos estudantes, com melhorias na comunicação, empatia e nas relações interpessoais, por meio do trabalho colaborativo com a equipe interprofissional. Esta experiência poderá ser adaptada para implementar o ensino e aprendizagem no projeto pedagógico orientado pela educação interprofissional na atenção primária.

Project-based learning guided by the fundamentals of interprofessional education is a model that can contribute to the formation of interpersonal relationships, creativity, empathy and collaboration within medical education, through mutual collaboration with health professionals in the health network. Much has been said about the effectiveness of this method in medical teaching and learning, but there is a need to include the importance of developing interprofessional skills, with collaborative teams, within extension actions, in view of local needs in the context of primary care, thinking about the improved health outcomes. The objective of this work was to present a report of a project-based learning experience of medical students in Family Health Strategy. Students from the Teaching, Service and Community Integration Module of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri participated in this work, executing in collaboration with an interprofessional team a project about men's health. As a result of the qualitative analysis of the feedback among the members, changes in student behavior were observed with improvements in communication, empathy and interpersonal relationships through collaborative work with the interprofessional team. This experience can be adapted to implement teaching and learning in the pedagogical project guided by interprofessional education in primary care.

El aprendizaje basado en proyectos y guiado por los fundamentos de la educación interprofesional es un modelo que puede contribuir a la formación de relaciones interpersonales, creatividad, empatía y colaboración dentro de la educación médica, a través de la colaboración mutua con los profesionales de la salud en la red de salud. Mucho se habla de la efectividad de este método dentro de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje médico, pero es necesario incluir la importancia del desarrollo de habilidades interprofesionales, con equipos colaborativos, dentro de las acciones de extensión, frente a las necesidades locales en el contexto de la atención primaria, pensando sobre los mejores resultados de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un informe de experiencia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos de estudiantes de medicina en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Participaron en este trabajo estudiantes del Módulo Integración Enseñanza, Servicio y Comunidad de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri que ejecutaron en colaboración con un equipo interprofesional el proyecto sobre la salud del hombre. Como resultado del análisis cualitativo de la retroalimentación entre los integrantes, se observaron cambios en el comportamiento de los estudiantes con mejoras en la comunicación, la empatía y las relaciones interpersonales a través del trabajo colaborativo con el equipo interprofesional. Esta experiencia puede adaptarse para implementar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el proyecto pedagógico guiado por la educación interprofesional en atención primaria.

Revitalizing neurology practice: integrating health humanities, neurobiology, and digital innovation / Revitalizando a prática em neurologia: integrando as humanidades em saúde, neurobiologia e inovação digital

Rapid changes in medical education are being fueled by advancements in science, technology, and societal structures. However, the traditional medical curriculum often struggles to keep pace with the evolving demands of medical practice in light of these advancements. Neurology presents distinctive challenges in modern medicine, requiring innovative solutions to improve patient care and support the well-being of healthcare providers. This essay delves into the intricate issues encountered by neurologists, such as the diminishing interpersonal connections in the medical field and the prevalent issue of burnout among professionals, exacerbated by outdated educational programs. This research advocates for a comprehensive approach to enhancing neurology practice through the perspectives of Medical Humanities (MH) and neurobiology, within the evolving realm of Neurohumanities. By integrating stateof-the-art neurobiological findings, MH/Neurohumanities, and a focus on empathy, the article proposes practical strategies to rejuvenate clinical practice and bolster the resilience of neurology practitioners. Furthermore, it underscores the untapped potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning while examining how the digital ecosystem could revolutionize neurology medical education. Grounded in evidence-based research and practical insights, this article offers valuable guidance for navigating the complexities of contemporary neurology practice and cultivating a workforce of healthcare professionals who possess both technological acumen and compassion.

Mudanças rápidas na educação médica estão sendo impulsionadas pelos avanços na ciência, tecnologia e estruturas sociais. No entanto, o currículo médico tradicional frequentemente luta para acompanhar as exigências em constante evolução da prática médica diante desses avanços. A neurologia apresenta desafios distintos na medicina moderna, exigindo soluções inovadoras para melhorar o cuidado ao paciente e apoiar o bemestar dos profissionais de saúde. Este ensaio explora as questões complexas enfrentadas pelos neurologistas, como a diminuição das conexões interpessoais no campo médico e o problema prevalente do esgotamento entre os profissionais, exacerbado por programas educacionais desatualizados. Esta pesquisa defende uma abordagem abrangente para aprimorar a prática da neurologia por meio das perspectivas das Humanidades Médicas (HM) e da neurobiologia, dentro do campo em evolução das Neuro- Humanidades. Ao integrar descobertas neurobiológicas de ponta, HM/Neuro-Humanidades e um foco na empatia, o artigo propõe estratégias práticas para rejuvenescer a prática clínica e fortalecer a resiliência dos profissionais de neurologia. Além disso, destaca o potencial inexplorado da inteligência artificial e da aprendizagem de máquina ao examinar como o ecossistema digital poderia revolucionar a educação médica em neurologia. Fundamentado em pesquisas baseadas em evidências e insights práticos, este artigo oferece orientações valiosas para navegar pelas complexidades da prática contemporânea da neurologia e cultivar uma força de trabalho de profissionais de saúde que possuam tanto acuidade tecnológica quanto compaixão.

