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RESUMEN Introducción: La empatía es el entendimiento adecuado del paciente, es considerada el eje central de la relación médico-paciente y es un componente vital para la atención en salud de alta calidad. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de empatía hacia el paciente y su asociación con la funcionalidad familiar, estrés, rendimiento académico y factores sociodemográficos y académicos de los estudiantes de Medicina. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal analítico. Se trabajó con todos los estudiantes de medicina (130), matriculados entre 3ro a 6to año, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las variables independientes fueron funcionalidad familiar, estrés y rendimiento académico. Se aplicó un cuestionario y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson versión S. En el análisis, se empleó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk para evaluar la normalidad, se utilizaron estadísticos no paramétricos. Se consideró significancia estadística p<0,05. Resultados: La media de empatía global fue de 106,08 ± 18,29 puntos. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la media de empatía global con el sexo (p=0,03), el año de estudios (p=0,00), y la funcionalidad familiar (p=0,04). Conclusiones: El nivel de funcionamiento familiar está asociado con la empatía. Además, se encontró que las mujeres resultaron más empáticas y el mayor año académico estuvo asociado a una menor empatía hacia el paciente.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Empathy is the adequate understanding towards the patient; it is considered the central axis of the doctor-patient relationship and is a vital component for high-quality health care. Objective: To determine the levels of empathy towards the patient and their association with family functionality, stress, academic performance and sociodemographic and academic factors of medical students. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population included 130 medical students (between 3rd-year and 6-th year) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were family functionality, stress and academic performance. A questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Version S were applied. For the analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used for testing the assumption of normality, the Student t Test and Anova test were used to establish the relationship between variables. Statistical significance of p <0.05 was considered. Results: The average global empathy was 106.08 ± 18.29 points. Statistically significant differences were found between global empathy and sex (p = 0.03), year of studies (p = 0.00), and family functionality (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The level of family functioning is associated with empathy. Moreover, it was also found that women were more empathic than men and higher academic years were associated with a lower level of empathy towards the patient.
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar Empatía Médica y el impacto que sobre ella tienen las variables Sexo y Nivel en que se encontraban en la carrera, en dos grupos de estudiantes de Medicina (provenientes de países diferentes). La muestra comprendió a 391 estudiantes de la misma universidad argentina (IUCS Fundación H.A. Barceló), 212 provenientes de Brasil y 179 del entorno local. Se administró una encuesta para datos personales y académicos y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson. Se compararon ambos grupos en el puntaje total de la escala y en sus 3 (tres) factores y se analizaron las interacciones mediante diseños factoriales. Los resultados evidenciaron que los grupos presentaron diferencias significativas en sus respuestas al Puntaje total de Empatía y en el factor Ponerse en el lugar del otro. Se observaron efectos de interacción de País de procedencia con sexo, pero no con nivel en la carrera(AU)
The objective of this research was to compare Medical Empathy and the impact that the variables Sex and Level in which they are in the career had on it, in two groups of Medicine students (from different countries). The sample included 391 students from the same Argentine university (IUCS Fundación H.A. Barceló), 212 from Brazil and 179 from the local environment. A survey was administered for personal and academic data and the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale. Both groups were compared in the total score of the scale and in its 3 (three) factors and the interactions were analyzed using factorial designs. The results showed that the groups presented significant differences in their responses to the Total Empathy Score and the factor Putting themselves in the place of the other. Interaction effects of country of origin with sex were observed, but not with career level(AU)
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Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Empatía , Investigación , Estudiantes de MedicinaRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the empathy levels of medical students in a military medical university and explore the influencing factors.Methods Self-developed demographic information questionnaire,Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSPE-S),Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI),and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) were used to collect data from June to October 2016.Medical undergraduate students were conveniently enrolled in the survey.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.T test,ANOVA,and chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the data of different categories of students.Results A total of 683 questionnaires were distributed and 594 valid questionnaires were returned,with a valid response rate of 86.97％.Students had an above-average level of medical empathy with JSPE-S score as (104.11 ± 19.66),and IRI score was (51.63 ± 10.08).There was a statically difference on level of medical empathy between groups of students with different genders,specialties,professional satisfaction,future career desire,and relative courses learning experience (P＜0.05 for all).Medical empathy was significantly negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=-0.392,P=0.000) and significantly positively correlated with perceived stress (r=0.298,P=0.000).Conclusion Targeted strategies should be conducted to improve the empathy levels of students in the military medical university.
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OBJETIVO Determinar el nivel de orientación empática de los estudiantes de odontología del primer al quinto nivel de la carrera de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina de Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana (Santiago), considerando el nivel y género de los estudiantes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se midió la orientación empática de los estudiantes de odontología mediante la Escala de empatía médica de Jefferson, en la versión en español para estudiantes (versión S) validada culturalmente en Chile. Los datos de los niveles analizados fueron comparados mediante un análisis de varianza trifactorial (modelo III). RESULTADOS Se encontró que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de orientación empática entre los distintos cursos; además se puede observar que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de empatía en relación con los hombres. CONCLUSIONES Los estudiantes de odontología (independientemente del nivel y/o curso) presentan en general un alto nivel de orientación empática. Las mujeres presentan mayor nivel de orientación empática que los hombres.
OBJECTIVE To determine the empathetic orientation levels of 1st to 5th year Odontology students studying in the German Clinic Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad del Desarrollo (Santiago), taking into account the year and sex of the students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Empathetic orientation was measured in the odontology students using the Jefferson Empathy Scale, Spanish version for Students (version S) validated culturally in Chile. The data on the levels analyzed were compared by means of a three-way variance analysis (Model III). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in empathetic orientation between the different years. It could be observed that females had higher levels of empathy compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Odontology students (independent of level and/or year) have a high level of empathetic orientation. Females have a higher level of empathetic orientation than males.