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Lancang-Mekong countries refer to the six countries that the Lancang-Mekong River flows through， including China， Laos， Myanmar， Thailand， Cambodia， and Vietnam. These countries are geographically adjacent with similar cultures and have long history of traditional medicine and high plant diversity. Since ancient times， medicinal plants have been introduced into China from the countries along the river， including a variety of medicinal plants with edible and healthcare values， which is an important way for the transnational circulation of medicinal resources. This paper briefly described the history and application of edible medicinal plants in the six Lancang-Mekong countries and summarized more than 150 edible medicinal plants from the other five countries except China. These 150 medicinal plants belong to 66 families such as Labiatae， and 12 species of them are used as edible medicinal plants in all the six countries. Further， we collected the information of these edible medicinal plants， including the origins， efficacy， indications， medicinal edible parts， edible values， and the traditional application of these plants in China. Some valuable edible medicinal plants in the other five countries are considered to have a promising prospect of application in China and may be introduced to China as new medicinal resources. These efforts will be conducive to the cooperation in traditional medicine among Lancang-Mekong countries.
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Lancang Lahu autonomous county, where the Lancang-Mekong River flows by, was selected as the case site to investigate the traditional medicinal knowledge(TMK). A comparison of TMK between Lancang county and other places in the Lancang-Mekong sub-region was conducted. Research on TMK has been seldom reported although there are abundant medicinal resources in this sub-region. The key informant interview and other methods have been adopted in the field surveys in the past six years. The investigation revealed that there was rich TMK and various herbal medicine resources in Lancang county. A total of 220 folk prescriptions have been collected, which were normally simple with easy processing methods and usages, and most raw materials were freshly used. As for medicinal plants, 121 species in 67 families have been documented. Other findings included that TMK in Lancang county was remained at the level of medication based on experience only. The processing methods of herbal medicines were simple and the bioactive ingredients were not clear. Without text and cultural support for self-teaching, coupled with conservative inheritance, it resulted in massive losses of TMK. The folk doctors have accumulated their factions based on self-study or ancestral experience. There was different treatment experience among folk doctors, but the safety and effectiveness should be paid attention to. The folk doctors used various herbal medicines, but there was a lack of standards or specifications for quality control. Given the problems existing in inheritance and development, conservation strategies were proposed in the present study.
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Humanos , Etnicidad , Conocimiento , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales , RíosRESUMEN
Objective@#This study aims to enhance the capacity of dengue prediction by investigating the relationship of dengue incidence with climate and environmental factors in the Mekong Delta region (MDR) of Viet Nam by using remote sensing data.@*Methods@#To produce monthly data sets for each province, we extracted and aggregated precipitation data from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation project and land surface temperatures and normalized difference vegetation indexes from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite observations. Monthly data sets from 2000 to 2016 were used to construct autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to predict dengue incidence for 12 provinces across the study region. @*Results@#The final models were able to predict dengue incidence from January to December 2016 that concurred with the observation that dengue epidemics occur mostly in rainy seasons. As a result, the obtained model presents a good fit at a regional level with the correlation value of 0.65 between predicted and reported dengue cases; nevertheless, its performance declines at the subregional scale. @*Conclusion@#We demonstrated the use of remote sensing data in time-series to develop a model of dengue incidence in the MDR of Viet Nam. Results indicated that this approach could be an effective method to predict regional dengue incidence and its trends.
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Aims: This paper presents a study on the development of a 2-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model based on TELEMAC-2D for the flood simulation of the river from Kratie to Kampong Cham in Cambodia, a part of the Mekong River. The motivation behind the research was to study the feasibility of TELEMAC-2D in flood forecasting, and specifically to determine its adequacy in flood simulations with a focus on the reduction in model run-time through parallelization. Place and Duration of Study: DHI-NTU Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, between November 2013 and March 2014. Methodology: We simulated an actual flood event which occurred between June to November in 2001 for the stretch of the Mekong River from Kratie to Kampong Cham and compared the model simulations with MODIS satellite Images for specific days in the pre-, peak- and post-flood period. Results: It was found that during the peak-flood period, there was high percentage (> 90%) match between the simulation results and observation obtained from satellite images while the match was below 50% for the pre- and post- flood periods. Conclusion: The 2D simulation results were consistent with observations from satellite imaging. The discrepancy at pre- and post-flood may be due to the fact that (i) the model takes into account only hydrodynamic processes of flows in the river and flood plain, it does not consider other hydrological processes such as infiltration or evaporation which may be important during the preand post- flood periods, and (ii) the resolution of MODIS satellite image at 500m x 500m may be too coarse and therefore not sufficient to identify flooded areas when the area is small or water depth low. Finally, it was found that the computing time can be reduced significantly with parallelization using multi-core processors, albeit with lesser advantage in speedup when the number of cores increased beyond 4.
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The study is a cross-sectional survey on the situation of dental caries in the population living in the Red river delta and in the Mekong river delta. The result of the study indicated that: 1. In both areas, the percentage of primary dentition is very high. The percentage of caries in the permanent dentition and DMFT index increases a cross the age groups in both areas. In the Mekong river delta, the situation of caries in children is more serious. 2. The percentage of adults who had dental caries is very high in both areas and the DMFT index in Mekong river delta is higher. 3. Almost all children 6-14 years old who had dental caries are untreated in both areas. In other groups, the percentage of filling teeth is higher but it is still in very low level and also lower than 8% for all age groups