Efecto de la "ley de residentes" sobre el bienestar laboral en cirugía: resultados de un estudio nacional de métodos mixtos en Colombia / Effect of the "residents' law" on occupational well-being in surgery: Results of a national mixed methods study in Colombia

Introducción. El efecto de las políticas para el mejoramiento del bienestar de los residentes, en términos de desgaste profesional y compromiso laboral, es controversial y su resultado tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes" (1917/2018) en Colombia es desconocido. Este estudio explora el efecto de esta ley en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos secuencial explicativo. Inicialmente, se invitó a todos los residentes de cirugía del país a autodiligenciar los cuestionarios UWES-17 y MBI-HSS para evaluar el compromiso laboral (vigor, dedicación y absorción) y desgaste profesional (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal) antes (2019) y después (2022) de la implementación de la ley. Se probaron diferentes hipótesis mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados fueron explorados con cirujanos mediante grupos focales. La información cualitativa fue analizada manualmente y por inteligencia artificial, y reportada en temas principales. Resultados. Participaron en el estudio 400 residentes. La tasa de desgaste profesional fue de 24,8 % antes y 15,8 % después (p=0,032). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales confirmó que el agotamiento emocional sobre el desgaste profesional fue menor en 2022 (p=0,022). No se identificaron cambios significativos en el compromiso laboral. La principal explicación fue atribuida a los beneficios económicos de la ley. Conclusión. La tasa de desgaste profesional en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos se redujo significativamente tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes". Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la practica y el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación.

Introduction. The effect of policies to improve residents' well-being, in terms of professional burnout and work commitment is controversial, and its result after the implementation of the "residents' law" (1917/2018) in Colombia is unknown. This study explores the effect of this law on Colombian surgical residents. Methods. Explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Initially, all surgical residents in the country were invited to self-complete the UWES-17 and MBI-HSS questionnaires to evaluate work commitment (vigor, dedication, and absorption) and professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment) before (2019) and after (2022) the implementation of the law. Different hypotheses were tested using structural equation models. The results were explored with surgeons through focus groups. Qualitative information was analyzed manually and by artificial intelligence, and reported into main themes. Results. 400 residents participated in the study. Burnout rates were 24.8% before and 15.8% after (p=0.032). The structural equations analysis confirmed that emotional exhaustion over professional burnout was lower in 2022 (p=0.022). No significant changes in work commitment were identified. The main explanation was attributed to the economic benefits of the law. Conclusion. The burnout rate in Colombian surgical residents was significantly reduced after the implementation of the "residents' law". These findings have implications for practice and improving the quality of education

Vías propuestas para las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre asignaturas clínicas y Farmacología en la carrera Estomatología

En la carrera Estomatología, las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre las asignaturas clínicas y la Farmacología resultan necesarias para lograr en los estudiantes un mayor desarrollo de habilidades teóricas y prácticas dirigidas la prescripción racional de medicamentos de uso estomatológico. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir dos vías para lograr lo antes expuesto. Las vías propuestas resultaron ser: la identificación de los nodos potenciales de articulación interdisciplinaria entre estas unidades curriculares y la interrelación de métodos de enseñanzas. Se concluye que ambas propuestas constituyen vías concretas para el establecimiento y desarrollo de las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre las asignaturas clínicas y la Farmacología en la carrera Estomatología.

In the Stomatology degree, interdisciplinary relationships between clinical subjects and Pharmacology are necessary to achieve in students a greater development of theoretical and practical skills aimed at the rational prescription of medications for stomatological use. The objective of this research was to describe two ways to achieve the above. The proposed paths turned out to be: the identification of potential nodes of interdisciplinary articulation between these curricular units and the interrelation of teaching methods. It is concluded that both proposals constitute concrete ways for the establishment and development of interdisciplinary relationships between clinical subjects and Pharmacology in the Stomatology career.

La pedagogía crítica y las funciones de la profesionalización docente en la Educación Médica Superior

Introducción: La educación superior en general y la médica en lo particular han evidenciado su importancia en el desarrollo histórico de la sociedad. En este contexto la pedagogía crítica enuncia los principios fundamentales para el desarrollo de la educación. Se presenta como una perspectiva emancipadora de la formación para entender y resolver los problemas relacionados con la práctica pedagógica según las exigencias sociales. Objetivo: Mostrar las relaciones entre los principios de la pedagogía crítica y las funciones de la profesionalización docente en la Educación Médica Superior. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptivo bajo el enfoque dialéctico materialista con la utilización de dos fuentes de información, la revisión bibliográfica y documental que permitió la indagación teórica sobre la temática que se estudia con los métodos: histórico - lógico, analítico - sintético y la sistematización. Resultados: Se pudo constatar que la profesionalización docente de la Educación Superior deberá utilizar la pedagogía crítica como una importante herramienta para el desarrollo de la actuación docente, pues esta constituye un referente importante para el logro del desarrollo profesional. Discusión: Se justifica la expresión de la pedagogía critica en y desde la profesionalización docente de la Educación Médica Superior debido a la necesidad que imponen las constante transformaciones que tiene que afrontar esta, a tenor de la realidad siempre cambiantes en al ámbito económico, político, social y cultural del país y del mundo.

Introduction: Higher education in general and medical education in particular have demonstrated their importance in the historical development of society. In this context, critical pedagogy states the fundamental principles for the development of education. It is presented as an emancipatory perspective of training to understand and solve problems related to pedagogical practice according to social demands. Objective: to show the relationships between the principles of critical pedagogy and the functions of teaching professionalization in Higher Medical Education. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out under the dialectical materialist approach with the use of two sources of information, the bibliographic and documentary review that allowed the theoretical investigation on the topic being studied with the methods: historical - logical, analytical - synthetic and systematization. Results: It was confirmed that the teaching professionalization of Higher Education must use critical pedagogy as an important tool for the development of teaching performance, since this constitutes an important reference for the achievement of professional development. Discussion: The expression of critical pedagogy in and from the teaching professionalization of Higher Medical Education is justified due to the need imposed by the constant transformations that it has to face, in light of the ever-changing reality in the economic, political, social and cultural of the country and the world.

