Análisis de estudios sobre psicofármacos en una IPS del departamento de Córdoba 2012-2020 / Analysis of studies of psychopharmacers in a IPS of the department of Córdoba 2012-2020

Resumen Introducción. Los psicofármacos son medicamentos utilizados en la práctica médica para tratar enfermedades mentales. Objetivo. Realizar un análisis comparando indicadores de consumo en la utilización de psicofármacos en una Institución de Salud mental en el Departamento de Córdoba- Colombia. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo-transversal, estudio de utilización de medicamentos (EUM) para comparar indicadores de consumo como dosis diaria definida (DDD), número de envases, considerando el diagnóstico y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. población de 3.089 pacientes, donde el 48% presento diagnóstico de trastorno mental y del comportamiento por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, el 17% presentó trastorno afectivo bipolar y el 15% esquizofrenia paranoide, el 70% de sexo masculino y un 30% sexo femenino. Los medicamentos más consumidos fueron ácido valproico en cápsulas de 250mg, carbonato de litio en tabletas de 300mg y sertralina en tabletas de 50mg; mayor consumo lo obtuvieron los antidepresivos con 45,77%, seguido por antipsicóticos con 23,19% y por último los anticonvulsivantes con 22,39%. Conclusión.Se observó diferencias en la tendencia del aumento en el consumo de psicofármacos utilizando como indicadores de consumo la dosis diaria definida (DDD) 54versus número de envases en los años de estudio. Esta investigación difiere con los resultados a nivel nacional y departamental en el sentido de que la depresión y demás problemas de salud mental se encuentran en mayor incidencia en los hombres

Results.Population of 3,089 patients, where 48% presented a diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorder due to the use of psychoactive substances, 17% presented bipolar affective disorder and 15% paranoid schizophrenia, 70% male and 30% sex feminine. The most used medications were valproic acid in 250mg capsules, lithium carbonate in 300mg tablets and sertraline in 50mg tablets; The highest consumption was obtained by antidepressants with 45.77%, followed by antipsychotics with 23.19% and finally anticonvulsants with 22.39%. Conclusion.Differences were observed in the trend of the increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs using as consumption indicators the defined daily dose (DDD) versus the number of containers in the years of study. This research differs from the results at the national and departmental levels in the sense that depression and other mental health problems are found to be more prevalent in men

Prática da automedicação entre estudantes de ensino médio / Práctica de la automedicación entre estudiantes de enseñanza media / Self-medication among secondary school students

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência, classes medicamentosas e principais motivos para a prática da automedicação entre os estudantes de ensino médio. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, com 130 estudantes de uma escola estadual do município de São Paulo. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para análise de dados. Resultados: as estudantes apresentaram idade entre 14 e 20 anos, 91 (70%) eram do sexo feminino e 112 (86,2%) praticaram a automedicação. Destes, 75 (67%) utilizaram para alívio de dores, 18 (16,1%) referiram ter tido reações adversas e a classe medicamentosa predominante foi a dos analgésicos com 147 (59,2%) menções. O fácil acesso do produto nas farmácias foi o principal motivo apontado por 49 (43,7%) participantes. Conclusão: destaca-se a importância da educação como meio de levar informações aos estudantes e familiares, visando desestimular a prática da automedicação nesta faixa populacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia, las clases medicamentosas y los principales motivos para la práctica de la automedicación entre estudiantes de enseñanza media. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado con 130 estudiantes de una escuela estatal del municipio de São Paulo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, tests paramétricos y no paramétricos para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Los estudiantes tenían edad de entre 14 y 20 años; 91 (70% eran de sexo femenino; 112 (86,2%) refirieron automedicarse. De ellos, 75 (67%) utilizaron medicación para aliviar dolor, 18 (16,1%) informaron haber sufrido reacciones adversas. La clase medicamentosa predominante fue la de analgésicos, con 147 (59,2%) menciones. El fácil acceso al producto en farmacias fue el principal motivo expresado por 49 (43,7%) participantes. Conclusión: Se resalta la importancia de la educación como factor para difundir información entre estudiantes y familiares, apuntando a disminuir la práctica de la automedicación en esta faja poblacional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To gather data about the prevalence, drug classes, and main reasons for self-medication among secondary school students. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 130 students from a state school in the municipality of São Paulo. Descriptive statistics, parametric, and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Students were between 13 and 20 years old, 91 (70%) were female and 112 (86.2%) practiced self-medication. Of these, 75 (67%) used medication for pain relief, 18 (16.1%) reported adverse reactions, and the most predominant drug class was pain relief medications, with 147 (59.2) mentions. Easy access to these products in drugstores was the main reason given by 49 (43.7%) participants. Conclusion: Education is important to deliver information to students and family members to discourage self-medication among this segment of the population.

Drug Utilization Pattern During Pregnancy.

Background: Pregnancy is a special physiological condition where drug treatment presents a special concern. The rationale for use of drugs during pregnancy requires a careful assessment as in addition to the mother, the health and life of her unborn child also concerns. Research Question: What is the pattern of drug utilization during pregnancy in females of field practice area of Urban Health Centre? Aim: To study the drug utilization pattern during pregnancy. Methodology: 500 pregnant women included in study. A house to house survey was conducted during September 2009 to February 2010. Various study parameters like; educational status, duration of pregnancy, family income per capita per month, number of antenatal visits, self medication practices, number of drugs used, number of herbal/homeopathic drugs used included the study. Results: A total of 972, 864 and 399 drugs, with an average of 6.61, 3.66, 3.41 drugs per pregnant woman were used during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. Category A is considered the safest category while category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. A majority of drugs used, were from category A, followed by category B and category D. However, category C and X drugs constituted 4.28 and 0.51% of the drugs used during the third trimester and first trimester, respectively. Herbal/ homeopathic drugs constituted 10.49% (102), 4.86% (42) and 1.94% (5) of the drugs used during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. It was found that self-medication and homeopathic/ herbal drugs were used more in illiterates, than in literates (p <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion: There is a need to educate and counsel the women of child bearing age, regarding the advantages and disadvantages of drug use during pregnancies.