Agujero mentoniano doble / Double mental foramina

The knowledge of the location, trajectory, and characteristics of the neurovascular bundles in the jaws is fundamental to reduce risk of injuries to this structure during surgical procedures, especially when anatomical variations are present. The presence of anatomical variations associated with the mental foramen has been reported in some cases and is frequently undervalued in clinical procedures. Sensorial disturbances, such as paresthesia in the lower lip or cheeks, may occur as result of pressure on the mental foramen. These anatomical variations can be detected in clinical practice by imaging exams. Computed tomography has been established as a valuable imaging modality capable of providing in-depth information about maxillofacial structures, allowing detailed evaluation of their topography and anatomical variations, such as additional mental foramina. The objective of this article was to describe a case with double mental foramina that only could be observed in computed tomography images. The use of cone beam computed tomography has increased in dentistry, thus anatomical variations that may have an influence on the diagnosis and treatment planning must be recognized. Have a good knowledge of additional mental foramina may contribute to adequate anesthetic techniques and to avoid misdiagnosis of bone lesions and eventual damages to the nerves and vessel during surgical procedures in that region(AU)

El conocimiento de la ubicación, trayectoria y características de los haces neurovasculares en la mandíbula es de fundamental importancia para reducir el riesgo de lesión en estas estructuras durante procedimientos quirúrgicos, especialmente cuando hay presencia de variaciones anatómicas. La presencia de estas variaciones anatómicas relacionadas con el agujero mentoniano ha sido reportada en algunos casos y no es frecuentemente valorada en los procedimientos clínicos. Alteraciones sensoriales, tales como parestesias en el labio inferior o en las mejillas, pueden ocurrir como resultado de la presión en el agujero mentoniano. Estas variaciones anatómicas pueden ser detectadas en la práctica clínica a través de los exámenes de diagnóstico por imágenes. La tomografía computarizada se ha establecido como una técnica de imagen útil capaz de proporcionar información detallada de las estructuras maxilofaciales, lo que permite una evaluación minuciosa de su topografía y de las variaciones anatómicas, tales como el agujero mentoniano accesorio. El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso con agujeros mentonianos dobles que solo pudieron ser observados en las imágenes de tomografía computarizada. El uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico se ha incrementado en la odontología, así las variaciones anatómicas que pueden tener influencia sobre el diagnóstico y planificación del tratamiento pueden ser conocidas. El conocimiento de los forámenes mentonianos adicionales puede contribuir a una adecuada técnica de anestesia y evitar errores diagnósticos de lesiones óseas y daño eventual de los nervios y vasos durante procederes quirúrgicos en la región(AU)

Morphometric study of mental foramina in dentate and edentulous human mandible in Gujarat Region.

Background & Objectives: will be useful for anatomists, anthropologists, aneasthetist, orthopedics and experts in the field of forensic medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the different morphometric variations of the human mandibles and comparing between dentate and edentulous mandibles is done. Methods: This study included only bone who exhibited no obvious bone pathology. All measurements were done bilaterally, performed with a stainless steel metric digital calliper with 0.01 mm precision. The relative position of the Mental foramena (MF)as analyzed with measurements made from nferior wall of mandible to the mandibular base, from anterior wall of mandible to the mandibular skeletal midline, from his posterior wall to the posterior mandibular rim. To determine this relation, the standard horizontal plane defined by Morrant was used. Briefly, the mandible was placed on a horizontal surface, to which the lower border of the mandible comes into greatest contact when vertical pressure is applied to the second molar teeth. Results: The most common location for the MF is a position aligned between second premolar and first molar (Rt. side 30% & Lt. Side 31%). Comparison of measurements of dentate and edentulous mandible is significnat on both sides. Conclusion: The knowledge of the distances from surgically encountered anatomical landmarks in the present study provide valuable information to dental surgeons that will facilitate effective localization of the neurovascular bundle passing through mental foramen thus avoiding complications from local anesthetic, surgical and other invasive procedures.