Perfil académico y profesional de los egresados de la especialidad de Cardiología de 2000 a 2015 en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez / Academic and professional profile of cardiology fellowship graduates of National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez from 2000 to 2015

Resumen Antecedentes: El Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC) se ha posicionado como un referente internacional en la educación médica cardiológica, destacándose por su alto nivel académico y calidad humana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil laboral y académico actual de los egresados del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y retrospectivo que incluyó a 473 egresados del INC graduados entre 2000 y 2015. Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica para recopilar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 221 egresados aceptaron participar en el estudio, lo que representa el 46.7% del total de egresados. El 85.2% de los participantes son hombres. La mayoría de los egresados son de nacionalidad mexicana (82.4%), mientras que el resto se distribuye en varios países de Latinoamérica. El 89% de los egresados completó otro posgrado después de cardiología. De este grupo, el 95.4% realizó al menos una alta especialidad, mientras que el 4.6% obtuvo una maestría o doctorado. La especialidad más comúnmente elegida fue Cardiología Intervencionista. Los egresados del INC trabajan en promedio 10.8 horas al día, de las cuales 6.4 horas se dedican a la cardiología clínica y 4.3 horas al otro posgrado. Aquellos que trabajan en el sector público y privado dedican 6.1 horas y 5.2 horas al día, respectivamente. Además, el 75% de los egresados desempeña actividades de enseñanza. El 84% de los egresados trabajan en México. Conclusión: En su mayoría, los egresados del INC son médicos especialistas que continúan su formación académica a través de la realización de otros posgrados. Trabajan más horas al día en comparación con el resto de la población mexicana, y dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo al ejercicio de la cardiología clínica. También buscan transmitir sus conocimientos a través de actividades académicas y de enseñanza.

Abstract Background: The Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology (NIC) has positioned itself as an international benchmark in cardiovascular medical education, standing out for its high academic standards and human quality. Objective: This study aims to identify the employment and academic profile of cardiology fellowship graduates from the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico (NIC). Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted, involving 473 graduates from the period 2000-2015. Data was collected through an electronic survey. Results: A total of 221 graduates agreed to participate, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of graduates. Among the participants, 85.2% were male. The majority of graduates (82.4%) held Mexican nationality, while the remaining individuals represented various Latin-American nationalities. Following the completion of the cardiology fellowship, 89% of graduates pursued further postgraduate degrees. Within this group, 95.4% completed at least one additional fellowship, while 4.6% pursued a master's or PhD program. The most popular fellowship program chosen was Interventional Cardiology. On average, NIC graduates dedicate 10.8 hours per day to their work, with 6.4 hours dedicated to cardiology and 4.3 hours to their other postgraduate degree. Those employed in both public and private health systems allocate 6.1 hours and 5.2 hours per day, respectively. Additionally, 75% of graduates are involved in teaching activities. Currently, 84% of graduates are employed in Mexico. Conclusion: The majority of NIC graduates are physicians who further their academic training by pursuing additional postgraduate programs. They work longer hours per day compared to the general Mexican population, with a significant focus on clinical cardiology. Graduates actively seek opportunities to share their expertise through various academic activities.

Efecto de la deuda económica sobre el bienestar psicológico de los residentes de cirugía: Resultados de un estudio nacional en Colombia / Effect of financial debt on the psychological well-being of surgery residents: Results of a national study in Colombia

Introducción. La deuda económica durante la residencia en cirugía general puede afectar el desempeño profesional, las decisiones de vida y el bienestar psicológico. La información disponible en Colombia es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la deuda económica del residente de cirugía general, identificar los factores asociados y evaluar su efecto en el bienestar psicológico. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Se invitó a 380 residentes a diligenciar una encuesta sobre los aspectos relacionados con su deuda económica y se utilizó el WHO-index para evaluar su bienestar psicológico. Resultados. Un total de 259 residentes participaron en el estudio (67,6 %). El 56 % posee una deuda económica promedio de COP $88.000.000 ((US$21.826)). Un alto nivel de endeudamiento se relacionó con el año de residencia, el tipo de institución (privada) y la solicitud de préstamos. Se identificó algún trastorno mental en 14,7 % y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico en 56,4 % de los participantes. No se identificó ninguna asociación entre una elevada deuda económica y el bajo bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones. La deuda económica tiene un efecto sobre los residentes. El endeudamiento de los residentes de cirugía en Colombia es altamente prevalente, y no se correlaciona con un pobre bienestar psicológico. La autodeterminación favorece el bienestar psicológico en el posgrado en cirugía general. Existe la necesidad de educación financiera en los residentes. Se requieren nuevos estudios que evalúen las causas del pobre bienestar psicológico.

Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being.

