Perfil de medicamentos descartados nas farmácias públicas de um município do leste de Minas Gerais / Profile of medicines discarded in the public pharmacies of an eastern municipality of Minas Gerais

O descarte inadequado de medicamentos pode levar a impactos ambientais negativos e deve ser considerado um problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar dados quantitativos e qualitativos relacionados ao perfil dos medicamentos descartados no município de Governador Valadares - MG. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas UAPS/ESF que possuíam farmácias, e também na Farmácia Central/Policlínica Municipal. Nesses locais, foi realizada uma análise dos medicamentos descartados no período de julho de 2017 a maio de 2018. Por meio dos dados obtidos nesse período foi possível perceber que as principais classes de medicamentos descartadas foram os inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina, antagonistas da angiotensina II, agentes betabloqueadores, diuréticos, hipoglicemiantes, contraceptivos hormonais e agentes modificadores de lipídeos. Além disso, foi realizada uma ação de educação em saúde e aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos usuários participantes dos grupos operativos. Dos 34 usuários respondentes do questionário, 23 (69,70%) não tinham acesso a informação sobre o local correto de descarte e armazenamento de medicamentos. Após a ação de educação em saúde verificou-se um aumento no quantitativo de medicamentos descartados pelos usuários nas UAPS/ESF Mãe de Deus I e II, Altinópolis III e IV, Santa Rita II, São Pedro I e II e Esperança e Nossa Senhora das Graças. O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu apresentar dados relevantes para a gestão municipal demonstrando a importância do farmacêutico no cuidado em saúde e o caráter epidemiológico local da prevalência das doenças crônico não transmissíveis.

The inadequate disposal of drugs can lead to negative environmental impacts and should be treated as a public health problem. This study aimed at surveying quantitative and qualitative data related to the profile of drugs discarded in the city of Governador Valadares - MG. The work was developed in the UAPS / ESF that had pharmacies, and also in the Central Pharmacy/Municipal Polyclinic. In these locations, an analysis of the drugs discarded between July 2017 and May 2018 was carried out. Through the data obtained in this period, it was possible to notice that the main classes of drugs discarded were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, beta-blocking agents, diuretics, hypoglycemic agents, hormonal contraceptives, and lipid-modifying agents. In addition, a health education action was carried out and a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to users participating in the operating groups. From the 34 users who responded the questionnaire, 23 (69.70%) did not have access to information on the correct place to dispose and store medicines. After the health education action, there was an increase in the amount of drugs discarded by users in the UAPS/ESF Mãe de Deus I and II, Altinópolis III and IV, Santa Rita II, São Pedro I and II, and Esperança and Nossa Senhora das Graças. The work carried out made it possible to present relevant data for municipal management, demonstrating the importance of the pharmacist in health care and the local epidemiological character of the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases.

O conhecimento da população sobre o descarte adequado de medicamento vencido / The population's knowledge about the proper disposal of expired medication / El conocimiento de la población sobre la correcta eliminación de los medicamentos vencidos

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento da população sobre maneira correta de descarte do medicamento. Método: pesquisa descritiva qualitativa com aplicação de questionário estruturado e 59 pessoas foram escolhidas aleatoriamente para colher as informações, em maio de 2020. Resultado: Observou-se que 88,1% dos entrevistados tem o habito de olhar a validade do medicamento, 54,2% compra somente o que o médico prescreve, 61% descartam o medicamento vencido no lixo comum e 22% disseram devolver no posto de saúde ou farmácia, 55,9% disseram ter conhecimento do local correto de descarte, 67,8% afirmaram saber que o descarte inadequado tem impacto no meio ambiente, 40,7% jogam fora a medicação em desuso. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento do presente estudo possibilitou enxergar que quase a totalidade das pessoas pesquisadas não faz o descarte de forma adequada, não tem conhecimento sobre os locais de entrega destes medicamentos e uma parcela significativa não sabe que o descarte inadequado tem grande impacto ao meio ambiente

Objective: to investigate the population's knowledge about the correct way to dispose of the medication. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was carried out with the application of a structured questionnaire and 59 people were chosen at random to collect the information, in May 2020. Results: 88.1% of the interviewees have the habit of looking at the validity of the medication, 54.2 % buys only what the doctor prescribes, 61% discard the expired medicine in the common garbage and 22% said they return it to the health post or pharmacy, 55.9% said they knew the correct disposal site, 67.8% stated they knew that inadequate disposal has an impact on the environment, 40.7% throw away the disused medication. Conclusion: The development of the present study made it possible to see that almost all of the people surveyed do not dispose of properly, do not have knowledge about the places of delivery of these drugs and a significant portion does not know that inappropriate disposal has a major impact on the environment.

Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento de la población sobre la forma correcta de desechar el medicamento. Método: investigación descriptiva cualitativa con la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado y se eligieron aleatoriamente 59 personas para recolectar la información, en mayo de 2020. Resultados: Se observó que 88.1% de los entrevistados tienen el hábito de mirar la validación de la medicación, 54, El 2% compra solo lo que prescribe el médico, el 61% descarta el medicamento caducado en la basura común y el 22% dice que lo devuelve al puesto de salud o farmacia, el 55,9% dice conocer el sitio de eliminación correcto, el 67,8% dice saber que la eliminación incorrecta tiene un impacto en el medio ambiente, el 40,7% juega por el medicamento en desuso. Conclusión: El desarrollo del presente estudio permitió ver que casi la totalidad de las personas encuestadas no disponen de forma adecuada, no tienen conocimiento sobre los lugares de entrega de estos medicamentos y una porción significativa desconoce que la disposición obsoleta tiene un impacto importante en el medio ambiente.

A questionnaire based study on the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of ecopharmacology among the healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital in India

Background: Ecopharmacology which deals with the health hazards posed by discarded or used medicinal products in the environment, is a globally emerging issue. There are guidelines for pharmaceutical waste management (Like GMP and FDA guidelines) for the manufacturing units, pharmacists and consumers. However, it is uncertain whether consumers are aware of it. Before beginning the process of creating awareness, it is first necessary to assess the existing knowledge of the issue in the community. This study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of ecopharmacology in the medical personnel and students in our institute.Methods: It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional observational study. Study population included MBBS students, nursing students and resident doctors. Total 500 consenting participants were enrolled and subjected to a structured KAP questionnaire and data was expressed in percentage. Questionnaire consisted of 20 questions out of which 3 were open ended and remaining closed ended.Results: Present study result showed that 73% respondents had heard of term ecopharmacology and majority (98%) felt that it was their responsibility to protect environment from pharmaceutical waste. Responses from 83% of participants indicated that they were worried about the excess medicines at their homes. 87% of participants threw it in garbage bin, but (58%) were unsure whether their drug disposing method was safe and 25 % knew it was unsafe. Most respondents (94%) felt that there should be guidelines for safe disposal of expired/unused drug and were enthusiastic about participating in campaign for this issue. Medical personnel also suggested some solutions to deal with this problem.Conclusions: Awareness and concern regarding the problem is high however in absence of knowledge of methods of safe disposal of unused drug, it is not transforming into safe disposal practices.