Percepción sobre la formación en cuidados paliativos de los estudiantes de las especializaciones de Cirugía general en Colombia / Perception of palliative care training among students of General Surgery specializations in Colombia

Introducción. Los cuidados paliativos responden al sufrimiento de pacientes terminales y requieren personal entrenado para la intervención. Forman parte de la actividad en cirugía, sin embargo, no encontramos información sobre la educación de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos, la calidad de la formación y las estrategias pedagógicas en los residentes. Métodos. Estudio observacional con recolección de la información autodiligenciada por medio electrónico. Resultados. Participaron 228 residentes, 7,8 % mencionaron asistir a rotación en cuidado paliativo y 66,6 % tener contacto con especialistas en cuidados paliativos. El 30,7 % no identificó una estrategia pedagógica clara. El 29,3 % tuvo alto nivel de conocimiento y 21,1 % adecuada calidad de formación. El 83,8 % tuvo un alto nivel en el manejo de obstrucción intestinal. No hubo asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las variables evaluadas (p>0,05). Conclusiones. Ni el aprendizaje recibido, ni el año de entrenamiento tuvieron efecto en el nivel percibido de conocimiento. Las competencias en cuidados paliativos, sus métodos y la calidad del aprendizaje son deficientes a nivel de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. Probablemente está en un currículo oculto. Es necesario implementar estrategias pedagógicas en los currículos de estudios de los programas de formación de cirujanos.

Introduction. Palliative care responds to the suffering of terminal patients and requires trained personnel for intervention. They are part of the activity in surgery; however, we did not find information about postgraduate education in surgery in Colombia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge in palliative care, the quality of training and pedagogical strategies in residents. Methods. Observational study with self-completed information collection by electronic means. Results. A total of 228 residents participated, 7.8% mentioned a palliative care rotation and 66.6% mentioned having contact with palliative care specialists; 30.7% did not identify a clear pedagogical strategy; 29.3% had a high level of knowledge and 21.1% had adequate quality of training; 83.8% had a high level in the management of intestinal obstruction. There was no association between the level of knowledge and the variables evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusions. Neither the learning received nor the year of training had an effect on the perceived level of knowledge. Competencies in palliative care, its methods and the quality of learning are deficient at the postgraduate level in surgery in Colombia. It is probably on a hidden resume. It is necessary to implement pedagogical strategies in the study curricula of surgeon training programs.

Alcance para Colombia de la declaración de la World Society of Emergency Surgery 2022 sobre el entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia / Scope for Colombia of the World Society of Emergency Surgery 2022 declaration on training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery

Introducción. El currículo para la formación del cirujano general exige precisión, ajuste al contexto y factibilidad. En 2022, la World Society of Emergency Surgery formuló cinco declaraciones sobre el entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia que puede contribuir a estos propósitos. El objetivo del presente artículo fue examinar el alcance de estas declaraciones para la educación quirúrgica en Colombia. Métodos. Se analizó desde una posición crítica y reflexiva el alcance y limitaciones para Colombia de cada una de las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery, con base en la evidencia empírica publicada durante las últimas dos décadas en revistas indexadas nacionales e internacionales. Resultados. La evidencia empírica producida en Colombia durante el presente siglo permite identificar que el país cuenta con fundamentos del currículo nacional en cirugía general, formulado por la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía en 2021; un sistema de acreditación de la educación superior; un modelo de aseguramiento universal en salud; infraestructura tecnológica y condiciones institucionales que pueden facilitar la adopción exitosa de dichas declaraciones para el entrenamiento de los futuros cirujanos en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia. No obstante, su implementación requiere esfuerzos mayores e inversión en materia de simulación quirúrgica, cooperación institucional y fortalecimiento del sistema de recertificación profesional. Conclusión. La educación quirúrgica colombiana está en capacidad de cumplir con las declaraciones de la World Society of Emergency Surgery en materia de entrenamiento en cirugía digestiva mínimamente invasiva de emergencia.

Introduction. The general surgeon training curriculum requires precision, contextual fit, and feasibility. In 2022, the World Society of Emergency Surgery formulated five statements on training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery, which can contribute to these purposes. This article examines the scope of these declarations for surgical education in Colombia. Methods. The scope and limitations for Colombia of each of the statements of the World Society of Emergency Surgery were analysed from a critical and reflective position, based on empirical evidence published during the last two decades in national and international indexed journals. Results. The empirical evidence produced in Colombia during this century allows us to identify that the country has the foundations of the national curriculum in general surgery, formulated by the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery in 2021; a higher education accreditation system; a universal health insurance model; technological infrastructure, and institutional conditions that can facilitate the successful adoption of said statements for the training of future surgeons in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery. However, its implementation requires greater efforts and investment in surgical simulation, institutional cooperation, and strengthening of the professional recertification system. Conclusion. Colombian surgical education is able to comply with the declarations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery regarding training in emergency minimally invasive digestive surgery.

Gestión para la sostenibilidad del claustro en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas

La atención priorizada y el seguimiento sistemático a los procesos de categorización docente constituyen aspectos imprescindibles para cada institución. Se realizó este trabajo para determinar los fundamentos de la gestión para la sostenibilidad de las categorías docentes del claustro. El enfoque histórico-lógico y la sistematización realizada, permitieron identificar los principales cambios y retos de la sostenibilidad del claustro, entre los que se encuentra uno de carácter prioritario y decisivo para el logro prospectivo del mismo: desarrollar un adecuado proceso de gestión de las categorías docentes en las universidades.

Prioritized attention and systematic follow-up of teaching categorization processes are essential aspect for each institution. This work was carried out to determine the foundations of management for the sustainability of the staff's teaching categories. The historical-logical approach and the systematization carried out allowed the authors to identify the main changes and challenges of the sustainability of the teaching staff, among which is one of a priority and decisive nature for its prospective achievement, consisting of developing an adequate process of management of teaching categories in universities.

La gestión del conocimiento en la formación de los estudiantes de Medicina

¿Cómo formar con pertinencia y calidad al estudiante de Medicina en el contexto contemporáneo, de modo que posea las herramientas y competencias para aprender por sí y mejorar su desempeño profesional durante su vida? El objetivo de este artículo es valorar la significación de la gestión del conocimiento en la formación de los estudiantes de Medicina. Se exponen ideas básicas para propiciar el debate y la reflexión relacionados con las funciones sustantivas de la universidad, que, a su vez, son vistas como escenarios de formación. Se sistematiza un resultado parcial de carácter teórico de una investigación en curso acerca de la gestión del conocimiento en la formación de los estudiantes de la carrera Medicina Humana, de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, en la República del Ecuador.

How to train medical students with relevance and quality in the contemporary context so that they have the tools and skills to learn for themselves and improve their professional performance throughout life? The aim of this article is to assess the significance of knowledge management in the training of contemporary medical students. Basic ideas are presented to encourage debate and reflection related to the substantive functions of the university which, in turn, are seen as training scenarios. Authors systematize a partial theoretical result of an ongoing investigation about knowledge management in the training of students of the Human Medicine studies at the Technical University of Manabí, Republic of Ecuador.

Subjetividades de médicas y médicos en su encuentro con víctimas de violencia sexual en hospitales universitarios de Medellín, Antioquia, 2021-2022 / Subjectivities of female and male physicians in attending victims of sexual violence in university hospitals in Medellín, Antioquia 2021-2022

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender la expresión de las subjetividades de médicas(os) en su encuentro con víctimas de violencia sexual en urgencias hospitalarias. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, diseño de caso colectivo, con enfoque etnográfico, con la elaboración de un diario de campo, dos itinerarios institucionales, dos entrevistas a coordinadoras, diez entrevistas en profundidad a médicas(os) y un encuentro reflexivo. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro momentos en el recorrido de la víctima, y en ellos emergieron expresiones subjetivas que se agruparon en formas de reconocimiento y mecanismos. Se incorporaron el campo médico en el subcampo medicina moderna en sus habitus, sus prácticas clínicas vulneraron a las víctimas de violencia sexual. Por el contrario, si se apartaron de las lógicas que impuso el campo médico, sus prácticas se tradujeron en un cuidado comprensivo. Discusión: El no reconocimiento conduce a la imposibilidad del ejercicio de la ciudadanía de la salud; sus mecanismos parten de procesos de socialización desde sus constructos sociohistóricos que se ven reforzados por el modelo médico hegemónico y el campo médico generando tensión entre las lógicas prácticas de médicas(os) y las necesidades de las víctimas. Sin embargo, se observa una fractura de dicho modelo como una posibilidad de transformación hacia un cuidado comprensivo.

Abstract Objective: To understand how physician's subjectivity is expressed while attending to victims of sexual violence at emergencies. Methodology: Qualitative research, a collective case design with an ethnographic approach, via the elaboration of a field journal, two institutional itineraries, 12 in-depth interviews to leaders and doctors and one workshop. Results: There were four moments identified on victim's itinerary at emergencies services, in each moment emerged subjectivity's expressions, that could be organized on forms of subjectivity and their mechanisms within. If the physicians embodied the modern medicine, a subfield of medicine, into their habitus, their practices tend toward the revictimization of their patients. In the other hand, if doctors do not embody such practices and assume a critical posture about it, they tend toward a comprehensive care. Discussion: The non-recognition of such practices leads to the impossibility of exercising health citizenship, its mechanisms are a result of socialization processes from sociohistorical constructs that are reinforced by hegemonic medical model and the medical field., generating tension between practical logics of physicians and the needs of the victims. However, a fracture of this model is observed as a possibility of transformation toward comprehensive care.

Desenvolvimento e validação de aplicativo para ensino de abordagem da dor em cuidados paliativos / Development and validation of mobile application for teaching the subject of pain management in palliative care

Resumo Introdução: Avaliação e manejo adequados da dor têm se tornado uma preocupação cada vez maior dos profissionais de saúde. Segundo a definição de cuidados paliativos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, são importantes a identificação precoce, a avaliação e o tratamento da dor. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver e avaliar um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis voltado para o ensino de abordagem da dor em cuidados paliativos. Método: Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo móvel, seguido de sua utilização por médicos residentes e de avaliação qualiquantitativa prospectiva. Aplicou-se o teste de conhecimento. Obtiveram-se a usabilidade do aplicativo, por meio da System Usability Scale (SUS), e a satisfação, por meio do Net Promoter Score (NPS). Os dados foram tabulados no Microsoft Office Excel® e exportados para o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 (IBM): na realização das análises, adotou-se uma confiança de 95%. Para a análise qualitativa das avaliações, o conteúdo das respostas foi transcrito e organizado em nuvens de palavras para destacar as ideias centrais. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Centro Universitário Christus. Resultado: Desenvolveu-se o PaliPain App, aplicativo constituído de casos clínicos de pacientes em cuidados paliativos com manifestações de dor, além de questões, vídeos e imagens, disponibilizado nas plataformas Android e iOS. Utilizaram o aplicativo 13 médicos residentes. A média de acertos de questões no pré-teste sobre dor em cuidados paliativos aumentou de 6,08 para 7,54 após manuseio do aplicativo. Na avaliação sobre a usabilidade do aplicativo, obtivemos na SUS uma média de 89,2, acima do nível considerado adequado de 70,0. Na avaliação de satisfação, 54% dos médicos responderam com pontuação 10 à pergunta: "Em uma escala de 0 a 10, quanto você recomendaria o aplicativo PaliPain a um amigo ou colega?". Conclusão: O PaliPain App, desenvolvido e disponibilizado nas plataformas Android e iOS, foi bem avaliado pelos médicos residentes, apresentando ótimos escores de usabilidade e de satisfação. Identificamos que houve ganho de conhecimento, com pontuação média na resolução de questões aumentando de 6,08 para 7,54 após livre uso da aplicação. O PaliPain App pode ser uma ferramenta útil para ensino de abordagem de dor para médicos residentes.

Abstract Introduction: Pain evaluation has become an increasingly relevant concern for healthcare workers. According to the World Health Organization's definition of Palliative Care, early identification, evaluation, and treatment of pain are important. Objective: Developing and rating an app for mobile devices that focuses on teaching the subject of pain management in Palliative Care. Research Methodology: The app was developed as a learning tool and tested by resident physicians while undergoing a qualitative and quantitative prospective evaluation. Mock tests were taken. The usability of the app was rated through the System Usability Scale (SUS), and satisfaction with the app was rated through the Net Promoter Score (NPS). The data was charted by using Microsoft Office Excel ® and was exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM) software: an analysis was run with a 95% confidence interval. As for the qualitative analysis of the resident physicians' evaluations, all available content was transcribed and properly organized in word clouds in order to highlight the most important pieces of feedback that the physicians presented regarding the app. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Main Results: The PaliPain App was developed as a database filled with clinical cases of patients undergoing palliative care who were experiencing varying levels of pain, and also presents analysis of test questions, videos and images. It was made available for the Android and iOS platforms. The average correct answers in a mock test about pain management during palliative care rose from 6.08 to 7.54. Thirteen resident physicians made use of the app. In the evaluation of the app's usability, the average SUS score was 89.2. In the evaluation of user satisfaction, 54% of the resident physicians answered the question "from a scale of 0 to 10, what is the likelihood of you recommending the PaliPan app to a friend or colleague?" with a score of 10. Conclusion: The PaliPain App, developed and available on Android and iOS platforms, was well evaluated by resident physicians, presenting excellent scores for both usability and satisfaction. We identified that there was a gain in knowledge, with an average score in the resolution of questions increasing from 6.08 to 7.54 after free use of the application. The PaliPan app could be a useful tool to teach the subject of pain to resident physicians.

Situation of ophthalmology education in Brazil: supply versus demand / A situação da educação em Oftalmologia no Brasil: oferta versus demanda

ABSTRACT Purpose: The number of medical schools in Brazil has increased in recent years; however, vacancies for specialization in ophthalmology probably have not kept up with the growing demand. This study wants to estimate the increase in medical schools, the demand for ophthalmology specialization, and evaluate learning opportunities in ophthalmology. Methods: This was a retrospective study with research from the Ministry of Education and Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology database from 2002 to 2021. These data were checked through 120 notices published by the institutions in 2021. Results: The number of medical school vacancies increased by 370%, whereas the number of certified ophthalmology vacancies increased by 64%. There was an 11.4% misalignment between the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology data in the Ministry of Education. Conclusion: The proportion of medical graduates has increased much more than opportunities for ophthalmology specialization. The effect on the search for unaccredited specialization positions is unknown, and policies for monitoring the specialization of ophthalmology vacancies should be established.

RESUMO Objetivo: Nos últimos 20 anos, o número de escolas médicas no Brasil aumentou, mas as vagas para especialização em Oftalmologia não acompanharam a demanda crescente. Este estudo quer estimar a demanda por especialização e avaliar a oferta de oportunidades de aprendizado em Oftalmologia. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico com pesquisa em banco de dados provenientes do Ministério da Educação e Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia. Estes dados foram checados através de 120 editais publicados pelos serviços de Residência em 2021. Resultados: De 2002 a 2021, o número de vagas em faculdades de Medicina aumentou 370%, enquanto o número de vagas certificadas de especialização em Oftalmologia aumentou 64%. Houve um desalinhamento de 11.4% entre os dados do Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e do Ministério da Educação. Conclusão: A proporção de graduados em Medicina aumentou muito mais do que a oferta de oportunidades de especialização em Oftalmologia, o impacto disto na busca por vagas de especialização não acreditadas é desconhecido, políticas de monitoramento das vagas de especialização em Oftalmologia devem ser estabelecidas.

Percepción del efecto de la pandemia en la salud y formación del estudiante de posgrado de pediatría en Uruguay

Introducción: La pandemia impactó en la calidad de vida, salud integral y formación de los estudiantes de posgrados a nivel mundial. Objetivos: Describir la percepción del efecto de la pandemia en la salud integral y formación académica de estudiantes de posgrado de pediatría de Uruguay durante los años 2019- 2021. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal mediante encuesta a estudiantes de las generaciones 2019, 20 y 21. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y percepción del efecto de la pandemia en calidad de vida, salud, formación académica y rendimiento. Resultados: Participaron 93 estudiantes (65% de los habilitados). La mediana de edad fue 30,5 años, de género femenino: 88%. Cursaron la especialidad por residencia: 78,4%, en Montevideo 96%. El 41,3% expresó que cursar el posgrado durante la pandemia repercutió de forma negativa en su calidad de vida. Reportando reducción de actividades sociales: 83,3%, oferta laboral: 33,3%. Manifestaron sentirse agotados: 84%, fatigados: 64,4%. Se le diagnosticó una enfermedad nueva a 12,2% trastorno de ansiedad 5, depresión 4; reportaron consumo de psicofármacos durante la pandemia 13,3% versus 5,5% previo a esta. Consideraron que su formación se afectó negativamente: 57,3% y afectación del rendimiento: 38,2%. Refirieron obstáculos en la participación de actividades virtuales: 94,3%, por superposición con otras actividades: 85,3%, o problemas de concentración: 22,4%. Conclusiones: Los encuestados reportaron efectos de la pandemia en su salud, sobre todo en el área psicoemocional, con repercusión en su calidad de vida. El efecto en la formación fue menor, identificándose puntos a mejorar, sobre todo evitar la superposición de actividades.

Summary: Introduction: The pandemic impacted the quality of life, comprehensive health and training of postgraduate students worldwide. Objectives: Describe the perception of the effect of the pandemic on the comprehensive health and academic training of postgraduate pediatrics students in Uruguay during the years 2019-2021. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study using a survey of students from the 2019, 20 and 21 generations. Sociodemographic variables and perception of the effect of the pandemic on quality of life, health, academic training and performance were analyzed. Results: 93 students participated (65% of those qualified). The median age was 30.5 years, female: 88%. They studied the specialty through residency: 78.4%, in Montevideo 96%. 41.3% expressed that pursuing postgraduate studies during the pandemic had a negative impact on their quality of life. Reporting reduction in social activities: 83.3%, job offer: 33.3%. They reported feeling exhausted: 84%, fatigued: 64.4%. 12.2% were diagnosed with a new illness: anxiety disorder 5, depression 4; 13.3% reported consumption of psychotropic drugs during the pandemic versus 5.5% before it. They considered that their training was negatively affected: 57.3% and performance was affected: 38.2%. They reported obstacles in participating in virtual activities: 94.3%, due to overlap with other activities: 85.3%, or concentration problems: 22.4%. Conclusions: Respondents reported effects of the pandemic on their health, especially in the psychoemotional area, with an impact on their quality of life. The effect on training was minor, identifying points for improvement, especially avoiding overlapping activities.

Introdução: A pandemia impactou a qualidade de vida, a saúde integral e a formação de estudantes de pós-graduação em todo o mundo. Objetivos: Descrever a percepção do efeito da pandemia na saúde integral e na formação acadêmica dos estudantes de pós-graduação em pediatria no Uruguai durante os anos 2019-2021. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal, através de inquérito a estudantes das gerações 2019, 20 e 21. Foram analisadas variáveis ​​sociodemográficas e percepção do efeito da pandemia na qualidade de vida, saúde, formação acadêmica e desempenho. Resultados: participaram 93 alunos (65% dos aprovados). A mediana de idade foi de 30,5 anos, sexo feminino: 88%. Estudaram a especialidade por meio de residência: 78,4%, em Montevidéu 96%. 41,3% expressaram que a realização de estudos de pós-graduação durante a pandemia teve um impacto negativo na sua qualidade de vida. Relatando redução de atividades sociais: 83,3%, oferta de emprego: 33,3%. Relataram sentir-se exaustos: 84%, fatigados: 64,4%. 12,2% foram diagnosticados com alguma doença nova: transtorno de ansiedade 5, depressão 4; 13,3% relataram consumo de psicotrópicos durante a pandemia versus 5,5% antes dela. Consideraram que o seu treino foi afetado negativamente: 57,3% e o desempenho foi afetado: 38,2%. Relataram obstáculos na participação em atividades virtuais: 94,3%, por sobreposição com outras atividades: 85,3%, ou problemas de concentração: 22,4%. Conclusões: Os entrevistados relataram efeitos da pandemia na sua saúde, especialmente na área psicoemocional, com impacto na sua qualidade de vida. O efeito no treinamento foi mínimo, identificando pontos de melhoria, principalmente evitando sobreposição de atividades.

Aprendizagem sobre teleconsulta: representações de um grupo de alunos de um curso de Medicina / Learning about teleconsultation: representations of a group of Medical students / Aprendizaje sobre teleconsulta: representaciones de un grupo de alumnos de un curso de Medicina

Com o avançar da tecnologia, passou a fazer parte da graduação médica atual o aprendizado em teleconsultas. Esta pesquisa apresenta as representações de um grupo de alunos de um curso de Medicina localizado na capital do estado de São Paulo sobre suas experiências com a realização de teleconsultas síncronas supervisionadas durante estágio realizado em um ambulatório-escola, durante o segundo semestre de 2021. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou o software IRaMuTeQ® e "Análise do Conteúdo". Esses educandos pontuam entraves para a utilização das teleconsultas, destacando preocupações com a humanização, segurança da pessoa atendida e qualidade da consulta, mas visualizam potencialidades tais como a facilidade de acesso e a comodidade. Reconhecem a importância da prática durante sua Graduação em um mundo cada vez mais tecnológico, mas trazem inquietações relacionadas à perda do exame físico e à mercantilização da Medicina.

With the progress of technology, teleconsultation has become part of medical degree courses. This article presents the representations of a group of medical students from a university in the capital of the state of São Paulo regarding their experiences with supervised synchronous teleconsultations during an internship in a teaching clinic in the second semester of 2021. We conducted a qualitative study using the software IRaMuTeQ® and content analysis. The students highlighted barriers to the use of teleconsultation, emphasizing concerns with humanization, patient safety and consultation quality, but also perceived strengths such as ease of access and convenience. They recognize the importance of practice on the degree course in an ever more technological world, but raise concerns about the lack of physical examination and the commodification of medicine.

Con el avance de la tecnología, el aprendizaje en teleconsultas pasó a formar parte de la graduación médica actual. Esta investigación presenta las representaciones de un grupo de alumnos de un curso de medicina localizado en la capital del estado de São Paulo sobre sus experiencias con la realización de teleconsultas sincronizadas supervisadas durante una pasantía realizada en un ambulatorio escuela, durante el segundo trimestre de 2021. Se traba de una investigación cualitativa que utilizó el software IRaMuTeQ® y Análisis de Contenido. Estos alumnos puntúan obstáculos para la utilización de las teleconsultas, destacando preocupaciones con la humanización, seguridad de la persona atendida y calidad de la consulta, pero visualizan potencialidades tales como la facilidad de acceso y la comodidad. Reconocen la importancia de la práctica durante su graduación en un mundo cada vez más tecnológico, pero presentan inquietudes relacionadas a la pérdida del examen físico y a la mercantilización de la medicina.

Physician's perceptions regarding the pharmaceutical industry: a Brazilian national study

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the newly graduated physicians' attitudes and perceptions regarding the medical relationship with the pharmaceutical industry and identify the sociodemographic patterns related to such thinking. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was administered to 4,601 participants selected from a pool of 16,323 physicians who were registered with one of the 27 Regional Medical Councils of Brazil in 2015. Answers were analyzed using two stratification variables: type of medical school (public vs. private) and the sex of the respondents. RESULTS: Out of the participants, 61.8% believed that industry funding could support medical conferences and education, and 48.4% felt that small gifts and conference travel funding were acceptable. Conversely, 64.7% disagreed with industry-sponsored social events. Views on whether pharmaceutical representatives' visits influenced prescriptions were divided. Statistically significant differences were observed between genders and medical school types, with men and private school graduates being more accepting of certain industry interactions. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the nuanced attitudes of new doctors toward industry relationships, indicating the need for clearer ethical guidelines and education in medical schools to align practice with evolving societal values.

Training in oncoplastic surgery for mastologists

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The radical change in the treatment of breast cancer has promoted the necessity for more comprehensive training of the professionals involved, ensuring the preservation of oncological safety while also allowing for cosmetic interventions to benefit breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to present the methods employed in the training of breast surgeons, highlighting the importance of oncoplasty and breast reconstruction. METHODS: A literature review was conducted in two databases, identifying articles related to medical education in the context of oncoplastic surgery and breast reconstruction. We also assessed the Brazilian experience in oncoplastic centers. RESULTS: The basis for educational discussions was derived from 16 articles. We observed approaches that included hands-on courses utilizing simulator models, porcine models, cadaver labs, and fellowship programs. Positive outcomes were observed in Brazil, a fact based on seven oncoplasty training centers for senior mastologists and five training centers for junior mastologists. From 2009 to 2023, an estimated 452 seniors and 42 juniors received training, representing approximately 30% of mastologists in Brazil who have acquired training and experience in oncoplasty. CONCLUSION: Despite the limited number of publications on training methods, oncoplastic centers have made significant progress in Brazil, establishing a successful model that can be replicated in other countries.

Percepción de la inteligencia artificial en la comunidad radiológica argentina / Perception of artificial intelligence in the Argentine radiological community

Resumen Introducción: La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en radiología se encuentra en fases iniciales y estaría influenciada por la percepción de sus usuarios. Objetivo: Valorar el grado de conocimiento, interés y expectativas acerca de la IA en la comunidad radiológica argentina. Método: Entre septiembre y noviembre de 2022 se distribuyó una encuesta online acerca del conocimiento, la actitud y las expectativas con respecto a la IA. Resultados: De un total de 161 encuestados, la mayoría eran mujeres (55,3%), tenían entre 31 y 40 años (43,4%), eran médicos de planta (42%), trabajaban en el ámbito privado (55,6%) y estaban localizados en la CABA/Buenos Aires (59%). El 52,5% no habían utilizado software de IA y el 87,7% no habían realizado cursos de IA. El 88,2% manifestaron interés en la formación en este campo. Casi la totalidad concordaba en que la IA modificaría su labor diaria en los próximos 10 años (87,6%), aunque no los reemplazaría (56,8%), ni cambiarían de carrera (69,8%). Conclusiones: Aunque el grado de conocimiento acerca de la IA en la comunidad radiológica argentina es moderado, encontramos un alto interés y expectativas, y un bajo nivel de miedo o rechazo. Las sociedades radiológicas argentinas deberían desarrollar cursos de formación en IA.

Abstract Introduction: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology is in early stages and could be influenced by the perception of its users. Objectives: To assess the degree of knowledge, interest, and expectations about AI in the Argentine radiological community. Method: Between September and November 2022, an online survey about knowledge, attitude and expectations of AI was distributed. Results: Of a total of 161 respondents, the majority were women (55.3%), had between 31 and 40 years old (43.4%), were staff physicians (42%), worked in the private sector (55.6%) and were located in CABA/Buenos Aires (59%). 52.5% had not used AI software and 87.7% had not taken any previous AI courses. 88.2% were interested in training in this field. Almost all agreed that AI would modify their daily work in the next 10 years (87.6%), although it would not replace them (56.8%), nor would they change their careers (69.8%). Conclusions: Although the degree of knowledge about AI in the Argentine radiological community is moderate, we found high interest and expectations, and low level of fear or rejection. Argentine radiological societies should develop AI training courses.